Abstract: An ambient light sensor is provided that includes a sensor input having a delta-sigma analogue to digital converter. The delta-sigma analogue to digital converter includes a switched capacitor, a common mode voltage source, a reference voltage source, and a switch network. In a first clock phase, the switch network connects the switched capacitor to charge it to either a sum or difference voltage. In a second clock phase, the switch network connects the switched capacitor to transfer charge into a summing junction. A controller controls the switch network in response to a comparator output to connect the switched capacitor to either the common mode voltage or the reference voltage while in the first clock phase.

Abstract: A method of determining a disinfectant composition of a municipal water supply from a water sample that includes: (a) obtaining a water sample from a water source at a sampling location; (b) adding a chlorine-containing material to the water sample in the presence of an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measurement device; (c) generating a plurality of ORP measurements during addition of the chlorine-containing material to the water sample; (d) estimating a concentration of one or more of free ammonia, fully combined ammonia, monochloramine, or a mixture of dichloramine and trichloramine in the water sample in which the estimation is derived from the relationship between the added chlorine material and the plurality of ORP measurements; and (e) determining a disinfectant composition of the water source at the water sampling location from the concentration calculation. A method of determining free ammonia composition is also included.

Abstract: Devices are provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in a liquid-containing storage tank (e.g. water-storage tank). The devices include a first fluid flow path that is physically isolated from a second fluid flow path and a convection device for moving a first fluid along the first fluid flow path toward at a desired destination and for exhausting the first fluid at the desired destination at a desired velocity. Methods are also provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in liquid-containing storage tanks (e.g. water-storage tanks). The methods involve blowing a first fluid through a ventilation device into a liquid-containing storage device at a velocity sufficient to achieve a desired mass transfer rate of volatile chemicals from the liquid in the liquid-containing storage device to air in the headspace and flowing the contaminated air back through the ventilation device.

Abstract: Devices are provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in a liquid-containing storage tank (e.g. water-storage tank). The devices include a first fluid flow path that is physically isolated from a second fluid flow path and a convection device for moving a first fluid along the first fluid flow path toward at a desired destination and for exhausting the first fluid at the desired destination at a desired velocity. Methods are also provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in liquid-containing storage tanks (e.g. water-storage tanks). The methods involve blowing a first fluid through a ventilation device into a liquid-containing storage device at a velocity sufficient to achieve a desired mass transfer rate of volatile chemicals from the liquid in the liquid-containing storage device to air in the headspace and flowing the contaminated air back through the ventilation device.

Abstract: Devices are provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in a liquid-containing storage tank (e.g. water-storage tank). The devices include a first fluid flow path that is physically isolated from a second fluid flow path and a convection device for moving a first fluid along the first fluid flow path toward at a desired destination and for exhausting the first fluid at the desired destination at a desired velocity. Methods are also provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in liquid-containing storage tanks (e.g. water-storage tanks). The methods involve blowing a first fluid through a ventilation device into a liquid-containing storage device at a velocity sufficient to achieve a desired mass transfer rate of volatile chemicals from the liquid in the liquid-containing storage device to air in the headspace and flowing the contaminated air back through the ventilation device.

Abstract: Devices are provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in a liquid-containing storage tank (e.g. water-storage tank). The devices include a first fluid flow path that is physically isolated from a second fluid flow path and a convection device for moving a first fluid along the first fluid flow path toward at a desired destination and for exhausting the first fluid at the desired destination at a desired velocity. Methods are also provided for ventilating and/or removing volatile chemicals from liquid (e.g. water) stored in liquid-containing storage tanks (e.g. water-storage tanks). The methods involve blowing a first fluid through a ventilation device into a liquid-containing storage device at a velocity sufficient to achieve a desired mass transfer rate of volatile chemicals from the liquid in the liquid-containing storage device to air in the headspace and flowing the contaminated air back through the ventilation device.