Abstract: A non metallic flow through electrodeless conductivity sensor is provided with a conduit having primary and secondary process fluid flow paths to form a fluid loop. At least one drive and one sense toroid surround the conduit on the fluid loop. Voltage supplied to the drive toroid induces a current in the sense toroid via the fluid loop to eliminate any need for metallic electrodes in contact with the process fluid. At least one additional drive and/or sense toroid is disposed on the fluid loop to enhance induction. Optionally one or more sense coils are disposed about the conduit outside of the fluid loop to cancel out stray electrical noise. An optional conductor disposed along the conduit detects any fluid leakage through changes in resistance thereof. A temperature detector is supported within an electrically non-conductive holder extending into the fluid flow path, so that the detector is free from physical contact with the fluid.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing failure of fuel level sensors includes a first measuring step of measuring voltages from first and second failure detection terminals; if the voltage is higher than a reference, diagnosing the voltage as “high,” and if the voltage is lower than a reference, diagnosing the voltage as “low;” and if the voltage is neither high nor low: a second measuring step of receiving the voltages from the first and second failure detection terminals; calculating and storing a difference between the voltages of the first and second failure detection terminals; determining whether an amount of fuel is reduced; if the amount of fuel is reduced, calculating a difference between voltage signals of the first and second failure detection terminals; determining whether the voltage difference before and after the amount of fuel was reduced are identical; and if the voltage differences are identical, returning to the first measuring step.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a large area, multi-element contactor. A segmented contactor is provided for testing semiconductor devices on a wafer that comprises a plurality of contactor units mounted to a substrate. The contactor units are formed, tested, and assembled to a backing substrate. The contactor units may include leads extending laterally for connection to an external instrument such as a burn-in board. The contactor units include conductive areas such as pads that are placed into contact with conductive terminals on devices under test.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring electrical voltage allow measurement under open-air conditions including high-voltage and very high voltage. Influence of temperature changes on electrical and optical parameters of the device are reduced by using light sources, at least one optical transmission path, at least one sensor element with at least one active sensor part made up of several sensor crystals and evaluation by Pockel's effect using optical activity in a crystal. Measurement light generated by a light source penetrates an active sensor, which has at least two voltage comprising evaluation means for evaluating the polarization state of measurement light traversed through sensor crystals wherein the evaluation means is used with a component assembly for scaling and multiplying input signal by a factor generated by a function unit, its input quantity representing the difference between a reference signal and a factored output signal wherein the function unit performs integration.

Abstract: An electrical utility service tester that is used for troubleshooting 120/208 or 120/240, three phase or single phase alternating current electrical utility services where 120 volt hot leg leads of the electrical utility services are connected 120 volts to ground only. The tester is self-contained in a weatherproof case, which enables the tester to withstand exposure to adverse weather conditions without damage or loss of function. The tester also includes circuitry for preventing damage to the electrical circuitry of the tester by preventing the test circuitry for the left and right hot legs of a circuit under test from being simultaneously operative and the test load circuitry for intermittent and continuous test load application from being simultaneously operative.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the thickness of thin-film cause electron beams of first and second energies to strike thin-film to be measured that is formed on a silicon substrate, and measures the first substrate current value of current flowing in the substrate when it is struck by an electron beam of a first energy and the second substrate current value of current flowing in the substrate when it is struck by an electron beam of a second energy. The thin-film measuring apparatus obtains reference data indicating a relationship between the film thickness and a reference function having as variables the substrate current for the case of an electron beam of the first energy striking a standard sample and the substrate current for the case of an electron beam of the second energy striking the standard sample, and calculates the thickness of the thin-film under measurement based on the first and second substrate current values, giving consideration to the reference data.

Abstract: A LAN tester has display and remote units each having a connector jack attached to an adapter board for connection to the plug of a patch cord. Both the display and remote units have circuits which are capable of measuring the phase between a drive signal voltage and the corresponding coupled or reflected signal due to the drive signal. Scattering parameters for the mated connector pairs and the patch cord itself are measured during a field calibration. A computer in one or both of the tester units stores the measured scattering parameters and uses the scattering parameters to move the reference plane to any desired location along the patch cord. The length of the patch cord can be determined through the use of phase by measuring the frequency difference between adjacent maxima of a plot of input impedance versus frequency.

Abstract: A wood drying installation for a wood drying kiln including a pair of electrodes adapted to be inserted into a wood stack contained in the kiln, a resistance connected in a series circuit with the electrodes, an AC voltage source connected to apply an AC voltage across the series circuit, a phase detecting circuit connected to the series circuit operable to generate a signal representing the phase angle between AC voltages applied to different parts of the series circuit, and a processor to receive the signal. The system is operable to determine a moisture value corresponding to a capacitive component of the reactive impedance between the electrodes in accordance with a predetermined arithmetic algorithm relating the value to the phase angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrical protection of an electrical system includes a protection circuit for detecting when silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) or other control elements in an engine driven generator of a welding-type power source have failed. In such an apparatus, a shorted rectifying control element detection device has an input stage connected to an engine driven generator that supplies power for a welding-type process and a filtering stage to bandpass current signals acquired by the input stage from the engine driven generator. The apparatus further has an output stage connected to the filtering stage that at least indicates a fault condition if fundamental frequency components present in the current signals exceed a threshold.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus employ the use of arrays (301, 902) of two or more electronically-discrete electrodes (1, 2, 3 . . . ) to facilitate high-throughput preparation and testing of materials comprising two or more elements. High rates of deposition, synthesis and/or analysis of materials are achieved with the use of arrays of electrodes whereby desired materials are developed. The high rate synthesis and/or analysis of an array of materials uses deposition control techniques in conjunction with the electrode array to develop a meaningful array of materials and to analyze the materials for desired characteristics to develop one or more materials with desired characteristics. The use of an array of electrodes enables high-throughput development of materials having scientific and economic advantages.

