Abstract: An adjustable exercise machine using resistance for exercise the upper torso and arm muscles of a user comprises a bench assembly pivotally coupled to a support frame, and a seat support assembly for supporting and/or adjusting the user's body positions, the bench assembly being angularly adjustable for supporting the body at either incline, supine, or decline positions, and the seat support assembly being angularly and/or vertically adjustable in order to support the user's body such that shoulder joints of the user will remain approximately in a same plane, which also passes through a bench pivot axle, at all angular positions of the bench assembly during the exercise of the user.

Abstract: Convergent exercise machines and a method using resistance for exercising the upper torso and arm muscles, for complete natural joint articulation of shoulders, elbows and wrists. The circular exercise motion path is machine-determined and defined by a pair of exercise arms, each arm rotating about an arm pivot axle and having a handle assembly with a wrist joint accommodating pivot. The diameter of the circular exercise motion path is adjusted for the user's arm length. The method includes the following steps: defining the position of the arm pivot axle so that the machine-determined circular exercise motion path is coincident with the movement of the wrist joint accommodating pivot from start to finish of an exercise, and defining the position of the arm pivot axle to be located in a plane parallel to the plane positioned through the user's shoulder joints and at a lateral displacement from it, and at a location further into the exercise stroke than the parallel plane.

Abstract: Convergent exercise machines and a method using resistance for exercising the upper torso and arm muscles, for complete natural joint articulation of shoulders, elbows and wrists. The circular exercise motion path is machine-determined and defined by a pair of exercise arms, each arm rotating about an arm pivot axle and having a handle assembly with a wrist joint accommodating pivot. The diameter of the circular exercise motion path is adjusted for the user's arm length. The method includes the following steps: defining the position of the arm pivot axle so that the machine-determined circular exercise motion path is coincident with the movement of the wrist joint accommodating pivot from start to finish of an exercise, and defining the position of the arm pivot axle to be located in a plane parallel to the plane positioned through the user's shoulder joints and at a lateral displacement from it, and at a location further into the exercise stroke than the parallel plane.

Abstract: An exercise device having a pivoted resistance and a two-piece pivoted linkage assembly to connect the resistance with the user. A user impact device, for receiving force from the user may be connected to the two-piece pivoted linkage assembly. The respective lengths of the two pieces of the linkage assemble and the points of pivotal mounting are used to determine the resistance profile.