Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic head for magnetizing a magnetic recording medium in the direction of thickness thereof comprises a main pole film of a magnetically soft material having a high magnetic permeability which is held sandwiched between a first and a second joined block, each formed of a non-magnetic material. A multi-layer film comprising alternate layers of a magnetically soft material having a high permeability and a non-magnetic material is disposed on at least one of the blocks in abutting relationship with the main pole film at a given distance spaced from an area of the main pole film which is disposed in sliding contact with a magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: When establishing a program exposure response of a camera, an EV value is calculated from the brightness of an object being photographed, a film speed and the like, and a programmed calculation is made on the basis of a preset program response and the EV value to determine an exposure period and a diaphragm aperture in the absence of a program shift input. However, in the presence of a program shift operation, the relationship between an exposure period and a diaphragm aperture is shifted through a given number of steps, and a new program response is established so that the exposure period and the diaphragm aperture varies according to an EV value from their shifted value, thus determining an exposure control value.

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering distance information of a camera includes counter means which counts a relative distance corresponding to a movement of a taking lens. The counter means is reset when the taking lens reaches a reference position located at infinity. Using stored data (absolute distance factors) which is specific to a taking lens and the count in the counter means, an absolute distance is derived.

Abstract: Apparatus for adjusting a camera electric circuit employs a non-volatile memory element for electrically storing and reading data, takes out digitized compensation data from the non-volatile memory element during a digital calculation process, and, after the calculation including the compensation data, controls an exposure control or an exposure display circuit of the camera in accordance with the calculated output, thereby dispensing with conventional analog adjustment. The compensation data may be obtained through the use of a test instrument by comparing test results against results obtained by the camera calculator or through the use of comparing a previously standarized shutter speed with the shutter speed determined by the camera calculator. The compensator value can be used to provide a corrected display. A separate compensation value for an aperture deviation can also be stored. The stored data is retained unchanged by removal of a jumper control.

Abstract: Apparatus for exposure control/focus adjustment for a camera comprises an exposure controlling mechanism, a focus adjusting mechanism and a source of rotary drive. The drive from the source is transmitted through a differential gearing to the exposure controlling mechanism and the focus adjusting mechanism. The differential gearing is operated such that the transmission of the drive to either one of the exposure controlling mechanism and the focus adjusting mechanism is blocked while allowing the other mechanism to be driven.

Abstract: A process of correcting for a color misregistering is disclosed. Markers which enable a synchronization of a record position are formed along the lateral edges of a record paper, and are read by linear sensors. The outputs from the sensors can be utilized to determine any offset of the record paper or the magnitude of any shrinkage or elongation. A processing operation is applied to a dot signal which is used in the electrostatic recording so as to remove part of the dot signal or insert a dummy dot in accordance with the result of determination. In this manner, the position where a monochromatic color signal is recorded is electrically controlled to provide a correction for a color misregistering.

Abstract: A liquid transfer apparatus for use in an automatic analyzer successively transfers a number of liquid vessels in a continuous manner to a liquid pick up station where a probe of a liquid distributor is used to perform a liquid analysis and inserts by interruption a specified liquid vessel holding specified liquid such as an emergent test sample into the liquid pick up station when necessary to perform an analysis in an emergency by interruption during a normal operation.

Abstract: In an auto-focussing system, an actuator which moves together with an objective lens is vertically movable against a rotating optical disc and radiates a light beam so as to form a light spot on an information plane of the disc. A focus servo unit moves the actuator so that an optical distance between the actuator and the disc is within a proper distance region and performs the focus control of the light spot on the disc. While the actuator is approaching the optical disc, an auto-focus/focus servo controller initially makes the servo unit nonoperative and, when the actuator reaches a too-far position in a suitable servo loop distance region specified by a servo loop of the focus servo unit, the controller temporarily stops the movement of the actuator and then moves the actuator again from the too-far position by only a predetermined distance, thereby causing the actuator to be located within the focus loop distance region.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus for endoscopes, which makes an image of an object to be observed employing a solid-state image pickup device such as a charge-coupled-device, is provided with an optical filter disposed on the optical path including an illumination optical system for applying illumination light to the object to be observed and an objective optical system for forming an optical image of the object to be observed on said solid-state image pickup device, for correcting the spectral properties of said optical path, thereby permitting a faithful color picture image to be reproduced and a picture image suitable for a kind of the object to be observed to be made.

