Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein the process comprises the steps of, subjecting a feedstock comprising CTO and TOP to pretreatment comprising at least two evaporative steps to yield (i) an evaporated feedstock comprising 30 ppm or less of sodium, 35 ppm or less of phosphorus and 30 ppm or less of silicon, (ii) a light fraction and (iii) a residue fraction, and subjecting the evaporated feedstock to catalytic hydroprocessing in the presence of hydrogen to yield a hydroprocessing product comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the liquid fuel range. The invention also relates to hydrocarbon components useful as transportation fuel or as a blending component in transportation fuel, obtainable by said process.

Abstract: In a process for producing olefins, a hydrocarbon-containing feed is fed into a cracking furnace where relatively long-chain hydrocarbons of the hydrocarbon-containing feed are cracked at least partly to form shorter-chain olefins, encompassing ethylene and propylene. Cracking gas (1) formed during cracking is conveyed in succession through an upper section (11) and a lower section (12) of a scrubbing column (10) in countercurrent to a liquid scrubbing medium (43, 31), is proposed. A fraction (43) rich in petroleum spirit is used in the lower section (11) of the scrubbing column (10) and a water-rich fraction (31) is used in the upper section (11) of the scrubbing column (10) as scrubbing medium (43, 31). A plant configured for carrying out the process is likewise provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels.

Abstract: A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels.

Abstract: A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for treating and reacting a metathesis feedstock. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a feedstock comprising a natural oil, chemically treating the feedstock with a metal alkoxide under conditions sufficient to diminish catalyst poisons in the feedstock, and, following the treating, combining a metathesis catalyst with the feedstock under conditions sufficient to metathesize the feedstock.

Abstract: A new method of producing fuel from biological oils and fats is provided, which comprises the following steps: (a) proceeding with a catalytic cracking-deoxygenation reaction for the biological oils and fats under heating in the presence of a cracking-deoxygenation catalyst; (b) mixing the product of step (a) with hydrogen gas; and (c) proceeding with a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction for the mixture from step (b) under heating in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst. By means of the method of the present invention, clean fuel produced by using biological oils and fats as raw materials is compatible with the fuel composition produced from crude oil refining.

Abstract: A catalyst bed system, and a dehydrogenation process using the same, including a horizontal catalyst bed having a mixture of at least one catalytic material and at least one first inert material, a predetermined volume of at least one second inert material arranged upstream of the catalyst bed, wherein the volume of the reactor above the catalyst bed system is not filled by any solid material (empty space). The volume of the second inert material and the volume of the reactor above the second inert material (empty space) is between 0.04 and 0.73, preferably between 0.06 and 0.3, most preferably between 0.09 and 0.2.

Abstract: Butadiene is made from a butene rich feed by passing a superheated butene rich feed including superheated steam and oxygen at a temperature of at least about 343° C. (650° F.) over a catalyst bed having a depth of over about 69 cm (27 inches) of granules of ferritic oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. Inlet conditions being controlled such that the oxidative dehydrogenation reactions initially occur in the lower most layers of catalyst. Process control includes monitoring the temperature throughout the bed and increasing the inlet temperature in response to a drop in the temperature in the active layer, when the active layer of oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst begins to become deactivated so that the reaction zone moves upwardly in the oxidative dehydrogenation bed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for selectively hydrogenating benzene with a supported organometallic hydrogenating catalyst are provided. An exemplary method includes contacting an arene-containing reaction stream comprising benzene and one or more additional arenes with hydrogen in the presence of a supported organometallic hydrogenating catalyst under reaction conditions effective to hydrogenate at least benzene in the arene-containing reaction stream to produce a reaction effluent having a ratio of benzene to additional arenes that is lower than a ratio of benzene to additional arenes in the reaction stream. In this method, the supported organometallic hydrogenating catalyst includes a catalytically active organometallic species and a Brønsted acidic sulfated metal oxide support.

Abstract: An energy conservation process directed to the purification of styrene monomer via distillation after the dehydrogenation reaction of ethylbenzene to produce crude styrene is disclosed. As practiced today, the purification of styrene via distillation requires large amounts of energy (i.e., steam) to provide heat to the various distillation columns. The presently disclosed improved process allows for a reduction in the amount of steam needed for this purpose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for converting carbonaceous material contained in at least two feedstocks into a liquid hydrocarbon product, said feedstocks including at least one feedstock of biomass and at least one feedstock of lignite and/or peat, said feedstocks including the carbonaceous material being in a feed mixture including one or more fluids, said fluids including water and further liquid organic compounds at least partly produced by the process in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, where the process comprises converting at least part of the carbonaceous material by pressurizing the feed mixture to a pressure in the range 50-400 bar, heating the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 250-500° C., and maintaining said pressurized and heated feed mixture in the desired pressure and temperature ranges in a reaction zone for a predefined time; cooling the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 25-200° C.

Abstract: Oligomerization processes include the steps of introducing a monomer containing a C3 to C30 olefin and a chemically-treated solid oxide into a reaction zone, and oligomerizing the monomer to form an oligomer product in the reaction zone. Fluorided silica-coated alumina and fluorided-chlorided silica-coated alumina are illustrative chemically-treated solid oxides that can be used in the oligomerization processes.

Abstract: We provide a catalytic process to reduce an organic halide in a hydrocarbon, comprising: a. producing the hydrocarbon comprising the organic halide in a process unit; and b. contacting the hydrocarbon comprising the organic halide with a metal chloride under anhydrous conditions in a halide removal vessel to produce a contacted hydrocarbon having from 50-100 wt % of a total halide in the hydrocarbon removed. We also provide an apparatus for performing this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for converting carbonaceous material contained in one or more feedstocks into a liquid hydrocarbon product, said feedstocks including the carbonaceous material being in a feed mixture including one or more fluids, said fluids including water and further liquid organic compounds at least partly produced by the process in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, where the process comprises converting at least part of the carbonaceous material by pressurizing the feed mixture to a pressure in the range 250-400 bar; heating the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 370-450° C., and maintaining said pressurized and heated feed mixture in the desired pressure and temperature ranges in a reaction zone for a predefined time; cooling the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 25-200° C.

Abstract: A method for preparing a liquid polyolefin includes contacting a feedstock comprising at least one olefin monomer with a catalyst system to produce a reactor effluent stream, filtering the reactor effluent stream, washing a created filter cake with a wash fluid comprising at least one hydrocarbon liquid; and recovering the liquid polyolefin. The catalyst system may be any conventional polyolefin catalyst system, and in a preferred embodiment, the catalyst system contains at least one activated metallocene catalyst. The reactor effluent stream comprises at least one liquid polyolefin, residual catalyst, and unreacted olefin monomer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method may pass a pyrolysis feed to a thermal pyrolysis reactor and expose at least a portion of the pyrolysis feed to high-severity operating conditions in a thermal pyrolysis reactor, wherein the thermal pyrolysis reactor is operated at operating conditions that include pressure ?36 psig and provide a reactor product that has a C3+ to C2 unsaturate weight ratio ?0.5.

Abstract: Catalysts and processes designed to convert DME and/or methanol and hydrogen (H2) to desirable liquid fuels are described. These catalysts produce the fuels efficiently and with a high selectivity and yield, and reduce the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons by incorporating H2 into the products. Also described are process methods to further upgrade these fuels to higher molecular weight liquid fuel mixtures, which have physical properties comparable with current commercially used liquid fuels.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of processing polyester-containing feedstocks to provide hydrocarbon products. Exemplary feedstocks include those containing estolide compounds, which may be processed under thermal and/or catalytic conditions to provide at least one hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy.