Abstract: A plurality of marks are carried on a movable member, the position of which represents a measured quantity. An image of a mark is projected onto a surface having a large number of detectors. The output signals of the detectors are fed into an evaluation circuit, which sequentially determines the intensity distribution on the detector and, thereby, the position of the mark by means of comparison of fixed threshold values with each of the detector signals and determines the centroid of the thus obtained intensity value distribution. The position of the centroid is a measure of the quantity to be measured.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the delay time interval between electrical pulse signals, particularly in conjunction with electrooptical range finders. A coarse measuring counter counts clock pulses from a quartz oscillator during the interval and a fine measuring interpolator determines the residual time from the end of the interval to the next clock pulse. Residual time at the start of the measuring interval is avoided by exactly synchronizating the start of measurement with a timing pulse front (n+2) of the quartz oscillator.

Abstract: Mount for optical components, particularly a prism, ensuring a statically defined mounting of the optical component mounted in a self-aligned manner. The mount includes a curved surface to receive an optical component with a flat surface with line contact of the flat surface edges on the curved surface. Further attachment devices, including at least one resilient element, hold the component in other directions. Several embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for controlling a diaphragm aperture and shutter speed of an aerial camera involves computing maximum permissible exposure time as a function of permissible image motion, and flying speed and height. The shutter time is adjusted within a normal working range as a function of exposure conditions for a particular diaphragm value after evaluating the maximum permissible exposure time, mean brightness, status signals of the diaphragm and shutter control mechanism and process signals. The diaphragm is adjusted to a minimum diameter diaphragm aperture according to brightness conditions encountered at the minimum shutter time limit of the normal working range and to a maximum diameter diaphragm aperture at the maximum permissible exposure time. The aperture values are successively decreased and for each discrete aperture value the shutter time is adjusted as a function of terrain brightness within the normal working range.

Abstract: Process for producing an optical component, particularly a metal reflector. A glass prism is sprayed with several coatings of a metal alloy. The spray jet is guided in such a way that uniform coating thicknesses are obtained. The resulting sprayed part is removed from the glass prism and the surface formed against the prism is used as a metal reflector. Additional coatings can also be applied after removal to improve reflectance characteristics.

Abstract: Adjustable-caliber rod apparatus for testing and adjusting weapon barrels. The rod is used for representing the barrel bore axis in conjunction with, e.g., a sight-line testing device for adjusting sights. The rod has two three-point supports, two support points of which are pressed against the inner wall of the barrel by a third, spring-loaded mounting point. This leads to a forced orientation of the caliber rod, so that the axis thereof is aligned parallel to the barrel bore axis. Each support assembly has a fixed flange and an adjustable flange which is adjustably guided on the fixed flange. Locking devices are provided for locking the adjustable flange relative to the fixed flange, and detents between the adjustable and fixed flanges facilitates reproducible setting to specific barrel calibers.

Abstract: In order to secure the ends of the legs for the stand in the leg ferrule caps so that they are not loosened readily by shrinkage of the wooden leg material, the legs have a number of spacing pins extending crosswise through them where they are clamped. The pins are of a material which is more rigid than the wood of the legs themselves and are thus subjected to a greater clamping pressure. As a result of the orientation of the pins, perpendicular to the axis of the legs but angularly displaced from each other, the legs are held securely with their longitudinal axis remaining in the initial clamping position even after shrinkage of the leg wood. A particular clamping device utilizing a wedge is also described.

Abstract: The range finder is of the type for transmitting and receiving a modulated beam of light for the distance determination to a remote reflector and has an integrated sighting telescope for sighting the reflector or some other target.The coaxial transmitting and receiving optical system and the sighting telescope have a common optical axis.A beam deflector which deflects into the optical axis the transmitting beam coming from an infra-red radiation-emitting source is arranged in the vicinity of the position at which there is an intermediate image formation of the transmitting beam path.A dielectric coating system which is permeable by visible light is arranged approximately perpendicular to the common optical axis. It is on one side bounded by air and is arranged in such a way that the transmitting beam from the beam deflector strikes the coating system in an almost perpendicular manner.

Abstract: A wide-angle objective composed of six components separated by air spaces and located three at the object side and three at the image side of a diaphragm, said six lens components taken in consecutive order from the side of the object comprising: a first lens component with dispersing refractive power; a second lens component which follows an air space composed of a dispersing meniscus lens component curved towards the object side; a third lens component which follows a small air space and possessing a collecting refractive power and having a strongly convex curved outer surface facing the object side; a fourth lens component which follows the diaphragm space, said fourth lens component having a collecting refractive power; a fifth lens component comprising a meniscus lens component which is curved towards the image and assembled preferably from at least one dispersing and collecting lens; a sixth lens component with dispersing power which follows an air space and composed of at least one meniscus lens member

Abstract: The main objective of the microscope is shifted from the stereoscopic viewing position to a position in which its optic axis coincides with the optic axis of one of the twin variable magnification optical systems used for stereoscopic viewing. This shifted position provides better resolution for photography and measurement and reduces the correction requirements on the main objective. The shift of the objective is coordinated with a shift of the object under observation or a countershift of the upper part of the microscope in order to maintain the same field of view of the object.

Abstract: A light emitting diode is located beneath a glass scale carrier, one for each scale (azimuth and elevation), emitting essentially monochromatic light, which penetrates through the glass scale; the scale is observed through an optical system. The optical system for viewing of the scale is located on a carrier secured in the telescope housing; the light emitting diodes are powered by a battery secured in the housing, which energizes a timer, such as R/C circuit settable for normal observation times, for example about thirty seconds.