Abstract: A system and method for registering a software license agreement utilizing user information encoded in a machine readable media is disclosed. A user installs a software program onto a processor-based system. Thereafter, the user provides user-specific information to the program which is encrypted in a machine-readable form. This encrypted user information is then sent to a owner of rights in the software program to be included in a database of registered software users.

Abstract: An electronic shopping method is provided by both an apparatus 10 and an apparatus 30 to hold a key K(A, C) in common, and both the apparatus 30 and an apparatus 40 to hold a key K(B, C) in common. The apparatus 10 transmits a cipher text C1 which is obtained by enciphering a written order P of the products to be purchased using a key K, a cipher text C2 which is obtained by enciphering the key K using the key K(A, C), and authentication information C3 relating to a part P2 of the written order P to the apparatus 30 and the like. The apparatus 40 deciphers the key K on the basis of the cipher text C2, transmits a cipher text C4 which is obtained by enciphering the key K using the key K(B, C) to the apparatus 30.

Abstract: An encrypted signature S representative of the information and of the identity of the holder of the information is established by means of a calculation algorithm for the encryption and the compression of the information to be saved. The signature S is recorded on the medium carrying the information forming the message M. The parameters for the calculation of the signature S, one or several secret keys, are recorded on at least one inviolable carrying medium. The application is to qualitative safeguarding and protection of data, on-line or not, in data bases.

Abstract: The present invention is an identification method for use in access control systems using words for both the initial enrollment, and later identification of personnel. Its purpose is to ensure that a person seeking access to restricted areas, financial accounts, benefits and services, is the same person for whom access was originally intended. During enrollment, a prospective user is presented with a wide variety of words called "prompters" which are designed to elicit a consistent "response" word from the user, thus forming a "word-pair." A reinforcement exercise during enrollment results in several "word-pairs" which are most likely to remain in the memory of the user, and are therefore suitable for storage in the memory of an access type device or system maintained by a host organization.The process may be initiated with a card, key or various other instruments, but user identification is accomplished with an automatic and random selection within the host device of one of the user's prefiled "word-pairs.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein is directed to a method and apparatus which employs a spread-spectrum based radiolocation system, using hand-held receiver units and fixed-position reference transmitters, to determine distance and direction between a golfer and key locations on a golf course, such as the distance and direction to a particular pin. The plurality of timing reference transmitters which are located throughout the vicinity of the golf course broadcast a spread-spectrum ranging signal consisting of a radio-frequency carrier directly modulated by a periodic pseudo-noise (PN) coded or similar sequence. Each transmitter broadcasts at the same RF signal but a unique PN-coded sequence is assigned to each transmitter. Golfers are provided with the hand-held receiving unit which receives the transmitter spread-spectrum signals and which synchronizes to the spread-spectrum signals in order to obtain range estimates to a selected set of reference transmitters.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method of extending the labels on an encryption technique so that different users can utilize the same files under different rights established by both the user and the system administrator. This system and method take advantage of an extension of the file label which contains configuration capabilities and user rights and privileges to that file. The extended labeling is expandable so that several users can each be identified having specific rights and specific encryption capability with respect to the file.

Abstract: In a demodulator circuit for receiving a direct sequence spread spectrum signal having composite PN codes, there is provided a novel detecting and tracking circuit for faster acquisition of the component PN codes. The first component code of the received composite direct sequence spread spectrum code is noncoherently detected in a noncoherent detection branch and the subsequent component codes of the composite code are automatically detected in a coherent lock detection branch to provide faster acquisition than was heretofore possible. Further, while the noncoherent detection branch is acquiring the first component PN code, a novel coherent carrier tracking loop is acquiring and locking onto the direct sequence spread spectrum signal carrier.

Abstract: A method for producing a scrambled image for deciphering by a lenticular lens having a specific regular lineation, by exposing two photographic film negatives to two desired images and processing each film negative to form two image negatives, and by contacting and exposing one of said image negatives to a working negative through a first grating screen having the same regular lineation as the lenticular lens, to create a lineated image of said first image negative on said working negative, and then contacting and exposing the other image negative to said working negative through a second grating screen having the same regular lination as the lenticular lens, whereby said second grating screen is aligned with respect to said working negative complementary to the alignment of said first grating screen during said first contacting and exposing step such that lineated images of one negative are formed on said working negative which are parallel to and between the lineations of the image of the other image negati

Abstract: A three dimensional package having at least one semiconductor chip having input/output conductive pads along its periphery includes a dielectric carrier over at least a portion of the chip and a plurality of conductors mounted on the carrier between the chip and the dielectric carrier. The plurality of conductors are mounted within the periphery of the chip with one end connected to the conductive pads and with the other end of the plurality of conductors exiting from the same side of the chip. The plurality of conductors exiting from the same side are electrically coupled to an interconnect substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing improved security for a personal identification number (PIN) in a personal identification and verification system of the type wherein a time dependent nonpredictable code is generated at a device in the possession of the individual, which code is unique to the individual and this code is communicated to, and compared with a nonpredictable code generated at, a central verification computer. In this system, the PIN is mixed with the nonpredictable code before transmission of these values to the central verification computer. a nonsecret code is previously transmitted to the central verification computer and is used to retrieve the PIN and the appropriate nonpredictable code for the user. These values are used to strip the PIN from the transmitted nonpredictable code and the stripped PIN and remaining nonpredictable code are compared with the corresponding retrieved values in order to determine verification.

