Abstract: A lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) production promoting agent, more specifically an L-PGDS production promoting agent in pericytes or ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) dedifferentiated from pericytes. A substance having an L-PGDS production promoting action is contained in an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus. An L-PGDS production promoting agent is highly useful as a prophylactic, therapeutic or relapse prophylactic agent for a disease in which the effect by promotion of L-PGDS expression is expected to be effective, including a cerebrovascular disorder such as cerebral infarction, dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, or a sleep disorder.

Abstract: An oral preparation contains tramadol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient and has a low incidence of side effects, such that the blood concentration of unchanged tramadol or an active metabolite thereof, for example, falls within a certain numerical range after administration, so that the incidence of side effects is low while the efficacy is excellent.

Abstract: An object is to provide a drug which is useful in treating a nervous system disease. A drug containing vitamin B12 as an active ingredient according to the present invention has an M2 macrophage/microglia induction promoting effect, an M1 macrophage/microglia induction inhibiting effect, a nerve regeneration promoting effect, and the like and is very useful as a therapeutic agent for a nervous system disease, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for a central nervous system disease such as cerebral infarction, dementia, or spinal cord injury.

Abstract: An object is to provide a drug which is useful in treating a nervous system disease. A drug containing vitamin B12 as an active ingredient according to the present invention has an M2 macrophage/microglia induction promoting effect, an M1 macrophage/microglia induction inhibiting effect, a nerve regeneration promoting effect, and the like and is very useful as a therapeutic agent for a nervous system disease, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for a central nervous system disease such as cerebral infarction, dementia, or spinal cord injury.

Abstract: A method of culturing a cell population containing cartilage-derived cells positive for expression of Tie2 (cartilage-derived Tie2-positive cells), the method including culturing a cell population containing cartilage-derived Tie2-positive cells in a culture medium containing at least one kind of Tie2 expression enhancer other than growth factors (e.g., an extract derived from a plant of the genus Cinnamomum). This culturing method is preferably performed in cultureware having a culture surface coated with a coating agent (e.g., a polylysine-containing agent).

Abstract: A medical sheet has a cell infiltration suppressing action, including a nonwoven fabric formed of fiber containing an aliphatic polyester, and having a porosity of 50 to 90%. The sheet is very useful because it has an excellent neuroprotective and/or nerve regeneration promoting action, which protects nerves by suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and not giving stimulation that adversely affects nerves because body fluids pass therethrough, by winding around a nerve at a peripheral nerve injury site.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an extract from inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus wherein the quality is more stabilized, and a preparation containing the extract, etc. The use of the amount of N-acetylneuraminic acid contained in an extract from inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus and a preparation containing the extract as an index makes possible to warrant the quality of each manufacturing lot of the extract and the preparation in more stable manner. The extract from inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus and the preparation containing the extract which are manufactured as above, and in which the quality thereof becomes more stable, are warranted to maintain efficacy and safety in more strict manner, and thus extremely useful.

Abstract: A carcinogenesis inhibitor having no side effect and having an excellent effect by oral administration. A carcinogenesis inhibitor containing a hydantoin derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient shows an inhibiting action for polyp formation and for cell proliferation, and has no side effect and highly safe whereby it is very highly useful as a pharmaceutical agent and a food such as supplement which prevent the occurrence and progress of cancer, inhibits the recurrence and metastasis of cancer and further achieves the therapeutic effect.

Abstract: A preparation which contains acetaminophen at a high content, in particular, a miniaturized tablet (conventional tablets, sustained-release tablets, etc.) which have excellent dissolution properties, preferable hardness and high drug content uniformity and a manufacturing method thereof. Acetaminophen has a preset particle size and is used for manufacturing a preparation, the flowability of acetaminophen can be improved so that secondary agglomeration can be suppressed, manufacturing efficiency can be elevated and the cost for manufacturing is also reduced. Thus, an acetaminophen preparation having improved administrability, for example, a reduced size and a manufacturing method thereof are highly useful.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a preparation which contains acetaminophen at a high content, in particular, a miniaturized tablet (conventional tablets, sustained-release tablets, etc.) which have excellent elution properties, preferable hardness and high drug content uniformity, and a premix drug substance of acetaminophen which has improved manufacturability. According to the method in which acetaminophen having a preset particle size is used for manufacturing a preparation, the flowability of acetaminophen can be improved so that secondary agglomeration can be suppressed and manufacturing efficiency can be elevated. Thus, this method is highly useful for manufacturing an acetaminophen preparation having improved administrability, for example, a reduced size.

