Abstract: A heat exchanger for cryosurgical instruments comprises a mantle containing individual layers of a heat exchange substance, such as a heat exchange material or a heat exchange filler, an outer jacket surrounding the mantle, a contact zone within the outer jacket for receiving cooling fluid, and a heat detector in thermal contact with the outer jacket but separated by the mantle from the cooling fluid contact zone. Each of the individual layers of heat exchange substance is positioned within the mantle a spaced distance from every other individual layer, so that these individual layers of heat exchange substance are mutually separated from one another.

Abstract: Cryogenic apparatus for surgery operating with liquid cryogenic medium in a closed circuit, provided with an applicator and porous heat exchanger particularly adapted for tumor surgery, operating at an overpressure of the order of 10 kPa, with the possibility of adjustment of the cooling effect, quick response and possibility of selection of the position of the surgical instrument.