Abstract: Method for electrophoretic separation of nucleic acid fragments comprising the following steps:a) providing a polyacrylamide based gel prepared by photoinitiated polymerization of a mixture containing monoolefinic- and di- and/or polyolefinic monomers and a photoinitiator of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently are CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or R.sub.1, R.sub.2 together with the carbon atom form a cycloaliphatic ring with 4-8 carbons;R.sub.3 =H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH with n=1-20;b) applying said nucleic acid fragments on said polyacrylamide based gel;c) electrophoretically separating said fragments on said gel. The invention also relates to a kit for use in the method for electrophoretic separation of nucleic acid fragments.

Abstract: A method of making a composite structure including at least a plating film disposed on a substrate having at least a surface portion formed from a metallic base material. The method includes the steps of discharging a composite plating solution containing insoluble particles from a nozzle and impacting the composite plating solution on the surface portion of the substrate at a predetermined flow rate. During at least a portion of the discharging and impacting steps, the surface portion of the substrate is abraded with the insoluble particles in the plating solution discharged from the nozzle. A voltage can be applied between the base material and the nozzle, which are electrically connected by the plating solution, to thereby deposit a plating film on the surface portion of the substrate by electroplating.