Abstract: A method is provided for manufacture of an electronically synchronizable indicating instrument the pointer of which can be turned between a zero stop and a scale-end by means of a stepping motor via a multi-step gearing, wherein the stepping motor has a two-pole rotor of magnetizable material, two coils arranged perpendicular to each other, and a housing surrounding the coils, the motor being adapted to be controlled by a microprocessor. The stepping motor is assembled with a non-magnetized rotor, and the instrument includes a gear train, and a pointer having a torsion spring which acts in the direction towards full scale. In the procedure of the method, the pointer is brought to rest against the zero stop by means of a moment of rotation applied from the outside in opposition to the restoring force of the torsion spring.

Abstract: In a method and with a circuit for compensating for the temperature of inductive sensors having at least one coil from the inductance of which an output variable is formed as measure for a physical variable to be measured, a variable which is dependent on the resistance of the coil is measured and used for correction upon the forming of the output variable.

Abstract: A circuit for monitoring contact between the resistance track and the wiper of a potentiometer provides for an adjustable DC voltage which can be tapped from the wiper. An alternating voltage is applied to the wiper via a series connection of a resistor and a capacitor. The resistance is greater than the impedance formed by the capacitance of the capacitor plus one-fourth of the track resistance. Circuitry for rectifying the voltage connects to a junction point between the resistor and the capacitor.

Abstract: A method is provided for synchronizing the counter of an electronic control device with the zero position, defined by a mechanical stop, of a pointer in an indicating instrument. The pointer is driven via a step-down gearing by a stepping motor having two windings perpendicular to each other and a two-pole rotor. The two windings are connected alternately to a source of voltage and to a measuring mechanism for determining the voltage induced in a winding not traversed by current. The pointer moves stepwise up to the mechanical stop, and the counter is set to zero in the absence of an induction. The method is substantially less expensive than prior methods. Upon an assembling of the stepping motor and the indicating instrument, a given alignment of the two-pole motor is associated with the zero position of the pointer, and the rotor is brought into this given alignment each time upon the start of the method.

Abstract: A modular switching system includes a transistor operative in a switching mode for applying current to a load. Adaptation of the system to accommodate different values of load is attained by coupling an input drive ,signal to a base terminal of the transistor via a variable gain amplifier wherein the gain is established by a load-adaption signal to meet the requisite base current drive signal for the load. Plural emitter terminals of the transistor connected to separate branches of a monitoring circuit, each branch having its own threshold detector, for monitoring of minimum and maximum values of load current.

Abstract: A method for measuring the level of filling, such as the level of oil in an automotive engine, employs a hot-wire measuring device in which a hot-wire transmitter (5) is charged with a predetermined constant current, and an increase in voltage over the hot-wire transmitter is detected within a predetermined period of time. Errors due to digitizing and inaccurate calibration are avoided by the simplest possible means. For this purpose, a current source (1), which is controlled by an input voltage, is used as a source of the constant current. Furthermore, in a preparatory stage, after an assembly of the hot-wire measuring device, an input voltage (PWM) is changed until, at an input-voltage value wherein the current source (1) produces the predetermined constant current (IK). The input-voltage value is used in subsequent measuring stages to control the source of current.

Abstract: A displacement device (1) for the actuation of a displacement member (4) of a control of an internal combustion engine is disclosed having an accelerator pedal (2) and a linkage (3) which forms a mechanical connection between pedal and adjustment member, the pedal (2) and the linkage (3) together forming a force-transmission path. In such a displacement device, the plausibility verification for the relationship between the position of the pedal (2) and the position of the adjustment member (4) is to be improved. For this purpose, a force sensor (8) is arranged within the force transmission path. A memory (15) stores relationships of force to displacement of the linkage. A signal processor 10 uses data of the memory to direct a motor (13) to correct a position of a throttle valve (12) to provide a desired amount of fuel to an engine in event of a failure of the linkage.

Abstract: For the displacement of a throttle valve (1) which is rotatably mounted in the intake connection (2) of an internal combustion engine, there is provided a device with electromotive actuating drive, gearing and clutch (10) as well as electronic control device (11) with which the entire load range, in addition to the idle range, can be automatically controlled. In this connection, a couplingmember (15) is provided between the pulley (8), which is mechanically coupled to the gas pedal (6), and a first lever (13) which is rigidly attached to the throttle-valve shaft (1a).

Abstract: For the calibration of an electronic measurement system with sensors which are arranged in pairs on structural parts of an airplane undercarriage which are loaded transverse to the lengthwise direction and which give off measurement signals which correspond to the vertical displacement between two sensor attachment points which are staggered from each other in the lengthwise direction of the structural parts, the pair of sensors which form a measurement point in each case being arranged approximately in the horizontal central plane of the structural part at positions opposite each other on the outside, a method is proposed in which a separate scaling factor is determined for each sensor of the pair of sensors. For this purpose, the measurement signals and weights are preferably determined for at least two conditions of loading of the airplane which are as far apart as possible and, furthermore, in connection with at least two different torsional conditions of the loaded structural part.

Abstract: An arrangement in which at least one sensor is provided on the landing gear of an aircraft for measuring its weight and the position of its center of gravity, and in which a sensor for a measurement of shear is arranged at a measurement point formed by a pair of lugs on an axle or bogie beam. The axle (9) or bogie beam is of constant cross section above the measurement point and symmetrical to a vertical axis which lies centrally between the two lugs of a pair (10, 13 and 14, 15 respectively).

