Abstract: A multi-plane imaging system for imaging multiple reflection planes of a regular or irregular shaped three-dimensional (3D) specimen having top, side and bottom views simultaneously. The system includes an inverted watertight pyramid well having at least four reflective side surfaces for reflecting the specimen side views, wherein each of the at least four reflective sides surfaces define an angle, ?, relative to the base horizontal plane, and wherein each reflective side surface comprises a plurality of reflective zones; A specimen is positioned horizontally equidistant from the at least four reflective side surfaces and positioned vertically from the base horizontal plane a predetermined vertical distance; wherein the predetermined vertical distance, the at least four reflective side surfaces, and the angle ? comprise a reflection image plane for reflecting the specimen bottom views.

Abstract: The invention relates, in part, to compounds, compositions, and methods to assess characteristics of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS) polypeptides and also to methods of modulating MAVS polypeptide characteristics. In addition, the invention relates, in part, to assays to assess characteristics of polypeptides.

Abstract: Methods and compounds useful to treat drug-induced diseases and conditions are provided. Methods of administering one or more MCJ-inhibiting compounds to decrease MCJ polypeptide activity in cells, tissues, and/or subjects as a treatment for a drug-induced disease or condition are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in female subjects. Diagnosis and treatment of such anxiety disorders are based, in part, on an analysis of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression levels in tissue collected from female subjects.

Abstract: The invention includes, in part, methods and compounds for treating diseases and conditions characterized by elevated threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) activity, which include, but are not limited to diseases and conditions in which angiogenesis is elevated as compared to normal. In some embodiments of the invention, a level of a TARS molecule is determined and compared to a control level of TARS to assess a treatment for a disease or condition characterized by elevated TARS activity.

Abstract: The invention includes, in part, methods and compounds for diagnosing diseases and conditions characterized by altered threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) activity, which include, but are not limited to diseases and conditions in which angiogenesis is altered. In some embodiments of the invention, a level of a TARS molecule is determined and compared to a control level of TARS to assess onset, progression, and/or regression of a disease or condition associated with altered TARS activity.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to inhibitors of DUOX1. In some aspects, an inhibitor may be applied to a subject having or being at risk for asthma or other conditions. The inhibitor may be applied by various techniques, such as pulmonary or topical delivery. In some embodiments, the inhibitor may include a peptide or other moiety having a reactive electrophile. The reactive electrophile can target cysteine or other residues within DUOX1 to inhibit its activity, e.g., by covalently binding to the residue. Other non-limiting examples of suitable inhibitors include hydroxynonenal, curcumin, sulforaphane, cinnamaldehyde, dimethyl fumarate, or phenyl vinyl sulfonate. Other aspects of the invention are generally directed to methods of making or using such inhibitors, kits involving such inhibitors, devices or formulations containing such inhibitors, or the like.

Abstract: The invention includes, in part, methods and compounds for treating diseases and conditions characterized by reduced threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) activity, which include, but are not limited to diseases and conditions in which angiogenesis is reduced as compared to normal. In some embodiments of the invention, a level of a TARS molecule is determined and compared to a control level of TARS to assess a treatment for a disease or condition characterized by reduced TARS activity.

Abstract: The invention includes, in part, methods and compounds for treating diseases and conditions characterized by elevated threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) activity, which include, but are not limited to diseases and conditions in which angiogenesis is elevated as compared to normal. In some embodiments of the invention, a level of a TARS molecule is determined and compared to a control level of TARS to assess a treatment for a disease or condition characterized by elevated TARS activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for regulation of GSK3? activity. The invention provides phosphorylated GSK3? polypeptides and antibodies that recognize such polypeptides. The invention further includes methods for treating disorders that are associated with elevated or reduced GSK3? activity.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for treating certain oxidative stress conditions. In one aspect, compositions and methods of the invention can be used to treat a subject having an oxidative stress condition, for example, a subject having pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, an inhibitor of ERp57 (for example, thiomuscimol) and/or an inhibitor of GSTP (for example, TLK-199) may be used to treat the subject. Also provided in certain aspects of the present invention are kits for such therapies, methods for promoting such therapies, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention, in some aspects, relates to systems and methods for determining oxidized proteins, including glutathionylated proteins such as S-glutathionylated proteins. The systems and methods of the invention can be used in vitro (e.g., in cell or tissue culture) or in vivo, for example, to diagnose a person having an oxidative stress condition. For instance, in some cases, the invention can be used to spatially determine the location and/or concentration of oxidized proteins within cells and/or tissues (e.g., through visual detection). In one set of embodiments, a glutathionylated or otherwise oxidized moiety on a protein may be reacted with a detection entity, which may be, for example, fluorescent, radioactive, electron-dense, able to bind to a signaling entity or a binding partner in order to produce a signal, etc.

Abstract: Methods and products for producing an antigen specific immune response are provided. The methods involve administration of a caspase inhibitor to a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates, in part, to methods and compositions that are useful to modulate metabolic function of cells in vivo or in vitro. In some aspects the invention includes methods and/or compositions that increase metabolism in cells, tissues, organs, and/or subjects. In certain aspects the invention includes methods and/or compositions useful to decrease metabolism in cells, tissues, organs, and/or in subjects.

Abstract: The invention relates, in part, to compounds, compositions, and methods to assess molecular characteristics papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid and indicators of indolent compared to aggressive PMC of the thyroid. In addition, the invention relates, in part, to methods of assessing characteristics of microRNAs associated with PMC of the thyroid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in female subjects. Diagnosis and treatment of such anxiety disorders are based, in part, on an analysis of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression levels in tissue collected from female subjects.

Abstract: Methods and products for producing an antigen specific immune response are provided. The methods involve administration of a caspase inhibitor to a subject.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for treating certain oxidative stress conditions. In one aspect, compositions and methods of the invention can be used to treat a subject having an oxidative stress condition, for example, a subject having pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, an inhibitor of ERp57 (for example, thiomuscimol) and/or an inhibitor of GSTP (for example, TLK-199) may be used to treat the subject. Also provided in certain aspects of the present invention are kits for such therapies, methods for promoting such therapies, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates, in part, to compounds, compositions, and methods useful to treat cancer in cells and subjects. In some aspects the invention includes compounds and methods that increase chemo-sensitivity and/or reduce chemo-resistance in a cancer cell. In certain aspects the invention includes compounds and methods useful to kill cancer cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in female subjects. Diagnosis and treatment of such anxiety disorders are based, in part, on an analysis of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression levels in tissue collected from female subjects.