Abstract: A nozzle which can be used repeatedly for the supply of liquid metal is made up of individual, hollow, refractory sections fitted together side by side in a metal frame. The hollow elements of the nozzle may feature, in addition to at least one longitudinal channel for the supply of liquid metal, channels to accommodate heating elements also running in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A cathode pot for the electrolytic production of aluminum has composite bodies which line the sidewalls of the steel shell and are bonded to the carbon floor elements such that a seal is formed. The inner side of the said composite is of carbonaceous material and the outer side of a hard ceramic material. This conducts the electric current poorly but conducts heat well, is resistant to molten aluminum and the prevailing atmosphere of the process, and has a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to that of carbon.The intimate joining together of the two sides permits almost unhindered flow of heat from inside to outside.The composite bodies are manufactured in layers, mechanically compacted and baked or graphitized in packing powder.

Abstract: A machine for continuously casting metal features a caterpillar type mold with a mold link which bears a plate forming the actual mold workface. At least one of the long edges of this plate is chamfered towards the mold workface. As a result thermal expansion occurring during operation of the machine is taken into account so that the work face of the mold is not deformed.

Abstract: Compressed air is introduced into a feed pipe system for transporting powdery or granular material in order to promote dense flow conditions. Variable or fixed size restrictions with decreasing size of blocking surface in the direction of the material flow equalize the amount of air entering the feed pipe along its entire length. The compressed air is introduced into the feed pipe through porous materials positioned at least in the region of the restrictions.

Abstract: A metal frame assembly for windows or doors, comprising at least two sections that are joined together via an insulating strip, wherein the insulating strip is provided with a channel to accommodate a seal.

Abstract: A carbon paste for self-calcining electrodes, refractory linings and connections of electrode joining points contains as binder bitumen comprising 70-90 wt-% hard bitumen and 10-30 wt-% soft bitumen. To increase the dry residue of the bitumen and to improve the burning-off properties of the mass, 0.3-2 weight percent of additives can be added, in particular Al, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, B, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, Si and/or SiO.sub.2. The production of the carbon paste is such that the solid fraction is mixed at 130.degree.-180.degree. C. to a homogeneous mass then the hard bitumen, followed by the soft bitumen added slowly in a highly fluid form accompanied by intensive stirring. The paste is then intensively mixed further and cooled after removing from the mixer.

Abstract: A vehicle body for railcars having endwalls and sidewalls of hollow metal sections connecting a roof and a floor comprises a floor having a first intermediate floor consisting of two portions extending from the endwalls toward each other, a second lower floor connected to the two extending portions and a third upper floor over the second floor wherein a plurality of triangular-shaped side plates connect the second lower floor and the third upper floor to the two extending portions at the corner of the side plates so as to uniformly distribute longitudinal forces to the floor while preventing the transfer of longitudinal forces to the sidewalls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing calcined aluminum fluoride, AlF.sub.3, from aluminum fluoride hydrate, especially aluminum fluoride trihydrate, AlF.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O, by drying and calcining. It is characterized in that(1) the hydrate is pre-dried or pre-calcined,(2) the pre-dried or pre-calcined hydrate is freed of the fine portion and(3) is totally dehydrated and calcined.The advantage of the method lies in the prevention of adhesions on the walls of the calcining apparatus, which restrict transmission of heat, which hitherto made continuous operation impossible, and in the increase of the purity of the product produced.A variation of method lies in the fact the fine component arising from the second method step is prepared into a coarser material, possibly added again to the product of the second method step which is free of fine component, and according to the third step of the method is dehydrated and calcined.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing clad strip is such that a core strip, in particular a metal core strip, is fed to a roll gap formed by at least two rolls and is clad at least on one side by a cladding strip. In the course of the said process the cladding strip is attached to the core strip by mechanical deformation before reaching the roll gap. This takes place most usefully when a hot core strip (e.g. aluminum strip at 400.degree.-600.degree. C.) is to be clad with a cold cladding strip (e.g. aluminum strip at 20.degree.-70.degree. C.). A corresponding device for manufacturing clad strip is such that the core strip, before it enters the roll gap, is engaged above and/or below by an attachment roll, and the cladding strip is introduced between the core strip and the attachment roll.

Abstract: A ceramic foam material and process for making same having superior strength and durability properties wherein the impregnated foam impregnated with an alumina hydrate binder is fired at an elevated temperature so as to produce a ceramic body characterized by a solid state, sintered ceramic bond.

Abstract: Metal strips or foils more than 800 mm wide are brought to an end temperature of 100.degree.-300.degree. C. by stepwise heating. The strips or foils are deflected at an angle (.alpha.) of 15.degree.-150.degree. C. over 2 to 6 rolls set at increasing temperatures in the direction of throughput, at least the last roll having a double outer layer that can be heated, and the last roll being set at the final, desired temperature. The increases in temperature from one roll to the next lie between 20.degree. and 70.degree. C., preferably between 50.degree. and 60.degree. C. Usefully all the increases are the same. The process according to the invention is employed in the manufacture of composites and in the laminating and lacquering or painting of metal strips or foils.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing thin strip or foil of aluminum of at least 99.9% purity is such that, after casting, the cast material is rolled to final thickness at temperatures between 20.degree. and 420.degree. C., whereby at thicknesses below at least 8 times the final thickness no intermediate anneals are performed and rolling is carried out at temperatures no higher than 250.degree. C. After a recrystallizing final anneal at temperatures between 480.degree. and 640.degree. C. the material exhibits mainly cube texture.

