Abstract: A novel basic aluminum chlorosulfate, well adopted for the improved purification of aqueous media, has the formula:Al.sub.n (OH).sub.m (SO.sub.4).sub.k Cl.sub.3n-m-2kand characteristic basicity, Al/Cl ratio, molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameters.

Abstract: Mechanically improved elastomeric shaped articles include reinforcing amounts of a particulate silica filler material, said silica filler material comprising at least one precipitated silica having (i) a CTAB surface area of from 20 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, (ii) a mean projected area of aggregates of greater than about 10,000 nm.sup.2, and (iii) an inter-aggregate volume of at least 1 cm.sup.3 /g and an essentially homogeneous inter-aggregate pore population.

Abstract: A novel basic aluminum chlorosulfate, well adopted for the improved purification of aqueous media, has the formulaAl.sub.n OH.sub.m (SO.sub.4).sub.k Cl.sub.3n-m-2kand characteristic basicity, Al/Cl ratio, molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameters.

Abstract: .beta.,.gamma.-Unsaturated carboxylic acids are facilely prepared by carbonylating a conjugated diene with carbon monoxide in the presence of (i) water, (ii) a halogenated hydracid, (iii) a palladium catalyst comprising palladium metal or supported palladium metal, a palladium oxide, or a complex salt of palladium, the anion coordinated to the palladium cation of which comprising a hard or borderline base, and (iv) a quaternary onium salt of nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic, said N, P or As being tetra-coordinated to a carbon atom, the anion of which comprising a hard or borderline base.

Abstract: Microporous composites adopted for electrolytic applications, e.g., as cathodes in the electrolysis of sodium chloride, are comprised of a regular, homogeneous and consolidated microporous deposit of monodispersed carbon fibers on a perforated rigid support substrate therefor, said carbon fibers having a distribution by length such that the mean length of at least 80% of the individual fibers, plus or minus 20%, corresponds to the mean length of said fibers.

Abstract: Clear, precipitate-free, storage-stable biureto polyisocyanates, well adopted for paint applications, are prepared by reacting at least one aliphatic, alicyclic or arylaliphatic monomeric diisocyanate with water, at a temperature of at least 70.degree. C. and under an absolute pressure of at least 1.2 bar, including a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of at least 0.2 bar.

Abstract: A novel basic aluminum chlorosulfate, well adopted for the improved purification of aqueous media, has the formula:Al.sub.n OH.sub.m (SO.sub.4).sub.k Cl.sub.3n-m-2kand characteristic basicity, Al/Cl ratio, molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameters.

Abstract: Microporous composites adopted for electrolytic applications, e.g., as cathodes in the electrolysis of sodium chloride, are comprised of a regular, homogeneous and consolidated microporous deposit of monodispersed carbon fibers on a perforated rigid support substrate therefor, said carbon fibers having a distribution by length such that the mean length of at least 80% of the individual fibers, plus or minus 20%, corresponds to the mean length of said fibers.

Abstract: A phase contactor adopted, e.g., for combustion and pollution control, comprises a mixing zone and means for separately injecting and disintegrating at least two gaseous flowstreams therein, a central element within said mixing zone defining an annular space into which said gaseous flowstreams are injected and disintegrated, and a downstream reaction zone.

Abstract: A gas-gas phase contactor/process, especially adopted for high temperature reactions, e.g., for the production of hydrochloric acid, comprises means for separately establishing at least two disparate gaseous feedstreams, means for disintegrating each such feedstream into a registered plurality of substreams thereof, one of each such substream being complementary to at least one eother, and means for establishing homogeneous unit volumes of gaseous reaction mixture which comprise said complementary fractions of each such disintegrated feedstream.

Abstract: Novel dinuclear and water-soluble rhodium complexes, well suited as hydroformylation catalysts, as are aqueous solutions thereof, have the general formula: ##STR1## in which R and R', which are identical or different, are each a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, with the proviso that R and R' may together form a single divalent radical, TAPS is a sulfonated triarylphosphine ligand, and L is a carbonyl (CO) or a TAPS ligand.

