Abstract: In an optical heterodyne or homodyne receiver an optical system (140) is used in which the local oscillator beam (L) is combined with the signal beam (S). Simultaneously, these beams are split into orthogonally polarized sub-beams. For this purpose the optical system (140) comprises polarization-sensitive beam-splitting layers (141a and 141b) and neutral beam-splitting layers (142a and 142b) which function as beam-combining elements. In order to align the directions of the exit sub-beams of the signal beam (.sub.11, S.sub.12, S.sub.2, S.sub.22) and the local oscillator beam (L.sub.11, L.sub.12, L.sub.21, L.sub.22), the angles (.alpha., .beta., .gamma., .delta.) enclosed by the beam-splitting faces are chosen to be such that two angles located opposite each other have a combined magnitude of 180.degree.. This is realised by providing the layers (141a, 142b and 141b, 142a) on side faces of one prism (140a, 140b).

Abstract: A plurality of sequences act on an examination zone in the presence of a uniform, steady magnetic field, each of the sequences comprising at least three RF pulses which are preferably formed as 90.degree. pulses, applying between the second and the third RF pulse and after the third RF pulse magnetic gradient fields (G.sub.x) having an amplitude and a duration such that spin resonance signals occurring after the third RF pulse are determined exclusively by double quantum coherence. Thus, spatial and spectral determination of a lactate component is simultaneously possible when it is ensured that at least one magnetic gradient field is applied between or after the three RF pulses and when the time integral over at least one of these gradient fields is varied during repetition of the sequences, the second RF pulse (HF.sub.2) being frequency selective to reduce the lipid component (L.sub.1) near the lactate component (M.sub.1) so that the nuclear magnetization of the component (M.sub.

Abstract: In a spectrometer using a two dimensional CCD array as a detector a column or a substantial part of a column of pixels is used to detect radiation of a given wavelength. The output circuit (52) of the CCD is modified by taking the drain electrode of the pixel reset transistor (T1) to the reference voltage (VR) via a further transistor (T3) which is controlled by a column reset signal applied to input (63). A further capacitor (C2) is connected in parallel with the internal binning capacitor (C1) through transistor (T1). Since the further capacitor (C2) is "off chip" it can be made much larger than the binning capacitor (C1) thus allowing a whole column of pixels to be binned enabling a reduction in read-out noise.

Abstract: A shaving apparatus is provided which comprises a housing having a shaving head carrying an external shaving member with hair-entry apertures and an internal shaving member which is coupled to a motor in the housing and which is drivable relative to the external shaving member with a combined movement, the combined movement comprising an oscillatory rotation about an axis of rotation of the internal shaving member and a reciprocating movement in the direction of the axis of rotation. The internal shaving member is provided with a support which is flexible in the direction of the axis of rotation but which is stiff in directions transverse to said direction of the axis of rotation, and the support rotatably supports an internal shaving-member holder which is coupled to the motor.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording apparatus provided with a magnetic field modulator (8). The magnetic-field modulator (8) has a field coil (18) for generating a magnetic field and switches (11,12,15,16,22) for coupling at least one terminal (17) of the magnet coil (18) to a first potential point (10) at a first potential (Vp) or a second potential point (14) at a second potential (Vn) depending on the logic value of a control signal (vs), in order to produce in the field coil an alternating current whose polarity depends on the logic value. The field coil (18) is arranged in a parallel resonant circuit (18,21). The switches have means (12,16) for inhibiting, after the terminal (17) has been uncoupled from one of the potential points (10,14), current supply from the other potential point for a time interval corresponding to half the resonant period of the resonant circuit (18,21). This magnetic-field modulator provides a very rapid reversal of the current through the field coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photocoupler comprising a light emitting element and a light receiving element, the light emitting element having a first and a second electrode in electrical contact with a first and a second contact pin, respectively, by means of which the light emitting element is fixed in position, the light receiving element having a third and a fourth electrode in electrical contact with a third and a fourth contact pin, respectively, by means of which the light receiving element is fixed in position. The light emitting element and the light receiving element are situated opposite one another and enveloped in a first solid and transparent layer, surrounded at least in part by a second solid layer provided in such a manner as to reflect the light.

Abstract: A first diaphragm arrangement is between a polychromatic X-ray radiator and an examination region for passing a primary radiation beam traversing the examination region on the generated surface of a cone. A detector arrangement comprising several detector elements receives radiation passed by the first diaphragm arrangement and a second diaphragm arrangement, which is located between the examination region and the detector arrangement and assigns to each respective detector element the scattered radiation which is scattered in a part of the primary radiation beam at a given scattering angle. The association between the individual sections of the primary radiation beam and the different detector elements is such that the second diaphragm arrangement has a slot-shaped opening and the shape of the slot-shaped opening and of the detector elements is adapted to the shape of a cross-section of the primary radiation beam.

Abstract: A data processing system includes a multipurpose data input device formed by a touch screen and a digitizing tablet integrated with one another which are activatable independently of each other by proper stimuli. The input device is integrated with a flat panel display in order to establish a visual feedback to the user or to present information pertaining to the entered data after processing. The flat panel display, touch screen and digitizing tablet take a variety of forms and a variety of techniques are utilized to determine which of the touch screen and digitizing tablet is activated at any time.

Abstract: Vertical lines in a distorted image, which are curved by distortion, are converted to straight vertical lines in a first image period. In a subsequent image period horizontal lines in the distorted image, which are curved by the distortion, are converted into straight lines. As the correction is effected in stages, it can be performed in a relatively fast manner, and a corrected image is available after one image period.