Abstract: A lens and a lens holding device make it possible to construct a compound lens or to secure a lens to a lens barrel by providing protrusions and/or depressions on a joint surface or surfaces of a lens and/or a lens contact surface of a lens barrel and interconnecting the protrusions and the depressions. Particularly, the protrusions and/or the depressions are provided with undercut areas and at least one of the protrusions and the depressions to be combined are formed so as to be elastically deformable to prevent them from separating after interconnected.

Abstract: A compact photographic camera lens system for use in a compact camera using Leica size film. In order to reduce the overall length of the lens system and the number of constituent lens elements of the lens system, an aspherical surface is introduced into part of the lens system and aberrations are properly corrected up to a field angle of approximately 63.degree..

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel of the type in which an open F-value which is not maintained constant during a zooming operation by the original optical design, is caused to maintain an open F-value constant during a zooming operation, by the application of a diaphragm correction which is effected through a mechanical change in the diaphragm aperture. The diaphragm correction which is applied to maintain the open F-value constant is terminated when a diaphragm ring is set to an open F-value on the wide angle side or to a programmed mode position.

Abstract: A basket forceps assembly which includes a plurality or resilient wires which are biased to define a basket. Two types of resilient wires are used which exhibit different tensile strengths.

Abstract: A heater for microscopes for heating a sample and maintaining the sample, which is mounted on a platform of the microscope, at a preset temperature during observation of the sample. The heater includes a platform for supporting thereon a sample container and a heater for heating at least part of the platform. A first heater box is fitted, open end down, over the platform and is connected thereto to form a first space which surrounds the sample container. A second heater box is then fitted over the first heater box in such a manner that a second space which surrounds the first heater box is formed. Heater means are provided for heating the second space. Accordingly, the temperatures in the first space and in the second space can be controlled independently to achieve better control over the temperature of the sample which is to be observed and to control condensation which may otherwise form in the sample holding container.

Abstract: A flashlight emission apparatus is provided which inhibits the emission of flashlight from a flash discharge tube before a voltage to which a main discharge capacitor is charged reaches a proper voltage level for emission. This occurs in response to an output from a detector that detects the voltage across the main capacitor. The apparatus provides an indication that the main capacitor is being charged as long as the converter is in operation to provide a booster action, and terminates the indication and ceases the operation of the converter when the voltage across the main capacitor reaches a proper voltage level for emission.

Abstract: An electronic flash of series controlled type is provided. It comprises a series connection of a flash discharge tube and a main thyristor, which series connection is further connected in series with a thyristor which forms a reverse charging path for a commutating capacitor. The series combination of the flash discharge tube, the main thyristor and the last mentioned thyristor is connected in parallel with a main capacitor. A diode is connected in series with the commutating capacitor so that their series combination is in parallel with the reverse charging thyristor. The reverse charging thyristor is rendered conductive as the main thyristor is rendered conductive so as to establish a reverse charging path for the commutating capacitor therethrough when a commutating operation is to be performed. This prevents a reverse charging current to the commutating capacitor from passing through the flash discharge tube, thus enabling an accurate control over the amount of exposure produced by flashlight.

Abstract: A focus detecting method and its apparatus arranges two rows of photoelectric transducer elements in positions optically equivalent to plane position which are located before and behind a presumed focal plane of an image forming optical system, respectively, divide a light beam into a first light beam passing through a first half portion of an exit pupil and a second light beam passing through a second half portion of the exit pupil by a shift generating optical system, primarily receive one of said first and second light beams on at least one of said first and second rows of transducer elements and primarily receive the other of said first and second light beams on at least the other of said first and second rows and performs a focus detection based on shift or displacement of images which is caused by said first and the second light beams on said first and second rows of transducer elements.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an endoscope of the motor drive type which includes at least an image pickup means within an insertable portion thereof and are operable by giving operating orders to drive units for bending, air and water feed operations. The endoscope apparatus further includes observation means and operating means for the bending, air and water feed which are disposed respectively at positions remote from the endoscope body in such a manner that a plurality of operators of the endoscope can simultaneously perform the same operations while observing the same image being observed.

Abstract: A power supply unit for electronic flash includes a converter drive circuit which is activated when a main switch is turned on or in response to the completion of a shutter operation or the completion of a film winding operation, thereby driving a converter for oscillation. The converter charges a main discharge capacitor to a given voltage, and when the given voltage is reached, the converter drive circuit is deactivated, thereby automatically ceasing the oscillation of the converter.