Abstract: A contact sleeve (6) for installation of a measurement movement to a printed circuit board is produced from sheet metal by rolling. The sleeve has inwardly directed projections which can be produced, for instance, by a flanging (14), and which have the function of a thread so that an attachment screw, which at the same time accomplishes an electrical contacting to the circuit board, can be screwed into the contact sleeve (6). As twist-preventing means (15), a sheet-metal lug (17) is bent obliquely outward out of the outer surface of the contact sleeve (6). Other embodiments of twist-prevention means in the form of indentations are disclosed.

Abstract: A load adjustment device has a throttle valve 9 which determines the output power of an internal combustion engine and is connected, fixed for rotation, with a throttle-valve shaft 33 mounted in the throttle-valve housing 40. The throttle valve shaft 33 has a mechanical linkage on the accelerator-pedal side, and a setting-member-like linkage side with which a setting member is operatively coupled for displacing the throttle valve 9 in idle operation. A setting member 29 is provided on its outer end with a circular-arc segment 31 which is developed as permanent magnet and cooperates with a magnet 32 which can be excited with current as desired. In this way, an electric motor and gearing can be dispensed with.

Abstract: A load adjustment device for an internal combustion engine includes a throttle valve (4) which can be acted on via a the setting element (8) on the accelerator-pedal side and, also by an electromotive setting drive (12), their movements being decoupled. In order to be able to note both the idle position of the setting element (8) and a driver's wish for "idle" and, furthermore, the actual position value of the electromotive setting drive (12) for a position control circuit and the throttle-valve position for injection electronics, there is a drive potentiometer (25) associated with the electromotive setting drive (12). Also a throttle-valve potentiometer (24) is associated with the throttle valve (4). The drive (12) and the potentiometer (24) have a common support plate (19) which is fastened, fixed for rotation, to the drive shaft (11) of the electromotive setting drive (12).

Abstract: For a display device with scale (4), pointer (5), stepping motor (1), gearing (2) and control means (7) in which a plurality of revolutions of the stepping motor (1) corresponds to the entire display range and the control means (7) contains a step counter with reversibly unambiguous association of number of steps and display value, a possibility for the continuous adjustment of the step counter (1) with the actual pointer position is created by a coding disk (3) which is connected, fixed for rotation, with the shaft (6) of the pointer (6). The disk has a number of markings (9) arranged at different distances apart on its periphery and having a sensor (8). By a comparison of the actual number of steps with a reference number of steps stored in a table for each of the markings (9), it can be determined whether the association between number of steps and pointer position is correct or must be readjusted.

Abstract: In an evaluation circuit for a capacitive sensor, the capacitive sensor and a capacitor form a capacitive voltage divider, the end terminals of which can be fed with opposite-phase alternating voltages of the same frequency. The junction point between the capacitor and the capacitive sensor is connected, together with a tap of a voltage source of high internal resistance, to the input of an impedeance transformer. The output of the impedance transformer is connected to a synchronous demodulator to which at least one phase of the alternating voltage is fed.

Abstract: A system for the central locking of several closure points of an automotive vehicle with a remotely controlled setting member at each closure point has a central control circuit, as well as activating switches. Each switch has a neutral central position between "closed" and "open" positions at one or more closure points, by which the control circuit can be controlled for movement of all setting members in the same direction. A switch sequence of the invention provides for individual opening of a closure point by a process wherein the actuating switch must be brought into the "closed" position and then immediately into the "open" position.

Abstract: A load adjustment device is provided with a throttle valve (9) which determines the output power of an internal combustion engine and is connected, fixed for rotation, to a throttle-valve shaft (32) which is mounted in the throttle valve housing (30). The throttle-valve shaft (32) has an accelerator-pedal-side, mechanical articulation side and a setting-motor-articulation-side, with which there is associated a coupling element for the mechanical uncoupling of the throttle valve from an electric motor (14), as well as means for reporting the instantaneous position of a throttle-valve lever (21) arranged on the throttle-valve shaft (32) and of a driver element (25) to an electronic control device (17).

Abstract: A load adjustment device has a control element (9) which acts on a setting member (10). The setting member 10 determines the output of an internal combustion engine and is spring-coupled with a driver (3) which can be actuated via an accelerator pedal (1) and is furthermore moveable by means of an electric setting drive (11). A desired-value detection element (6) is associated with the driver. An actual value detection element (19) cooperates with the desired value detection element and is associated with the control element and acts on the electric setting drive. The electric setting drive is adapted to be controlled as a function of the detected values by an electronic control device (7). The control element has a first control-element part (9a) associated with the setting member and a second control-element part (9b) associated with the setting drive.

Abstract: A device for damping the intake noise in internal combustion engines employs the air intake path (1,5,6) of the diesel engine within which path there is arranged a convergent-divergent nozzle (4) wherein cross section of passage is adjustable by means of a throttle member (3) which can be displaced as a function of a loading of the engine.

Abstract: A load adjustment device is provided with a throttle valve (9) which determines the output of an internal combustion engine and is fastened, fixed for rotation, to a throttle-valve shaft (32), which is mounted in a throttle-valve housing (30). In idle operation, the throttle-valve shaft (32) is adjusted by an electric motor (14) and a four-link gearing (16) connected behind it. This includes a pinion (14) which is arranged on an output shaft of the electric motor (14) and meshes with a gear segment (50) which is connected for drive via a second link (53) to a rotor (54) which drives the throttle-valve shaft (32). Due to the advantageous arrangement of the four-link gearing (16), a very large transmission ratio can be achieved between the output shaft (40) of the electric motor 14 and the throttle-valve shaft (32), so that a very small, cost-efficient electric motor is sufficient.