Abstract: An integrated circuit has an internal supply voltage with a positive temperature coefficient, as a result of which the switching rate and the degree of "hot carrier stress" are less sensitive to temperature. By using a reference voltage source having positive temperature coefficient, the normal effects of increasing temperature on switching rate and "hot carrier stress" are compensated for, thus stabilizing circuit operation as a function of temperature. The reference voltage source is incorporated within a voltage converter which is already present in the circuit, to achieve a compact and efficient configuration.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor device which forms an optoelectronic switch and includes: a directional coupler structure in which one of the guides receives the input light power and the other guide is formed by multiple quantum wells, which structure is so dimensioned that in the zero-bias state the switch is in the crossover state, and switching control means.The structure includes layers which form at least one PIN structure in which the waveguide consisting of multiple quantum wells constitutes an intrinsic region I, and the control means include means for reverse-biasing of the PIN structure which supplies the negative feedback so that switching from one state to the other is initiated by a change in the level of the luminous power injected into the input waveguide.

Abstract: Paper feed rollers are in a paper supply path before a printing unit. A paper detector is between the printing unit and the paper feed rollers for sensing the presence of paper in the path. A control of the paper transport is facilitated in the paper supply direction by a movement detector before the paper feed rollers, which is driven by the transported paper and produces a number of pulses proportional to the passage length of the paper. The paper detector comprises a magnet on a rotatable lever and a fixed unipolar Hall element. The movement detector comprises a rotatable wheel having multipole magnets on its periphery and a bipolar Hall element secured to respond to the rotating magnetic poles of the wheel.

Abstract: A static RAM has for each row of cells a bit line and an inverted bit line. For allowing the current data being driven to each cell to be instantaneously stopped and for allowing the (inverted) bit line to go back to a safe non-writing condition two resettable delay chains are provided between a buffering element that has mutually logically inverse data outputs. Each chain has a first sequence of alternating inverter gate series feeding a second sequence of one or more inverters. At the end of a write cycle the gates are reset in parallel, thus shortening the delay to about that of the second sequence only. In this way operating margins are retained.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory having non-volatile memory cells which can be electrically programmed and erased by means of tunnelling current (EEPROM) with a floating-gate transistor, the cells being arranged in memory cell groups of n lines and m columns each, n cells being connected in series, which serial connection forms the bit line for the columns of a cell block, while the control gate is common to m memory cells of one line of the cell block situated next to one another and forms the word line for the line in the memory cell group. The regions (injector regions) of the n cells of a column of a memory cell group situated below the gate oxide are interconnected and thus form a programming line which is separated from the source and drain zones of the floating-gate transistors. The result is a reduction in the programming voltage to be applied, since the programming voltage applied to each cell of a column is independent of the programming condition of the cells of a column.

Abstract: A charge-coupled device includes a parallel section of parallel channels which are situated next to one another and are mutually separated by limitation zones, and a single readout register coupled thereto. The readout register is provided with clock electrodes in a multi-layer wiring system, the electrodes of the upper layer belonging to a common phase and being constructed as a continuous track which extends over the other electrodes. In the bottom wiring layer, electrodes are formed which are each associated with a limitation zone between the parallel channels and which have a length which is at most equal to the width of the limitation zones, and which also belong to a common phase, so that narrow-channel effects are avoided. The invention is of particular importance for CCD image sensors.

Abstract: An addressable memory unit has address input buffer circuits which output a pair of output connections on which, in read or write mode, two signals which are complementary to one another are present but which may also adopt equal values in such a manner as to cause a predecoder and line selector to select all or none of the selection lines controlling the cells of the memory accessed.

Abstract: A photosensitive device includes a semiconductor body (1) having a first region (2) of one conductivity type adjacent a given surface (3) of the body with a second region (4) of the opposite conductivity type surrounding the first region (2) so as to form with the first region a main pn junction (5) terminating at the given surface (3), the main pn junction (5) being reverse-biassed in operation of the device. One or more further regions (6) of the one conductivity type surround the main pn junction (5) adjacent the given surface (3) so that each further region (6) forms a photosensitive pn junction (17) with the second region (4), the further region(s) (6) lying within the spread of the depletion region of the main pn junction (5) when the main pn junction (5) is reverse-biassed in operation of the device so as to increase the breakdown voltage of the main pn junction (5).

Abstract: An ideographic teletext transmission system based on the World System Teletext specification in which ideograms are displayed in the space of two character positions in each of three display rows, the ideogram code being defined by the corresponding bytes in one, e.g. the first, of the transmission packets corresponding to the three display rows and the corresponding bytes in another of the transmission packets corresponding to the three display rows being used to define an attribute code thereby affording a non-spacing attribute facility.

Abstract: A first device region (10) of one conductivity type adjacent one major surface (1a) of a semiconductor body (1) has a relatively highly doped subsidiary region (11) spaced from the one major surface (1a) by a relatively lowly doped subsidiary region (12). A second device region (20) of the opposite conductivity type within the subsidiary region (12) has an intrinsic subsidiary region (21) and an extrinsic subsidiary region (23,24) surrounding the intrinsic subsidiary region (21) forming respective first and second pn junctions (22,25) with the relatively lowly doped subsidiary region (12). A third device region (30) of the one conductivity type is formed within the intrinsic subsidiary region (21) surface (1a).

Abstract: A dust separator (1, 2) is provided for removing particles from a gas, provided with a centrifuge (3) which is rotatable about a central axis and which comprises at least two centrifuge chambers (7, 9). A first centrifuge chamber (7) is connected at one side to a gas inlet (11) and an opposing other side to a gas reversal chamber (13) which in its turn is connected to a second centrifuge chamber (9) which comprises a filter (17) and which concentrically surrounds the first centrifuge chamber (7).