Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane module includes: a hollow fiber membrane bundle; a housing formed with a port for allowing a cleaning gas for the hollow fiber membrane bundle to inflow therethrough for accommodating the hollow fiber membrane bundle; and a diffuser having a receiving surface for receiving the cleaning gas having entered through the port, the receiving surface being formed with diffusion hole for diffusing the cleaning gas to the hollow fiber membrane bundle in housing. The diffuser includes a partition dividing a space under the receiving surface into an inner space and an outer space surrounding the inner space and permitting the cleaning gas having entered through the port to flow thereinto. The diffusion hole is arranged to allow at least a part of the cleaning gas flowing in the outer space to diffuse from the inner space to the hollow fiber membrane bundle.

Abstract: A medical treatment system includes a disposable fluid circuit that includes a water inlet and a batch container arranged to hold a mixture, the mixture including water that is received from the water inlet and at least one concentrate. The fluid circuit also includes a drain line for draining fluid from the disposable fluid circuit, and a manifold with a plurality of fluid lines, the manifold connecting the water inlet, the batch container, a source of the at least one concentrate, and the drain line. A source of purified water supplies the purified water to the water inlet and a sensor detects a property of fluid in the disposable fluid circuit. A controller controls flowing of a first fluid followed by displacement by a second fluid causing the first fluid to flow to the sensor.

Abstract: A method for treating phosphate-containing wastewater, such as phosphogypsum pond water. The method includes the steps of: (a) adding a first cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluorosilicate from the wastewater; (b) adding a second cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluoride from the wastewater; (c) raising the pH of the wastewater to precipitate the second cation from the wastewater; (d) removing residual silica from the wastewater; and (e) precipitating phosphate from the wastewater. The precipitated fluorosilicate may be sodium fluorosilicate. The precipitated phosphate may be struvite.

Abstract: A blood purification device includes: a control device that controls supply of a dialysis solution to a blood purifier; a dialysis solution supply tube in which a dialysis solution flows from the control device toward the blood purifier; a dialysis solution discharge tube in which the dialysis solution flows from the blood purifier toward the control device; a supply side coupler that connects between the dialysis solution supply tube and a dialysis solution inflow pipe of the blood purifier; and a discharge side coupler that connects between the dialysis solution discharge tube and a dialysis solution outflow pipe of the blood purifier. At least one of the supply side coupler and the discharge side coupler includes a light source unit configured to irradiate the interior of the coupler with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A nanoadsorbent based filter is used for purification of fluoride and arsenic contaminated water. 140-150 g low cost (˜10 USD/kg) nanoparticles of gamma alumina of 20-25 mg/g fluoride and 25-30 mg/g arsenic adsorption capacity is incorporated in propylene filter without susceptibility of leaching incorporated nanoparticles in water. The cost of domestic defluoridation device containing low cost nanoalumina incorporated filters/cartridges along with housing, overhead tank, tubing and treated water storage container etc. is of very low cost of around 25 USD/device. The fluoride treatment cost would be <0.5 USD/100 lit for 4-5 mg/l fluoride water after 2-3 regenerations while, the arsenic treatment cost using domestic filtration device would be <0.25 USD/100 lit for 90-100 ?g/l arsenic (III) water.

Abstract: Provided is a water-treatment filter module, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a helical strand for a water-treatment filter module, and a method for manufacturing a spacer. Also provided is a water-treatment filter module comprising a membrane for filtering raw water, and a spacer laminated to the membrane and providing a plurality of passages for passing the raw water through to the membrane, wherein the spacer includes a first member extending in a first direction and a second member extending in a second direction that is different from the first direction and disposed so as to form spacer cells by intersecting with the first member, and at least one of the first member and the second member is wound in a spiral shape having a predetermined pitch of a predetermined radius around a central axis.

Abstract: Methods for the removal of ionic contaminants from a hydrophilic organic solvent by a mixed bed of ion exchange resins are described. A mixed bed of ion exchange resins with gel-type strong-acid cationic ion exchange resin with a specific moisture holding capacity and gel-type anionic ion exchange resin is used in some embodiments of such methods.

Abstract: A filter device is formed by installing an orifice member to the fluid passage of a filter body and avoids being functionally impaired by residue such as shavings generated during the installing of the orifice member. A filter device is provided with a filter body that has a fluid passage; and an orifice member that is installed in the fluid passage. The orifice member is provided with a body that has an orifice, a first flange that is press-fitted into the large-diameter part of the fluid passage, and a second flange that forms a closed trap space between itself and the first flange. A knurling is provided to the outer peripheral surface of the first flange. A knurling is provided to the outer peripheral surface of the first flange. Shavings formed during the installing of the orifice member to the filter body are captured in the trap space.

Abstract: A machine or apparatus featuring a first processor and a second processor. The first processor is configured to receive a mixture of fluid, valuable material and unwanted material and a functionalized polymer coated member configured to attach to the valuable material in an attachment rich environment, and provide an enriched functionalized polymer coated member having the valuable material attached thereto. The second processor is configured to receive a fluid and the enriched functionalized polymer coated member in a release rich environment to release the valuable material, and provide the valuable material released from the enriched functionalized polymer coated member.

