Abstract: The present application discloses a system for determining document boundaries inc1uding an image sensor, a backing opposed to the sensor, and an image processor. The image processor analyzes candidate edges imaged from a document between the sensor and the backing. The image processor determines which candidate edges are document boundaries.

Abstract: A method for cutting apart a glass substrate is provided whereby scribing of the glass substrate is possible without being affected by the presence or thickness of a deposited film formed thereon and without scratching the deposited film. To treat a glass substrate having a deposited film, such as a thin film or resin film, formed on one surface thereof, there are provided a shaving device, which is a blade that removes strip-shaped portions of the deposited film to expose strip-shaped regions on the glass substrate, and a wheel cutter that forms scribed lines along the strip-shaped regions exposed on the glass substrate. The glass substrate is cut apart along the scribed lines.

Abstract: An image capturing module according to the present invention includes a holder member, which accommodates therein a focusing lens for forming an image of a subject light on an image capturing chip attached on a substrate and is attached to the substrate to cover the image capturing chip, where the holder member is directly supported on a surface of the image capturing chip.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to manage reference movies using an index file, without causing the user to be perplexed the reference movies are generated because of, for instance, the upper limit of the file size. The index file manages sets of information regarding the files being managed. Examples of these sets of information are information for determining whether or not a file is presented to the user, information for determining whether or not a file is original, and information indicating whether or not nondestructive editing has been done. Based on such information, the erasure, displaying a list, and so on are carried out. Thus, it is possible to manage the reference movies using the index file, without causing the user to be perplexed.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention transmits to a mail server a notification email inquiring to a client apparatus of an address whether encrypted data is to be received, and if a reply email is received from the mail server in response to the notification email, wherein the reply email is sent from the client apparatus of the address and indicates to receive the encrypted data, and a password is assigned to the received reply email, the image processing apparatus encrypts data using the password, attaches the encrypted data to an email to be sent to the address, and transmits the email to the mail server.

Abstract: A sensor module according to the present invention includes an autofocus control section for moving the lens section in a predetermined direction from a reference point to a plurality of predetermined moving points consecutively by the driving section, calculating a focal point evaluation value, which increases as a lens is focused, for every moving point from image information based on an image signal from the image capturing element, obtaining a peak point that corresponds to a peak value of each calculated focal point evaluation value, and subsequently, returning the lens section once to the reference point, and move the lens section in the predetermined direction from the returned reference point to the peak point.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for personal electronic document management are provided. The system includes a multifunction peripheral having an interface module connected thereto. The interface module includes a processor circuit with instructions for manipulating electronic files. The interface is configured to be capable of creating, modifying and accessing a personal document container. The personal document container is an XML Paper Specification (XPS) File.

Abstract: A holding member has holders each holding one end of each of a plurality of parallelly drivable tube lamps and supplying electric power, outputted from a power source device, to the tube lamps. The holding member has buffer sections arranged to buffer thermal stress in the direction in which the tube lamps are arranged. With the holding member, the effect of the buffer section suppresses deformation of the tube lamps occurring in the direction in which the lamps are arranged, so that there is no possibility of lamp breakage due to repeatedly occurring deformation of the tube lamps.

Abstract: A color filter substrate in which the heights of columnar spacers can be arbitrarily controlled by a simple manufacturing process, and a liquid crystal display device including such a color filter substrate are provided. The color filter substrate includes a transparent substrate, a light-shield layer and a color filter layer provided on the transparent substrate, columnar spacers sticking out of the transparent substrate, and a protrusion to control the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. The color filter layer includes first, second and third color filters transmitting light rays in different colors. The columnar spacers include first and second types of columnar spacers with different heights. Each spacer of the first type includes a first lower structure, including at least one layer made of the same film as at least one of the first, second and third color filters and the light-shield layer, and a first upper structure, including a layer made of the same film as the protrusion.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a memory cell array including memory cells arranged in matrix each having a selective transistor and a variable resistance element having an electric resistance changed from a first state to a second state by applying a first write voltage and from the second state to the first state by applying a second write voltage. A first write current for a first writing operation to change the electric resistance from the first state to the second state is larger than a second write current for a second writing operation to change it from the second state to the first state. A second memory cell number of memory cells subjected to the second writing operation at a time is greater than a first memory cell number of memory cells subjected to the first writing operation at a time. At least the second memory cell number is plural.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device and a display device which include a circuit element capable of improving performances and a circuit element capable of increasing a withstand voltage on the same substrate and which can improve the reliability.

Abstract: A reflection-type display device 200 includes: an active switch layer 201s including a plurality of switching elements 201t; a plurality of pixel electrodes 207 each connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of switching elements 201t; a reflective layer 205 formed between the active switch layer 201s and the plurality of pixel electrodes 207; and a modulation layer 213 provided at a side of the pixel electrodes 207 facing a viewer, the modulation layer 213 being capable of switching between a first state and a second state of respectively different optical characteristics. The reflective layer 205 is connected to neither the plurality of switching elements 201t nor the plurality of pixel electrodes 207.