Abstract: In response to a bit transfer request from one of two units, bit data is transmitted bit by bit from the other of the two units. The unit on the transmission side for transmitting the bit data has an M-series generator. In response to bit 1, a first M.sub.0 -series signal of a 63-word length is generated. In response to bit 0, a second M.sub.0 -series signal in which the series start position is set to the intermediate position of the first M.sub.0 -series signal, although the signal is the same M.sub.0 -series signal of the 63-word length, is generated. The unit on the reception side has previously stored the first and second M.sub.0 -series signals on the transmission side as reference signals, and calculates the correlations between the two reference signals and the reception signal, and demodulates the data bit corresponding to the reference signal having a larger correlation value.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting BIOS stored on a direct access storage device into a personnal computer system. The personal computer system comprises a system processor, a system planar, a random access main memory, a read only memory, a protection means and at least one direct access storage device. The read only memory includes a first portion of BIOS and data representing the type of system processor and system planar I/O configuration. The first portion of BIOS initializes the system and the direct access storage device, and resets the protection means in order to read in a master boot record into the random access memory from a protectable partition on the direct access storage device.

Abstract: Encryption and decryption mechanisms at transmitters and receivers, respectively, have applied thereto encryption or decryption keys and initializing values. These mechanisms generate cryptographic bit streams which are intermediate streams of generated values. These intermediate streams, generated prior to their real time need in the encryption or decryption processes, are stored in buffers until data is presented for encryption or decryption, at which time the cryptographic bit streams are conveyed from the buffers to mathematical functions, for combination with the data. This avoids the delays associated with the real time generation of the cryptographic bit streams during the encryption and decryption processes. Appropriate synchronization of the generation and buffer storage of the cryptographic bit streams at the transmitter and receiver is provided.

Abstract: A method for "on-line/off-line" digital signing is described and begins by pre-computing a data string x from a pair of matching public and secret keys of a digital signature scheme such that, for any message m later selected to be signed, a signature of m derived from x can be computed substantially faster than the signature of m derived from the matching public and secret keys. After a message m is selected to be signed, the method computes a signature .sigma. of the message m using the data string x. Because the method uses a two-stage approach to sign a message, the technique can be advantageously used to enhance the security of known digital signature schemes or to effect transaction processing using "smart" cards.

Abstract: A method for protecting secret code data stored in a data memory from analysis includes forming conclusions as to the content of the memory from signals at outputs of the memory, and limiting transfer of the code data from the data memory into a peripheral logic to a predetermined time period and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A digital telephone system, having a through-switching module connected by its inputs/outputs to "1" subscriber concentration modules, each with group subscriber inputs/outputs connected via remote subscriber modules to groups of telephone sets. The telephone sets are digital telephone sets with inputs/outputs connected to individual subscriber inputs/outputs of remote subscriber modules via digital individual subscriber lines to provide transmission and reception of digitally coded information.

Abstract: In a fiber-optical sensor used for measuring the Doppler broadening of scattered laser light by the principle of quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), the scattered light originating from particles in movement, the emergence surface (7) for the laser light at the end of a single-mode or multimode light guide (3) used as an immersion probe is inclined at an angle 0<.phi..ltoreq.15.degree., preferably 1.degree..ltoreq..phi..ltoreq.6.degree., the angle of inclination being de-fined by the optical axis (8) of the light guide (3) and the normal (9) of the emergence surface (7).

Abstract: A system for controlling and accounting for retrieval of data from a CD-ROM memory containing encrypted data files from which retrieval must be authorized. The system includes an authorization and key distribution terminal and a plurality of customer data retrieval terminals having such memories loaded therein. The authorization terminal authorizes retrieval of data by authorized customer terminals by providing to the authorized customer terminals an encryption key for enabling retrieval of the data and a authenticated credit signal for use in limiting the amount of data to be retrieved from the files. The encryption key is encrypted for communication to the customer terminals in unique unit keys that are stored in the respective customer terminals.

Abstract: In a scrambled-communication system, a transmitting station generates a scrambling noise having a periodically-recurrent series of noise patterns and scrambles an information signal by simply summing the scrambling noise to the information signal, whereby the information signal is totally unintelligible by an interceptor. At a receiving station, a noise-cancelling signal is generated by an adaptive transversal filter and supplied to a subtractor where it is combined with the scrambled signal to recover the information signal. For generating the noise-cancelling signal, a descrambling noise identical to the scrambling noise is generated. The filter has a tapped-delay line for receiving the descrambling noise and a plurality of variable tap weights connected respectively to taps of the tapped-delay line.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement for encrypting data for storage in a computer and/or for transmission to another data processing system. The plain text data is divided into buffers and the buffers are divided into blocks. The blocks are encrypted under the control of a first key using any block encryption method such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Individual bytes of the encrypted blocks of a buffer are then permuted under the control of a second key to form an encrypted buffer. Advantageously, the number of permutations for even a modest size buffer, say 256 bytes, is enormous, making unauthorized decryption using key searching methods computationally infeasible.