Abstract: p-Acyloxybenzene sulfonates, well suited for detergency applications, are facilely and rapidly prepared by acylating an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or ammonium p-phenol sulfonate, with an anhydride of a straight or branched chain carboxylic acid having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, in a polar aprotic solvent and in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a straight or branched chain aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The steam and thermal cracking of hydrocarbons is facilely carried out by in situ generating a stream of hot combustion gases including steam, advantageously in the configuration of a downstream axially extending, axially symmetrical helical flowstream, by combustion of steam-producing reactants in a combustion first reaction zone, and serially directly contacting and intimately admixing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock with said gas of combustion in a downstream isodistribution, non-multi-tubular second reaction zone, advantageously first at a zone of reduced pressure thereof, the momentum of said gas of combustion at the point of direct contact being such as to provide all of the thermal and mechanical energy and heat transfer required to autogenously vaporize, entrain and effect cracking therein of said liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: Novel dinuclear and water-soluble rhodium complexes, well suited as hydroformylation catalysts, as are aqueous solutions thereof, have the general formula: ##STR1## in which R and R', which are identical or different, are each a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, with the proviso that R and R' may together form a single divalent radical, TAPS is a sulfonated triarylphosphine ligand, and L is a carbonyl (CO) or a TAPS ligand.

Abstract: Controlledly microporous shaped articles adopted for use, e.g., as electrodes and diaphragms, are produced by consolidating a fibrous matrix with a latex binder material, notably by deposition onto a rigid perforate substrate, the lattice network of said binder material comprising a silica-based derivative, e.g., a precipitated or pyrogenic silica.

Abstract: Crude wet-process phosphoric acid is purified by treating a dilute such acid with a molybdenum value reducing amount of hydrogen sulfide or of a sulfide which in situ forms hydrogen sulfide, to afford a purified acid adopted for the production of food grade phosphoric acid, and which has a content in heavy metal and molybdenum values of less than 10 ppm.

Abstract: Novel carriers for liquid component antifoaming agents, e.g., polysiloxane based, and well adapted for detergency applications, are comprised of a preferably hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate fraction, and a fraction comprised of sodium hydrogen pyrophosphate, sodium hydrogen orthophosphate, or admixture thereof.

Abstract: The arylaminoaluminums, well adopted as catalysts for the ortho-alkylation of aromatic amines with an olefin, are facilely prepared by reacting at least one aromatic amine with metallic aluminum in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of iodine, or precursor compound thereof which generates elemental iodine under the conditions of reaction.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is facilely converted into carbon monoxide and water, and advantageously into a syngas, by establishing a thermally homogeneous gaseous admixture including carbon dioxide and hydrogen having a temperature of at least 800.degree. C., within a period of time essentially insufficient for the production of carbon monoxide therefrom, and wherein said carbon dioxide is next autogenously reduced under reaction equilibrium conditions to carbon monoxide and water by reaction with hydrogen, with each molecule of carbon monoxide formed having, or essentially instantaneously being brought to, a temperature of at least 800.degree. C.

Abstract: Solid, free-flowing, essentially nonfriable powdery detergent particulates of recrystallized sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate having high absorption capacity and a pore volume of at least 0.70 cm.sup.3 /g, at lest 80% of the intercrystalline porosity thereof comprising pore sizes ranging from 0.5 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m, are prepared by (i) spraying water or an aqueous medium over a first fraction of anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate, the majority of which fraction comprises phase 1 tripolyphosphate, (ii) spraying water or an aqueous medium over a separate second fraction of anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate, which second fraction essentially consists of phase 2 triplyphosphate, (iii) intimately admixing said first and said second sprayed fractions, (iv) suspending the resulting admixture in water or an aqueous medium, and then (v) drying the resulting suspension, e.g., by atomization.