Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to measurement and classification of tissue structures in samples using a combination of light imaging and spectroscopy, in particular although not necessarily exclusively for detection of tumors such as basal cell carcinoma or breast tumors in tissue samples. Embodiments disclosed include a method of automatically identifying tissue structures in a sample, the method comprising the steps of: measuring (1702, 1703) a response of an area of the sample to illumination with light; identifying (1704) regions within the area having a measured response within a predetermined range; determining (1705) locations within the identified regions; performing (1706) spectroscopic analysis of the sample at the determined locations; and identifying (1707) a tissue structure for each region from the spectroscopic analysis performed on one or more locations therein.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to measurement and classification of tissue structures in samples using a combination of light imaging and spectroscopy, in particular although not necessarily exclusively for detection of tumours such as basal cell carcinoma or breast tumours in tissue samples. Embodiments disclosed include a method of automatically identifying tissue structures in a sample, the method comprising the steps of: measuring (1702, 1703) a response of an area of the sample to illumination with light; identifying (1704) regions within the area having a measured response within a predetermined range; determining (1705) locations within the identified regions; performing (1706) spectroscopic analysis of the sample at the determined locations; and identifying (1707) a tissue structure for each region from the spectroscopic analysis performed on one or more locations therein.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: Molecules are provided for inducing or facilitating exon skipping in forming spliced mRNA products from pre-mRNA molecules in cells. The molecules may be provided directly as oligonucleotides or expression products of vectors that are administered to a subject. High rates of skipping can be achieved. High rates of skipping reduce the severity of a disease like Duchene Muscular Dystrophy so that the disease is more like Becker Muscular Dystrophy. This is a severe reduction in symptom severity and mortality.

Abstract: The data classification apparatus and method is adapted to high-dimensional classification problems and provide a universal measure of confidence that is valid under the iid assumption. The method employs the assignment of strangeness values to classification sets constructed using classification training examples and an unclassified example. The strangeness values of p-values are compared to identify the classification set containing the most likely potential classification for the unclassified example. The measure of confidence is then computed on the basis of the strangeness value of the classification set containing the second most likely potential classification.

Abstract: The transductive confidence machine consists of data labelling apparatus which is capable of identifying for an unknown example, a range of most suitable labels from an infinite number of potential labels. The method identifies a range of possible label sets having a strangeness value below a certain pre-determined strangeness threshold, without pre-calculating the strangeness value of all of the possible label sets. The label sets each comprise training labelled examples and at least one unlabelled example, in each of the label sets each unlabelled example being associated with a different one of an infinite number of potential labels. The apparatus and method enable a mode of inference known as transductive inference, in which the labelling of every new unlabelled example is done independently.