Abstract: In a transportation system for city transportation in which the cars are moved on a rail system and are brought at least part of the time into circulation from a circulating traction cable and the cars are fastened with clamps on the traction cable, stations are arranged at any given distance between the end railway stations with reversing devices for the traction cable, cars come to stand on a secondary track at the stations, and the through traffic has the ability to pass the standing cars. In the individual stations, an electronic calling system is installed which in cooperation with a central control causes a next car with a free place to seek the stations and to pick up the passenger(s), or to transfer a further car or car train into the rail system. In the cars themselves are provided station selection devices for the next stop. The secondary track is preferably arranged above or below the through rail system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shock-absorbing angle-bent coupling rod disposed for the mechanical connection of cableway cars. Preferably, the coupling rod has a bend of approximately 90 degrees and includes at least one shock-absorber and spring mechanism. In one preferred embodiment, the side of the bend in the coupling rod includes a friction vibration absorber. The vibration absorption between the individual cableway cars provided by the present invention allows such vibration to be distributed throughout the entire cableway system so that the cableway speed and traveling comfort can be increased without compromising safety.

Abstract: In a sorption bed which is formed as a fluidized bed reactor possibly with circulating fluid, or as a fixed-bed reactor, for dry waste gas or waste air, purification sorbents introduced in the dry state are contacted at a temperature range between about 30 and 130.degree. C. by the waste gas with an at least 2% oxygen content and the acidic and/or oxidizable noxious gaseous components of the waste gas are found by the sorbent. Noxious gaseous components potentially include SO.sub.x, HCl, HF, NO.sub.x, Co and also hydrocarbons. The average dwelling time of the sorbents is at least about 20 minutes, in general several hours or days, and the average grain size of sorbent is at most 125 microns. The sorbent is introduced fresh and in stoichiometric ratio, with spent sorbent being correspondingly removed. Sorbents which may be considered are primarily baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), Ca(OH).sub.2 and Mg(OH).sub.2.

Abstract: Apparatus for loading and unloading passengers from watercraft, such as for use in boat rides at amusement parks, include a substantially planar inclined platform mounted for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the platform. The platform extends obliquely to the path of the watercraft so that a section of the platform is submerged. Watercraft traveling along a predetermined path are engaged by a section of the rotating platform as it surfaces and is carried by the platform over an arcuate path as it rotates. The watercraft is disengaged from the rotating platform as the section of the platform on which it rests submerges.

Abstract: A biological conversion process is provided for degradation of sulfur-containing pollutants such as H.sub.2 S, CS.sub.2, COS, and also organic surfur compounds such as thio-alcohols, thio-ethers, and thiophenes in waste gas. A packed reactor is provided which has packing material covered with immobilized microorganisms of the family of Thiobacillaceae and which are continuously kept moist, so that metabolic products of the microorganisms are dissolved in the moisture and discharged continuously. A continuous concentration gradient for sulfate ions thereby results in the reactor or in the region of the microorganisms, these sulfate ions being neutralized in a second reactor by supplying lye (soda or potash lye) forming readily-soluble salts.

Abstract: A multi-stage, especially a two-stage mixing of two media of different viscosity, and a respective mixing nozzle provided therefor. The first medium of higher viscosity is divided into two or more partial streams. The first partial stream is passed through an injector, in which the second medium of lower viscosity is mixed in, in particular tangentially. In an adjoining mixing chamber, the second partial stream of the first medium is admixed into the flowing mixture of the first partial stream and the second medium of lower viscosity and envelops the same, preferably in an opposite or counter-twist to the flowing twist of the first mixture of the first partial stream and second medium. This is especially suitable for bleaching of cellulose with oxygen.

Abstract: Method of separating substances, notably SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x where x is 1 or 2, from cooled flue gases, such as combustion exhaust gases containing low levels of impurities of the same. The gases are contacted with at least one substantially dry particulate absorbent including NaHCO.sub.3 which, at a release temperature below 400.degree. C., decomposes to form an activated absorbent including Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 which serves to remove the harmful substances from the flowing gas.

Abstract: In order to achieve the removal of SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x together with the entrained dust from the combustion product gases discharged from the combustion chamber of a steam generator in which sulfur-containing fuel, such as for instance lignite or brown coal is being burned, NH.sub.3 and/or NaHCO.sub.3 or chemical substances which release these compounds or react with the combustion product gases to form these compounds are introduced into the already partially cooled combustion product gases in the temperature region below 500.degree. C. upstream of a dry separator, such as for instance a cloth filter. The entrained ashes are to contain CaO or Ca(OH).sub.2 and/or Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, especially from a previous desulfurization unit, prior to the introduction of the NH.sub.3 thereinto.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating at least one harmful substance such as SO.sub.2, HCl or NO.sub.x where x is 1 or 2, from combustion exhaust gases containing the same. The exhaust gases are contacted with at least one particulate adsorbent which, at a release temperature below 400.degree. C., releases at least one of water, ammonia, or carbon dioxide, for reaction with the harmful substances. This reactant leaves the adsorbent in activated condition. Thus, the reactant and activated adsorbent serve to remove harmful substances from the flowing exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method of generating a low-tar generator gas includes contacting the hot tar-containing generator gas in a contact zone with ballast bodies to cool the generator gas and capture tar and dust on the exposed surfaces of the ballast bodies, and admixing the thus heated ballast bodies to the wet solid fuel to be gasified to dry and pre-heat such fuel in preparation for the actual gasification which is performed in two separate gasification zones which are arranged one above the other by reacting the solid fuel with an oxygen-containing gasification medium that is introduced from above into the upper one, and from below into the lower one, of the gasification zones with attendant formation of two conflagration fronts in the gasification zones. The generator gas which is thus generated in the two gasification zones is discharged through a common discharge conduit which has the contact zone incorporated therein.