Abstract: A dialyzer (15) includes a hollow fiber dialysis column (20), a liquid tubing section (12a), and a flow rate changing section (16a). The hollow fiber dialysis column (20) includes a hollow fiber membrane, a first flow channel that allows a dialysis target to flow internally of the hollow fiber membrane, and a second flow channel that allows an external liquid to flow externally of the hollow fiber membrane. The liquid tubing section (12a) tubes the dialysis target to an inlet (20a) of the first flow channel. The flow rate changing section (16a) is capable of changing a flow rate of the dialysis target at the dialysis target flowing out of an outlet (20b) of the first flow channel.

Abstract: The present specification provides a composition comprising a material of Chemical Formula 1: having a molecular weight of 500,000 to 700,000 where R1 and R2 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, or an alkyl group, and n is from 10,000 to 20,000, for forming a reverse osmosis membrane protective layer, a method for preparing a reverse osmosis membrane using the same, a reverse osmosis membrane and a water-treatment module.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling bio-slimes in a clean circulating water system through a physical-chemical-superconducting high gradient magnetic separation coupling process. An inorganic composite flocculant is added to circulating water to gather Zoogloea in the circulating water with micro-nano particles in hydrosol through demulsification to form alum floc. The resulting water passes through a superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system. A magnetic field strength of the superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system and flow rate of the circulating water are controlled to generate strong magnetic flocculation to allow floc to grow, such that the Zoogloea in the circulating water wraps the micro-nano particles to separate the Zoogloea from water.

Abstract: A waste compaction apparatus may include a housing and a connector arm. The housing may define a drive chamber and a compaction chamber and the connector arm may include a drive piston portion movably positioned within the drive chamber and a compaction piston portion movably positioned within the compaction chamber. The drive chamber may be selectively fluidly coupleable to the near-vacuum of outer space, such that the compaction piston portion of the connector arm is configured to move within the compaction chamber to compact waste material contained within the compaction chamber in response to movement of the drive piston portion of the connector arm within the drive chamber.

Abstract: A blood treatment filter comprising a filter element, an inlet-side flexible container and an outlet-side flexible container, an inlet port, and a tubular outlet port, further comprises: an outlet-side frame sheet disposed between the filter element and the outlet-side flexible container; a first seal portion provided by sealing at least the filter element and the outlet-side frame sheet in a belt-shaped manner; and an annular second seal portion provided to surround the first seal portion, wherein on an outlet side of the filter element, a valley portion is formed at the first seal portion, the outlet port includes a protruding portion that protrudes to an inside of the container, and the protruding portion is provided with an opening at least a part of which overlaps with the first seal portion and which can communicate with a gap region formed by the valley portion.

Abstract: A blood treatment filter comprising a filter element, an inlet-side flexible container and an outlet-side flexible container, an inlet port, and a tubular outlet port, further comprises: an outlet-side frame sheet disposed between the filter element and the outlet-side flexible container; a first seal portion provided by sealing at least the filter element and the outlet-side frame sheet in a belt-shaped manner; and an annular second seal portion provided to surround the first seal portion, wherein on an outlet side of the filter element, a valley portion is formed at the first seal portion, the outlet port includes a protruding portion that protrudes to an inside of the container, and the protruding portion is provided with an opening at least a part of which overlaps with the first seal portion and which can communicate with a gap region formed by the valley portion.

Abstract: A module alignment element, and a filter capsule including the module alignment element, a method of filtering fluid using the filter capsule, and a system including the filter capsule, are disclosed.

Abstract: A straight-through flow filter element is provided in which an L-shaped ring is spaced from one of the inlet and outlet flow faces. The seal member may extend therefrom in a cantilevered manner away from one of the flow faces. The spacing may be facilitated by way of spacer elements which may contact the flow face and thereby also support the flow face toward the outer perimeter.

Abstract: A blood filtration device comprising a generally cylindrical housing having an interior wall. An interior member is mounted interior of the housing and comprises an outer surface having a porous membrane disposed thereon. The housing and interior member are relatively rotatable and define an annular gap therebetween. The blood filtration device also comprises an inlet for directing fluid into the annular gap, a first outlet for exiting filtrate passing through the membrane, and a second outlet for directing from the annular gap the remaining retentate. The porous membrane comprises a first layer and a second layer.

Abstract: A solar distillation system includes solar panels, and receivers adjacent the solar panels to receive process water to be processed to purified process water. The process water flows from a first receiver to a last receiver and is heated by reflected sunlight. Vapor tubes are coupled to the receivers, with each respective vapor tube coupled between adjacent receivers. Water vapor is generated as the process water is heated within each receiver. The water vapor flows via the respective vapor tubes between the adjacent receivers towards the last receiver. A return vapor tube is coupled to the last receiver. A distillation tube is coupled to the return vapor tube to receive the water vapor. The distillation tube extends through the receivers from the last receiver to the first receiver. As the water vapor travels through the distillation tube it changes to a liquid, with the liquid being the purified process water.

Abstract: A Method for cleaning degraded oil comprising oil-soluble degradation products and a system for implementing the method are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of receiving an inlet flow (1, 1a, 1b) of degraded oil, precipitating oil-soluble degradation products from the degraded oil by cooling the degraded oil, passing the cooled degraded oil as a filtration flow (3, 3a, 3b) through a filter (104, 204, 304) so as to retain the precipitated degradation products in the filter, and discharging an outlet flow (2, 2a, 2b) of cleaned oil.