Abstract: An object is to provide a drug which is useful in treating a nervous system disease. A drug containing vitamin B12 as an active ingredient according to the present invention has an M2 macrophage/microglia induction promoting effect, an M1 macrophage/microglia induction inhibiting effect, a nerve regeneration promoting effect, and the like and is very useful as a therapeutic agent for a nervous system disease, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for a central nervous system disease such as cerebral infarction, dementia, or spinal cord injury.

Abstract: A method of treating a central nervous system disease, the method including administering an agent including a therapeutically effective amount of vitamin B12 to a patient with a central nervous system disease to treat the central nervous system disease. This disclosure also relates to a method of promoting M2 macrophage/microglia induction, inhibiting M1 macrophage/microglia induction, and/or reducing the ratio of M1 macrophage/microglia to M2 macrophage/microglia in a patient in need thereof, the method including administering an agent including a therapeutically effective amount of vitamin B12 to the patient to promote M2 macrophage/microglia induction, inhibit M1 macrophage/microglia induction, and/or reduce the ratio of M1 macrophage/microglia to M2 macrophage/microglia. This disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical product including vitamin B12.

Abstract: Provided is a sustained release sheet that includes a drug for treating nerve injury, wherein the sheet is applied to a nerve injury site, can maintain a high concentration of the drug over a long period, and promotes nerve regeneration without stimulating the nerves, even when the sheet is implanted in the periphery of the nerve injury site. Also provided is a production method for the sheet. This sustained drug release sheet for treating nerve injury is a sheet comprising a non-woven fabric that is formed from nanofibers each containing a drug such as vitamin B12 and a biocompatible polymer such as a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, and is implanted in the periphery of the nerve injury site to promote nerve regeneration.

Abstract: An inhibiting or alleviating agent for inflammation in the brain comprising an extract from inflamed tissue inoculated with vaccinia virus as the active ingredient. In another aspect, the invention relates to a determination or evaluation method of an extract from inflamed tissue inoculated with vaccinia virus or an agent comprising the extract, characterized in that the inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or NF-?B pathway related proteins induced by the promotion of expression of BDNF in cultivated glial cells is used as an indicator. In still another aspect, the invention also relates to a use of an extract from inflamed tissue inoculated with vaccinia virus in the production of the inhibiting or alleviating agent for inflammation in the brain.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an agent for promoting expression of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that contains an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus. The present invention demonstrated that the extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus promotes the expression of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in intervertebral disc cells. Thus, the extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus or a preparation containing the extract is useful as an agent for promoting the expression of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in intervertebral disc cells.

Abstract: Preparing a cell population rich in cells having a given phenotype depending on their use (e.g., type II collagen-positive nucleus pulposus cells) from a cell population containing Tie2-positive stem/progenitor cells (e.g., nucleus pulposus stem/progenitor cells). The present invention provides culture methods wherein a cell population containing Tie2-positive stem/progenitor cells is cultured (1) while present in a non-digested tissue, (2) in a culture medium containing at least one kind of Tie2 expression enhancer other than growth factors, (3) using cultureware with a culture surface having undergone cell attachment-increasing treatment, or (4) while suppressing formation of spheroid colonies in a culture medium containing an extracellular matrix-degrading agent.

Abstract: An inhibiting or alleviating agent for amyloid beta (A?)-induced damage in hippocampus including an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus. Also relates to the use of the extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus in the preparation of an agent for inhibiting or alleviating A?-induced damage in hippocampus.

Abstract: A Schwann cell differentiation promoting agent, a peripheral nerve regeneration promoting agent, or the like contain an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus. The extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus promotes differentiation of Schwann cells and regeneration of a peripheral nerve. Therefore, a preparation containing the extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus is useful as a Schwann cell differentiation promoting agent, a peripheral nerve regeneration promoting agent, or the like.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a test method using a novel administration method of an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus or a preparation containing the extract. It has been demonstrated that by sustainedly administering an extract from inflamed tissues inoculated with vaccinia virus or a preparation containing the extract by using a continuous administration device according to the present invention, a comparable effect is exerted at a very low dose compared with conventional administration methods such as oral administration. Therefore, the present invention can provide a test method using animals requiring less burden on a researcher, a treatment of patient at a low dose, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pre-processing method for the purpose of formulating a drug substance having non-uniform particle sizes by a manufacturing method having excellent manufacture performance. According to the pre-processing method of the present invention, additives including at least a dispersant are blended in a drug substance having a specific particle size distribution and then the resultant mixture is deagglomerated/sized to disperse and make adhere the additives onto the surfaces of the particles of the drug substance, thereby yielding a powder having a specified particle size distribution. In this manner, a pharmaceutical preparation can be manufactured with excellent manufacture performance, manufacture efficiency, and manufacture cost by a direct compression method, a wet continuous granulation system or the like. Therefore, the pre-processing method is very useful.