Abstract: Method for the continuous gasification of solid carbonaceous fuel, especially fuel having a high water content such as biomass and brown coal, in which the fuel is indirectly heated by condensing steam. Steam removed from the fuel during drying is then utilized to aid in the gasification of the same, thus producing generator gas, which is directly recovered.

Abstract: Apparatus for lining the shell of a tumbling mill and anchoring liner plates by wedge-shaped elements include a lining system including a plurality of spaced liner rings constituted by interfitted liner plates and securing rings each having a wedge-shaped cross-section and being situated between a pair of adjacent liner rings so that each liner ring is retained in position by a pair of securing rings and wherein the securing rings are fixed to the shell of the tumbling mill, such as by bolts or the like.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treating liquid dross wherein the dross is situated in a skimming trough and charged into a rotating, substantially horizontal cooling pipe through which it passes so that the dross is cooled to a temperature below the melting point thereof to obtain a granulated form, the dross is charged from the skimming tank into the cooling pipe and passed therethrough substantially in the absence of air or oxygen whereupon the cooled granulated dross is subjected to an autogenous grinding process, the ground dross then being separated into a granulated metal fraction and a fine-grained fraction. According to the apparatus of the invention, a hood is located over the inlet side of the cooling pipe so that the entrance of air into the pipe is substantially prevented. The skimming trough is sealingly engaged to the hood so that the dross is charged from the skimming trough into the cooling pipe without any substantial contact with the air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling hot bulk material in a cooling bunker by passing cooling gas streams therethrough in a manner such that the bulk material is cooled in a uniform manner while avoiding temperature fluctuations of the outflowing heated cooling gas. The cooling gas is passed through the hot bulk material in at least two gas streams, one of which is directed through a core zone of the hot bulk material and another of which is passed through a peripheral zone thereof. The flow rates of the respective cooling gas streams are regulated according to the temperature of the outflowing heated cooling gas which may be sensed by the temperature of a fluid flowing through heat exchanger over which the heated cooling gas passes.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying or cooling bulk material of the type which includes a vibratory conveyor through which the bulk material is transported includes the improvement wherein a plurality of partition members are provided in the conveyor so as to define between them a plurality of channels, the partition members preferably having fin-tube configurations whereby the same carry a thermal transfer fluid for facilitating the heat treatment of the bulk material. Apparatus for screening the fine portion of the bulk material is provided in the channels which preferably narrow in the direction in which the bulk material is transported so that the fine portion of the material receives less thermal treatment.

Abstract: Apparatus for sealing the periphery of an opening such, for example, as an opening through which bulk material is fed into a bin, a shaft opening through which hot bulk material is cooled, or an opening in a blast furnace shaft, of the type wherein a channel extends around the periphery of the opening into which a dividing wall extends whose lower end is spaced from the channel bottom so as to define a pair of adjacent channel portions which intercommunicate through the space between the lower end of the dividing wall and the channel bottom so that liquid provided in the channel at least fills the communicating space. According to the invention, a pair of external channels are provided, each of which is adjacent to and extends around one of the inner and outer sides of the peripherally extending channel, respectively, so that the latter comprises an inner channel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for filling bins with bulk material and, in particular, for filling a cooling bin with hot coke include engaging the material containing vessel with hoisting apparatus, lifting the hoisting apparatus upwardly in a vertical fixed guide and at the end of the upward movement introducing the hoisting apparatus into a vertical guide assembly, moving the vertical guide assembly and hoisting apparatus in a transverse direction over rails until the hoisting apparatus and the vessel are located vertically over the inlet opening of the bin. The hoisting apparatus and vessel are lowered until the latter is mounted on a stationary support so that upon the vessel discharge opening being opened, the contents of the vessel will be transferred to the bin.

Abstract: A tumbling mill such as a tube or ball mill, wherein an outer shell is provided with an interior liner made up of a series of rings surrounding and distributed along the axis of the shell and each defining and surrounding an interior hollow milling space which has the cross section of a star with rounded points, in a plane normal to the shell axis, with this space having sharp corners extending inwardly toward the shell axis and alternating with the rounded points.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus pertaining to reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide include the feeding of sodium sulfate into a combustion chamber in which the sodium sulfate is exposed to a reducing atmosphere while at the same time being exposed also to a temperature above the melting point of sodium sulfide. Thus, a liquid accumulates at the bottom of the combustion chamber and this liquid will of course contain a considerable amount of sodium sulfide reduced from the sodium sulfate.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating bulk material such as hot coke or coal by supplying a treating gas thereto includes a container in which the bulk material is situated during treatment thereof. A gas distributor extends into the interior of this container and includes a plurality of coaxial elongated pipes which have open ends in the interior of the container, an elongated bar extending coaxially along the innermost one of said pipes and also having a free end situated in the interior of the container. The ends of the several pipes which are in the container are open and are enlarged while the inner free end of the bar in the container is also enlarged, and a moving structure is operatively connected with at least one of the pipes as well as the bar for axially moving the same relative to each other so as to adjust the positions of the free end of the bar and the open ends of the pipes with respect to each other.