Abstract: A method for measuring blood sugar that is performed by an apparatus for measuring blood is provided. The method includes calculating color data from multiple skin regions of interest in a skin image, classifying a user's meal state into a pre-meal state or a post-meal state through analysis of acquired user information, estimating blood sugar by applying the calculated color data to a blood sugar regression linear equation corresponding to the classified user's meal state, and measuring robust blood sugar by weighted averaging the estimated blood sugar.

Abstract: An indoor wireless positioning method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes receiving initial received signal strength indicator (RSSI) information from a reception unit; searching for a fingerprint matching measured initial RSSI information in a fingerprint database; determining a first location corresponding to the retrieved fingerprint to be an initial location of the reception unit; receiving additional RSSI information from the reception unit; extracting features of variability between the additional RSSI information and the initial RSSI information; searching for variability fingerprints matching the initial location and extracted RSSI variability features in a variability fingerprint database; and updating a second location to a current location of the reception unit when the second location corresponding to the retrieved variability fingerprint is different from the initial location, wherein the second location is a location in a candidate area within a preset distance range ce

Abstract: There are provided a metal carbide catalyst complex for a bifunctional zinc-air battery, containing vanadium metal and a different transition metal, and a zinc-air battery system including the same. Because a catalytic reaction region may be increased by a substituted iron ion and a substituted vanadium ion in a metal carbide catalyst complex for a zinc-air battery, high activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance may be exhibited.

Abstract: There are provided a nitride-based MXene light-emitting quantum dot and a method of manufacturing the same. The nitride-based MXene light-emitting quantum dot includes a nitride-based MXene quantum dot having a diameter of 10 nm or less and absorbs ultraviolet light to emit light, and the nitride-based MXene light-emitting quantum dot has an effect of efficiently generating light emission by increasing bandgap energy of MXene by inducing a quantum confinement effect by reducing the size of the quantum dot.

Abstract: In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for determining a number of layers may comprise a data manager configured to obtain a graph structure including information between nodes; a first controller configured to control a reinforcement learning model designed to set the graph structure as an environment of reinforcement learning, set any one of nodes included in the graph structure as a state of reinforcement learning, and set a number of branches causing a highest expected value for a reward of reinforcement learning from any node as an action of reinforcement learning; a storage configured to store the number of branches determined by the reinforcement learning model as an action for a predetermined node input to the reinforcement learning model; and a second controller configured to apply the same number of layers for extracting an embedding of the predetermined node as the stored number of branches in a graph neural network designed based on the graph structu

Abstract: A semiconductor design optimization system that includes: a data base configured to store design data, a training data preprocessing unit configured to preprocess the design data and generate training data, a data learning unit configured to generate a physical property prediction model by training using the training data, a physical property prediction unit configured to generate predicted physical property data including information associated with predicted physical property values for each region of a semiconductor device to be fabricated, wherein the physical property prediction unit is configured to input, into the physical property prediction model, input data including information associated with design drawings of the semiconductor device to be fabricated, and a layout generator configured generate a design layout optimized to distribute the predicted physical property values for each region of the semiconductor device to be fabricated by modifying the design drawings based on the predicted physical

Abstract: Disclosed is an antibody for cancer treatment conjugated with a tumor environment-sensitive cleavable polyethylene glycol, wherein the use of the antibody for cancer treatment can suppress side effects of the antibody while maintaining therapeutic effects thereof.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes display panel including a pixel array in which pixels, each of which including a plurality of inorganic light emitting elements, are disposed in a plurality of row lines, and sub pixel circuits corresponding to inorganic light emitting elements of the pixel array, a driving unit configured to set an image data voltage sequentially to the sub pixel circuits based on a first driving voltage, and drive the sub pixel circuits so that a driving current corresponding to the set image data voltage is provided sequentially to the inorganic light emitting elements of the pixel array based on a second driving voltage; a sensing unit configured to sense a current flowing through a driving transistor included in each of the sub pixel circuits based on a specific voltage which is applied to the sub pixel circuits, and output sensing data corresponding to the sensed current; and a correction unit configured to correct an image data voltage to be applied to each of the sub pixel circuits based o

Abstract: A video encoding method and a video decoding method are provided for adaptively determining a chroma intra-directional prediction mode. When a DM mode is applied for intra prediction of a chroma signal, the video encoding method and the video decoding method adaptively modify the directional mode of a luma block to conform to the characteristics of a chroma block by considering the position and size of the chroma block, the presence of reference samples, and the size of the luma block. The video encoding method and the video decoding method use the modified directional mode for intra prediction of the chroma signal.

