Abstract: A melt-solidified substance includes melt-solidified portions formed by welding, build-up spray welding, metallizing or fusing. The melt-solidified portions have the alloy composition containing Zr: 0.0005 to 0.05 mass %, P: 0.01 to 0.34 mass %, Cu: the remainder and satisfying the relationship between the contents of P and Zr, [P]/[Zr]=0.3 to 20, and the mean grain size in the macrostructure after melt-solidification is 300 ?m or less. If Fe and/or Ni are contained in the melt-solidified portion as inevitable impurities, the content of Fe or Ni is restricted to be 0.3 mass % or less when either Fe or Ni is contained, and the total content of Fe and Ni is restricted to be 0.4 mass % or less when both Fe and Ni are contained.

Abstract: A Sn-containing copper alloy, contains Sn: 0.01 to 16 mass %, Zr: 0.001 to 0.049 mass %, P: 0.01 to 0.25 mass %, and Cu: remainder; satisfying f0=[Cu]?0.5[Sn]?3[P]=61 to 97, f1=[P]/[Zr] 0.5 to 100, f2=3[Sn]/[Zr]=30 to 15000 and f3=3[Sn]/[P]=3 to 2500 (the content of element ‘a’ is represented as [a] mass %). ? and ?-phases and/or ?-phase are included and the total content of the ? and ?-phases and/or ?-phase reaches 90% or more by area ratio, and the mean grain size of the macrostructure during melt-solidification is 300 ?m or less.

Abstract: A copper alloy casting with excellent machinability, strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance contains Sn: 0.5 to 15 mass %; Zr: 0.001 to 0.049 mass %; P: 0.01 to 0.35 mass %; one or more elements selected from Pb: 0.01 to 15 mass %, Bi: 0.01 to 15 mass %, Se: 0.01 to 1.2 mass %, and Te: 0.05 to 1.2 mass %; and Cu: 73 mass % or more serving as a remainder. In this case, f1=[P]/[Zr]=0.5 to 100, f2=3[Sn]/[Zr]=300 to 15000, and f3=3[Sn]/[P]=40 to 2500 (the content of an element ‘a’ is expressed as [a] mass %). The total content of ?, ? and ?-phases is 95% or more, and the mean grain size is 300 ?m or less.

Abstract: A fish cultivation net 3 has a rhombically netted form made by arranging a large number of waved wires 6 in parallel such that the adjacent wires are entwined with each other at their curved portions 6a. The wires 6 has a composition containing 62 to 91 mass % of Cu, 0.01 to 4 mass % of Sn, and the balance being Zn. The Cu content [Cu] and the Sn content [Sn] in terms of mass % satisfy the relationship 62?[Cu]?0.5[Sn]?90. The copper alloy material has a phase structure including an ? phase, a ? phase, and a 8 phase and the total area ratio of these phases is 95 to 100%.

Abstract: A copper-based alloy casting includes 69 to 88% of Cu, 2 to 5% of Si, 0.0005 to 0.04% of Zr, 0.01 to 0.25% of P by mass, and a remainder including Zn and inevitable impurities, and satisfies 60?Cu?3.5×Si?3×P?71. Further, mean grain size after melt-solidification is 100 ?m or less, and ?, ? and ?-phases occupy more than 80% of phase structure. Furthermore, the copper-based alloy casting according to the invention can further include at least one element selected from a group consisting of 0.001 to 0.2% of Mg, 0.003 to 0.1% of B, 0.0002 to 0.01% of C, 0.001 to 0.2% of Ti and 0.01 to 0.3% of rare earth element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copper alloy. The copper alloy consists essentially of Cu : 69 to 88 mass %, Si : 2 to 5 mass %, Zr: 0.0005 to 0.04 mass %, P : 0.01 to 0.25 mass %, and Zn : balance; has relation of, in terms of a content of an element a, [a] mass %, f0=[Cu]?3.5[Si]?3[P]=61 to 71, f1=[P]/[Zr]=0.7 to 200, f2=[Si]/[Zr]=75 to 5000, and f3=[Si]/[P]=12 to 240; has a metal structure that contains ? phase and, K phase and/or ? phase, and has relation of, in terms of a content of a phase b, [b]%, in an area rate, f4=[?]+[?]+[K]?85 and f5=[?]+[K]+0.3[?]?[?]=5 to 95; and has an average grain diameter of 200 ?m or less in a macrostructure when melted and solidified.

Abstract: Copper alloy casting contains Cu: 58-72.5 mass %; Zr: 0.0008-0.045 mass %; P: 0.01-0.25 mass %; one or more elements selected from Pb: 0.01-4 mass %, Bi: 0.01-3 mass %, Se: 0.03-1 mass %, and Te: 0.05-1.2 mass %; and Zn: a remainder, wherein [Cu]?3[P]+0.5([Pb]+[Bi]+[Se]+[Te])=60-90, [P]/[Zr]=0.5-120, and 0.05[?]+([Pb]+[Bi]+[Se]+[Te])=0.45-4 (the content of an element ‘a’ is denoted as [a] mass %; the content of ? phase is denoted as [?]% by area ratio; and an element ‘a’ that is not contained is denoted as [a]=0). The total content of ? phase and ? phase is 85% or more, ? phase content is 25% or less by area ratio, and mean grain size in the macrostructure during melt-solidification is 250 ?m or less.

Abstract: The free-cutting copper alloy according to the present invention contains a greatly reduced amount of lead in comparison with conventional free-cutting copper alloys, but provides industrially satisfactory machinability. The free-cutting alloys comprise 71.5 to 78.5 percent, by weight, of copper, 2.0 to 4.5 percent, by weight, of silicon, 0.005 percent up to but less than 0.02, by weight, of lead, and the remaining percent, by weight, of zinc.