Abstract: A zoom lens in the present invention is composed of a first lens group G1 having a fixed distance from the image plane side and negative refracting power, a second lens group G2 having positive refracting power and moving during zooming, a third lens group G3 having positive refracting power and moving during zooming, and a fourth lens group G4 having a fixed distance from the image plane side and positive refracting power. The first, the second, the third and the fourth lens groups G1-G4 are arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side. The third lens group G3 includes an aperture stop s, a lens 13 having positive refracting power and a lens 14 having negative refracting power, being arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side. The zoom lens is high performance and large in zoom ratio and is compact due to the simple structure.

Abstract: A thin film circuit substrate is provided with a voice-output-section driving section, formed of a thin film layer on an insulative substrate, for driving a voice output section. An antisurge section, provided on a wiring between the voice-output-section driving section and an output terminal section thereof, includes an antisurge element. When a surge voltage is applied to the wiring, the antisurge element, monolithically formed on the thin film circuit substrate, connects the wiring to the ground so as to pass a current (surge current), generated by the surge voltage applied to the wiring, to the ground. This makes it possible to provide a thin film circuit substrate which is monolithically provided with a function which can protect a circuit section when a voltage exceeding a predetermined range is applied to the wiring linking the circuit section with an input terminal section or an output terminal section.

Abstract: A viewing angle control element of the present invention contains transparent regions 23 having a transmittance T1 and light shield regions 24 capable of switching between a transmittance T2 and a transmittance T3 which is less than T1 and T2 according to an external signal. Each of the transparent regions 23 and the light shield regions 24 is positioned opposite to one of pixels. Displays are produced at or close to the original brightness of the image display element in wide viewing angle mode, whereas in narrow viewing angle mode, light transmission is limited to achieve narrow viewing angles. This is in contrast with other viewing angle control elements which produce displays at or close to the original brightness of the image display element in narrow viewing angle mode, whereas in wide viewing angle mode, light is diffused or otherwise modified to achieve wide viewing angles.

Abstract: In the non-volatile semiconductor memory in which an N-type source diffusion layer and an N-type drain diffusion layer are formed on a P-type well formed on a substrate: the source diffusion layer has a protrusion portion and a depressed portion on a cross section taken along a plane that includes (a) a straight line extending along a direction of extension of the source diffusion layer and (b) a normal line of the semiconductor substrate, and the source diffusion layer is formed of a series of (a) an upper-wall layer constituting the protrusion portion, (b) a lower-wall layer constituting the depressed portion, and (c) a side-wall layer between the upper-wall layer and the lower-wall layer; a silicide is formed to cover the upper-wall layer, the lower-wall layer, and the side-wall layer, and an insulating layer is formed to cover the silicide; and a distance d between (a) an interface between the insulating layer and the silicide formed on the upper-wall layer and (b) an interface between the insulating laye

Abstract: An image forming device includes a first carriage path for carrying paper stored in a paper feeding tray to a printer, there is a second carriage path for carrying paper stored in a second paper feeding tray to the printer. The first carriage path and the second carriage path individually carry a paper to the printer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a paper separation claw disposed near the surface of at least one of fixing rollers that fix toner on recording paper transported in a sandwiched manner, the paper separation claw being disposed in order to separate the recording paper, and a cavity portion that is open facing the surface of the fixing roller is formed in the paper separation claw.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus of the present invention includes: a signal correction means which corrects, in an RGB color space, RGB tone data which is RGB image data; and a comparison section which compares (i) a tonal value of a white point which is neither an origin nor maximum tonal values of R, G, and B in the RGB color space, and where tonal values of R, G, and B are identical to one another, with (ii) respective tonal values of R, G, B of the RGB tone data. (A) In case where the tonal values of R, G, and B are determined to be larger than the white point, the signal correction means corrects the tonal values of R, G, and B to be close to the white point. (B) In case where the tonal values of R, G, and B of the RGB tone data is determined to be smaller than the white point, the signal correction section corrects they tonal values of R, G, and B of the RGB tone data to be away from the white point.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display which employs an active matrix substrate including a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix on a substrate and reflecting electrodes formed in the pixels, respectively. The method comprises (a) a laminated conductive film formation step of sequentially forming a conductive metal film and an amorphous transparent conductive film on a substrate to form a laminated conductive film and (b) a reflecting electrode formation step of patterning the laminated conductive film into a reflecting electrode, wherein the step (b) includes a first etching step of etching the conductive metal film and the amorphous transparent conductive film simultaneously and a second etching step of etching the amorphous transparent conductive film only.