Abstract: A blow lance for treating molten metal comprising a concentric metal pipe structure enclosed within a ceramic covering with a space defined between the pipe structure and the covering. A layer of heat-resistant elastic fibrous material, excluding a binder, is positioned in the space. Ducting means forming coolant ducts are located between the concentric pipes.

Abstract: The control specimen according to the invention consists of a metal basic body and artificial inclusions arranged in it, where the inclusions are suitably sintered, non-metallic configurations arranged according to size and distribution conforming to the purpose of the test. During production of the control specimens at least one layer is formed with metal melt, into which inclusion, inclusions is/are inserted conforming to the shape and arrangement of the required fault location or locations. It is practicable to form at least one further upper layer from the metal melt inclusions. Further inclusions may be arranged in the top layer and in given case further top layers are formed with or without inclusions. The artificial defects can be produced either by forming cavities into the layer after solidification and cooling, and inserting the inclusion(s) into the appropriate cavity or cavities, or spreading them into the layer-forming metal melt before solidification.

Abstract: The converter according to the invention allows such measuring process during which only the force to be measured participates in the conversion of force to electric signal, the point of application of which is definitely fixed and displacement of the point of application as a result of deformation brought about by the force-effect takes place without the development of additional forces and additional stress fields. Thus the converter has fitting surfaces allowing axial displacement and/or turn around a point between the part receiving the force to be measured and the measuring sensor, while the part transferring the reaction force is rigidly clamped. Suitably an elastic layer absorbing the kinetic energy is arranged between the part receiving the force to be measured and the measuring sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of contaminating chemical elements from pig-iron, steel and other metals and metal alloys in course of the refining process with oxygen blast, as well as for accelerating hydrometallurgical processes.The essence of the process lies in that quantity of free oxygen radicals and temperature of smelting bath are controlled.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of silicon-base complex ferrous alloys from cheap raw materials by preparing a charge with a high electric resistance and reducing the same in an electric arc furnace. A charge is assembled which contains the total amount of carbon in a 0.82 to 0.99-fold quantity of that required to reduce all oxides of the charge to elements and achieving this carbon content by preparing pellets which, in addition to the binding material, contain(a) as oxide to be reduced in an amount of at least 50% by weight such oxides of only base-forming or only amphoteric or only acid-forming elements which form with each other compounds or eutectics melting above 1600.degree. C., and(b) a carbonaceous reducing agent and/or carbides in such an amount that the quantity of carbon is either 1.05 to 1.35 times higher than required to transform the oxides of the pellet to the carbides or 0.66 to 0.

Abstract: An electromechanical measuring converter pin, particularly for measuring forces having varying influence lines, the pin has a pair of two opposite cylindrical and flat surfaces (2,3). The points or lines of application of the force and reaction force (4,5) are on the cylindrical surfaces (3). Recesses (7,8) are machined along the full length of both flat surfaces parallel with and extending over the geometric axis (6) of the pin, the walls of the recesses are parallel with each other and, at least two deformation sensors (9,10,11,12) connected to a measuring bridge (13) are arranged on the flat surfaces opposite the respective recesses starting from the given flat surface (2).