Abstract: A membrane probing assembly includes a probe card with conductors supported thereon, wherein the conductors include at least a signal conductor located between a pair of spaced apart guard conductors. A membrane assembly includes a membrane with contacts thereon, and supporting at least a signal conductor located between a pair of spaced apart guard conductors. The guard conductors of the probe card are electrically interconnected proximate the interconnection between the probe card and the membrane assembly. The guard conductors of the membrane assembly are electrically interconnected proximate the interconnection between the probe card and the membrane assembly.

Abstract: A charge pump is used to supply current to the ionization detection circuit. To detect in-cylinder ions generated during the combustion process, a DC bias voltage needs to be applied. There are two ways to generate the DC bias: conventional DC power supply (large electronics) and capacitor charges by primary or secondary flyback voltage (high voltage capacitor). Typically, flyback voltage is used to charge the capacitor which supplies current to the ionization detection circuit. This necessitates the use of high voltage capacitors. Generally, ceramic capacitors are used. However, as temperature fluctuates, the board that the capacitor is mounted on can flex, causing the ceramic capacitor to crack. This invention proposes to use a high voltage charge pump to provide enough DC bias voltage for measuring ionization current. In a preferred embodiment, a model number M1C4827 EL driver is used in the charge pump circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring the time signal of an electronic device including steps for measuring a true signal and an inverted signal. The measured true path signal and inverted path signal are combined to reduce measurement error and provide an accurate measurement of the time signal of the device under test. Also disclosed is an interface for use between a device-under-test and test equipment. The interface includes means for alternately switching a time signal from the device-under-test to provide a true signal path and an inverted signal path for measurement. A system embodiment of the invention is also disclosed in which an interface and measuring means are used to alternately measure and combine a true signal and an inverted signal to provide an accurate time measurement result.

Abstract: A resonator device for testing a material quantity in the tobacco-processing industry for existence of at least one foreign substance and/or for detecting at least one of weight, density and humidity level of the material includes a resonator housing having a through opening for the material to pass through and a testing region located inside the resonator housing to which the material can be moved at least in part. The device has at least one element that increases energy density of electromagnetic waves for increasing the energy density in at least a portion of the testing region.

Abstract: Three bridge circuits (101, 111, 121), each include magnetoresistive sensors coupled as a Wheatstone bridge (100) to sense a magnetic field (160) in three orthogonal directions (110, 120, 130) that are set with a single pinning material deposition and bulk wafer setting procedure. One of the three bridge circuits (121) includes a first magnetoresistive sensor (141) comprising a first sensing element (122) disposed on a pinned layer (126), the first sensing element (122) having first and second edges and first and second sides, and a first flux guide (132) disposed non-parallel to the first side of the substrate and having an end that is proximate to the first edge and on the first side of the first sensing element (122). An optional second flux guide (136) may be disposed non-parallel to the first side of the substrate and having an end that is proximate to the second edge and the second side of the first sensing element (122).

Abstract: A method, a mobile device arid a computer program product for acquiring GPS on a mobile device possessing GPS capability are disclosed. The method comprises the step of setting a current value of the period of the power-up phase of the GPS dependent upon adaptive predictions of when the GPS should be powered on to meet specifications on positioning accuracy and GPS acquisition time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photochromic film comprising a photochromic dye and a resin component. The photochromic film has a nanoindentation hardness of equal to or greater than 800 nm on at least one of surfaces, surface A, thereof. The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a photochromic lens. The method of manufacturing a photochromic lens of the present invention comprises forming a photochromic film having a nanoindentation hardness ranging from 500 to 5000 nm on an outermost surface thereof as well as having a smaller nanoindentation hardness on a surface facing a first mold than that on the outermost surface by coating a photochromic liquid comprising a photochromic dye and a curable component on one surface of the first mold for formation of one of surfaces of a lens and subjecting the photochromic liquid to curing treatment, and a photochromic lens comprising a photochromic film on a lens substrate is obtained by means of the above first mold.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a low resistance, low inductance device for high current semiconductor flip-chip products. A structure is produced, which comprises a semiconductor chip with metallization traces, copper lines in contact with the traces, and copper bumps located in an orderly and repetitive arrangement on each line so that the bumps of one line are positioned about midway between the corresponding bumps of the neighboring lines. A substrate is provided which has elongated copper leads with first and second surfaces, the leads oriented at right angles to the lines. The first surface of each lead is connected to the corresponding bumps of alternating lines using solder elements. Finally, the assembly is encapsulated in molding compound so that the second lead surfaces remain un-encapsulated.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a sensor, continuous sensor or automatic measuring system in an interstitium including the steps of adjusting the steepness of a measuring curve and a standard offset (standard axis intercept) prior to the use of the sensor, continuous sensor or measuring system, and adapting the offset by a point calibration by using a reference measure or value during the use. The present invention encompasses sensors, continuous sensors or automatic measuring systems calibrated or adjusted in accordance with the method, and in some embodiments, the offset adjusted prior to use is rectified according to the difference between a value determined by the sensor, continuous sensor or measuring system taking into account the standard steepness and the reference value.

Abstract: A lighting device may be provided that includes: a heat sink which includes a base and a member extending from the base; a light source module which is disposed on a lateral surface of the member; and a reflector which is disposed on the member and has a disposition recess exposing the light source module, wherein the at least two light source modules are provided and the light source module includes a terminal plate which electrically connects the at least two light source modules, and wherein the terminal plate is disposed on the reflector.