Abstract: A method for decoding an image, according to the present invention, can comprise the steps of: drawing out a vector predictor of a block vector for indicating a reference block with respect to a current block to be predicted within a current picture; drawing out the block vector on the basis of the vector predictor and a vector differential value corresponding to a different value of the block vector and the vector predictor; and generating a prediction block with respect to the current block on the basis of the block vector.

Abstract: Internal phase shifting is achieved by adding a feedback divider to a feedback loop of a phase locked loop circuit configured to determine a transmission frequency of a wireless transmission terminal and adding a phase adjustment current to a loop current. Since the phase adjustment current is applied to an adder circuit, a phase difference is maintained even when the feedback loop is in a stable state, and accordingly, an output of the feedback divider maintains the phase difference with a reference frequency as intended by the phase adjustment current applied to the adder circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite for forming a coacervate interfacial film. The composite for forming the coacervate interfacial film contains a cationic hectorite nanoplate-shaped particle structure containing a hectorite nanoplate-shaped particle and a cationic surfactant coupled to a surface of the hectorite nanoplate-shaped particle, and an anionic cellulose nanofibril containing an anionic functional group in at least a portion thereof, in which the composite may form the coacervate interfacial film at an interface of an oil phase and a water phase through electrostatic interaction between the cationic surfactant and the anionic functional group.

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy composition includes a lead-free solder alloy; and a flower-shaped metal nano-particle including a metal core and protrusion portions extending from a surface of the metal core, wherein the metal core and the protrusion portions of the metal nano-particle include only one metal element.

Abstract: An example embodiment of the present invention provides a semiconductor device including: an encoder configured to receive a plurality of bit data by dividing the plurality of bit data into first group data and second group data, the plurality of bit data being divided into 2-bit units, to delay the second group data for a first period, and to output the first group data and the delayed second group data; and an output driver configured to output the first group data and the delayed second group data together to an external semiconductor device.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus including a modular display panel that includes a plurality of displays disposed in a matrix form and respectively including a display panel including a pixel array in which pixels including a plurality of inorganic light emitting elements are disposed in a plurality of row lines, sub-pixel circuits respectively corresponding to inorganic light emitting elements of the pixel array, a driver configured to drive the sub-pixel circuits, a sensor configured to sense a current flowing in a driving transistor included in the sub-pixel circuits and output sensing data corresponding to the sensed current, and a processor configured to correct the image data voltage applied to the sub-pixel circuits based on the sensing data, and a timing controller configured to provide a first start signal to a driver of a first display and a second start signal to a driver of a second display.

Abstract: A watermarking method for smart contract according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises compiling a source code of a smart contract to create a contract creation bytecode and a runtime bytecode; generating a control flow graph including a plurality of byte regions based on the runtime bytecode; setting opcode groups by grouping consecutive opcodes in an opcode list in the plurality of byte regions of the generated control flow graph so that a sum of gas costs for the consecutive opcodes is greater than or equal to a preset gas cost value; extracting a watermarkable byte region based on the set opcode groups; determining watermarking bytes, in which a watermark is to be embed in the watermarkable byte region, to embed the watermark and storing location information of the determined watermarking bytes; hashing fingerprint information including information on the watermark and the location information of the watermarking bytes to create a fingerprint; and embedding the created fingerprint in the

Abstract: The present invention introduces a plasma etching method and apparatus. The plasma etching method may include forming a photoresist pattern on a target etching layer, hardening the surface of the photoresist pattern by exposing to a first plasma generated from a first discharge gas containing a reforming gas including carbon (C) and sulfur (S) and sequentially annealing, and etching the target etching layer with a second plasma generated from a second discharge gas using the surface-hardened photoresist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A super-steep switching device and an inverter device using the same are disclosed. The super-steep switching device includes a semiconductor channel disposed on a substrate and made of a semiconductor material having impact ionization characteristic; a source electrode and a drain electrode in contact with the semiconductor channel, wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode are disposed on the substrate and are spaced apart from each other; and a gate electrode disposed on the semiconductor channel so as to overlap only a portion of the semiconductor channel, wherein a top surface of the semiconductor channel includes a first area overlapping the gate electrode, and a second area non-overlapping the gate electrode, wherein a ratio of a length of the first area and a length of the second area is in a range of 1:0.1 to 0.4.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a phase change material layer on a substrate, a gate electrode disposed on the phase change material layer and inducing accumulation of charges in the phase change material layer, and a pair of source/drain electrodes spaced apart from each other with the gate electrode therebetween on the phase change material layer. The phase change material layer includes a phase change region having a crystal structure that changes due to the accumulation of the charges as a voltage is applied to the gate electrode.

Abstract: A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound are provided. The condensed cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1. The A3 ring of Formula 1 is a group represented by Formula 2A or a group represented by Formula 2B. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, the organic layer including at least one of the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.