Abstract: A device for contact-free measurement of the temperature at the surface of a workpiece, in particular aluminum strips and sections, and/or for determining and/or measuring the shape of a workpiece, in particular dimension or shape or the like includes, a measuring pin which has a central bore resides in a housing and is directed at the workpiece. The workpiece is jetted with compressed gas emerging from the central bore. The measuring pin in the housing can be moved in the direction x and maintains a specific distance s from the surface of the workpiece as a result of a negative pressure created by the compressed gas between the base of the measuring pin and the workpiece surface. Situated in the bore and at the base of the measuring pin are thermocouples which transmit their measured values to a registering unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing calcined aluminum fluoride, AlF.sub.3, from aluminum fluoride hydrate, especially aluminum fluoride trihydrate, AlF.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O, by drying and calcining. It is characterized in that(1) the hydrate is pre-dried or pre-calcined,(2) the pre-dried or pre-calcined hydrate is freed of the fine portion and(3) is totally dehydrated and calcined.The advantage of the method lies in the prevention of the adhesions on the walls of the calcining apparatus, which restrict transmission of heat, which hitherto made continuous operation impossible, and in the increase of the purity of the product produced.A variation of method lies in the fact the fine component arising from the second method step is prepared into a coarser material, possibly added again to the product of the second method step which is free of fine component, and according to the third step of the method is dehydrated and calcined.

Abstract: The drive system for cells for fused salt electrolytic production of aluminum is supplied with compressed air via a compressed air network with compressor and compressed air reservoir. It comprises at least one working cylinder with piston and piston rod, a slide valve situated after the junction from the compressed air network, compressed air pipes and a microprocessor. During the thrust movement in the normal work cycle, the working cylinder forms a circuit together with a 5/2 channeling valve, a 3/2 channeling valve and the related compressed air pipelines; the said circuit is fed compressed air via a pressure reducing valve and the compressed air pipeline running from it. By briefly switching over the 5/2 channeling valve normal pressure can be employed and the positive chamber of the working cylinder evacuated, as a result of which the thrusting force supplied by the system can be greatly increased.

Abstract: A process and nozzle for the continuous casting of molten metal to the mold of a caterpillar track type mold wherein the distance of the nozzle from the moving mold belts is regulated during the casting operation by altering the temperature at a plurality of places inside the nozzle body and/or by creating a pressurized gas cushion at a plurality of locations between the nozzle and the moving mold belts. The nozzle for feeding molten metal to the mold includes heating elements for altering the temperature of the nozzle and, if desired, at least one gas channel for forming a gas cushion between the nozzle and the moving mold belts.

Abstract: The thermally insulated cell comprises: a trough with a steel shell which is surrounded by an outer wall, is lined with a material which is resistant to electrolyte and high temperatures, and is closed by a lid; an electrolyte based on alkali chlorides; segregation wells for the addition of aluminum which is to be purified and for the precipitation of impurity crystals; a supply means which is used to feed-in electrolyte material and is also conceived as a waste gas extractor; a collection and run-off system for the high purity aluminum. Provided in the interior of the cell are bipolar electrode units which are connected electrically in series and are arranged immersed in the electrolyte parallel to the end electrodes. The electrode units comprise graphite frames closed and sealed off by a diaphragm plate, which can be wet by the electrolyte but not by the aluminum. The interpolar distance between the inner side of the diaphragm plate and the cathodic graphite frame is preferably 10-25 mm.

Abstract: A bearing device for wheel axles, in particular for the axles of a railway car bogie, is such that a bearing housing encloses a wheel bearing comprising an inner ring fitted on the axle and an outer ring with rollers, balls or the like between the said rings, the inner ring being held securely in place by a nut screwed on to the said axle. Energy storage means, to accommodate forces acting on the wheel bearing in the operating position, are provided between the wheel bearing and the bearing housing.

Abstract: An exchangeable solid cathode such that its average density is less than that of the molten aluminum, as a result of which the said cathode floats projecting into the electrolyte from below. At least three vertical, electrically insulating spacers are attached to the work face of the cathode and, due to the upthrust on the floating cathode, press against the work face of the related anode. The said floating cathode also features stabilizing positioning facilities at the side which insure proper lateral positioning of the cathode.

Abstract: Granular solid particles, in particular hard, comminuted material of any given shape, are kept continuously in relative movement in a funnel-shaped container by means of a stream of liquid whereby they are rounded off. The rounded-off particles are suitable as filler material for wear-resistant coatings.