Abstract: An apparatus for protecting an integrated circuit is applied to an electrical apparatus having a control unit. The control unit is used for controlling the integrated circuit and the protecting apparatus. The protecting apparatus includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, and a control terminal. The power input terminal is used for receiving a power, and the power output terminal is used for outputting the power to the integrated circuit. The control terminal is used for receiving a control voltage of the control unit. When the control unit is at the power on mode, the control unit outputs the control voltage of a first level to prevent the power being input to the integrated circuit. Over a predetermined period of time, the control unit outputs the control voltage of a second level, so that the power can be input to the integrated through the protecting apparatus.

Abstract: A charging circuit for a frequency converter having a first feed line with a first constant current source therein and a second feed line with a second constant current source therein. An intermediate circuit capacitor connected between the first feed line and the second feed line, wherein the first constant current source that limits a charging current of the intermediate circuit capacitor. An electronic control device that controls both the first constant current source and the second constant current source in parallel.

Abstract: A power module for a field emission display and a method of power generation are described. More particularly, the power module and method of power generation both are for the field emission display in diode structure. The power module has a direct current (DC) power source, a pulse width modulation circuit connected to the DC power source for generating a pulse width modulation signal, an electronic switch connected to the pulse width modulation circuit for receiving the modulation signal so as to convert the DC power into a high-frequency alternating power supplied to the primary side of a transformer. Moreover, the second side of the transformer generates a high-voltage and a high-frequency power source to the field emission display.

Abstract: An overvoltage output protector is electrically connected to a constant-voltage switching power supply which includes a switching transistor converting a DC voltage obtained by smoothing an AC voltage supplied from an AC power source into a cyclic pulse signal. In the overvoltage output protector, an overvoltage monitor whether a potential of the cyclic pulse signal is a predetermined value or more. A deactivator turns off the switching transistor in a case where the overvoltage monitor judges that the potential of the cyclic pulse signal is the predetermined value or more.

Abstract: Resettable circuit interrupting devices, such as GFCI devices, that include reset lockout portion that does not test the circuit interrupter are provided. A resettable circuit interrupting device, such as a GFCI device that includes a reset lockout portion that prevents the reestablishing of electrical continuity if the circuit interrupting portion is non-operational. More specifically, there is disclosed a circuit interrupting portion which prevents the armature of a solenoid from moving if the solenoid overheats.

Abstract: An system and method are disclosed for isolating and grounding a load device, where grounding only occurs after the voltage(s) on the load device have been reduced to acceptable levels. The system includes power and grounding contacts, a sensing device, and a control device. The power contact determines whether a power line is coupled to a terminal of the load. The grounding contact determines whether the terminal is coupled to ground. The sensing device is coupled to the terminal, and the control device communicates with the contacts and sensing device. Upon a signal being provided to the control device, the control device causes the power contact to decouple the terminal from the power line and, upon the sensing device determining that a condition has been met concerning the terminal, the control device causes the grounding contact to couple the terminal with ground and a system indication light to be illuminated.

Abstract: A monolithic integrated circuit arrangement containing a substrate, a functional unit formed in and/or on the substrate, and an energy supply unit, which is formed in and/or on the substrate and is coupled to the functional unit and has an inductance and a permanent magnet. The inductance and the permanent magnet are arranged such that, under a vibration on the circuit arrangement, the permanent magnet is moved relative to the inductance such that an electrical induced voltage for supplying the functional unit with electrical energy is induced by the inductance.

Abstract: An electronic tripping device for low-voltage circuit-breakers comprises means for detection and calculation of a ground-fault current operatively connected to tripping means of said circuit-breaker. The means for detection and calculation comprise: current-sensor means, which supply, for each pole, a signal proportional to the current; means for detection of the sign of the current, which, for each pole, supply a signal representing the sign of the current; current-rectifying means, which, for each pole, supply a rectified signal proportional to the current circulating in said pole; and first numerical-processing means, which supply a value with sign representing a ground fault by means of a numerical-processing operation comprising the multiplication of the signal representing the sign by the corresponding rectified signal.

Abstract: A transient detection circuit which may be used in an electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit. The transient detection circuit includes a filter circuit and an inverter circuit. The voltage switch point of the inverter circuit has a constant voltage offset from one of the nodes. When a filtered voltage level from the filter circuit crosses the voltage switch point of the inverter circuit (indicative of an ESD event), the inverter circuit provides a signal indicating an ESD event.

Abstract: A stack of material sheets, which material sheets have a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction and which material sheets are folded at least once in the transverse direction along a transverse folding line and at least once in the longitudinal direction along a longitudinal folding line. The material sheets are interlinked such that, when a first material sheet is extracted, a predetermined part of the next material sheet is fed out. Two consecutive material sheets in the stack are folded into one another and are in this way interlinked by panels of the respective material sheets. The said panels constitute rectangles each having two delimiting edges namely a longitudinal fold edge and a transverse fold edge. The two consecutive material sheets lie stacked with the longitudinal fold edge of a first material sheet arranged in the opposite direction in relation to the corresponding longitudinal fold edge of the next, second material sheet.

Abstract: A multi-component device which is capable of delivering a non-lethal, high-voltage electric shock which can incapacitate a person or animal that is worn as an ordinary article of apparel (clothing) by a person for use as a defensive or offensive weapon that is not distinguishable or identifiable as a weapon. The types of apparel used as this device are regular clothing items such as pants, jackets, vests, shoes and gloves, all of which contain internal high voltage electrodes and wiring, a unique pressure sensitive activation switch, and a separate control unit that is attached to a belt or placed in a pocket which is connected to the clothing item by a separate multiconductor electrical wiring harness. The device is activated by physical contact with target subject.

Abstract: A vacuum plasma processor includes an electrode array with plural mutually-insulated electrodes forming a bottom or top electrode of the plasma processor. When the electrode array is part of the bottom electrode, the electrodes of the array are parts of a thermoelectric, Peltier effect arrangement responsive to localized temperature sensors and are parts of an electrostatic chuck. The thermoelectric arrangement controls localized temperature of workpieces and the chucking voltages indicate workpiece position relative to a workpiece holder including the electrodes. The electrodes of the arrays are coupled to circuitry for determining and/or controlling at least one localized plasma electric parameter at different locations of a workpiece and/or the plasma. The circuitry simultaneously supplies RF power having differing frequencies and/or power levels to different electrodes of the arrays and includes separate matching networks connected to the different electrodes of the array.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp used for a vehicle, includes a semiconductor light emitting element for generating light to be emitted by the vehicular lamp and a current controlling unit for changing a current supplied to the semiconductor light emitting element based on the speed of the vehicle. The current controlling unit may reduce the current, if the speed of the vehicle is lower than a predetermined speed. The current controlling unit may reduce the current, if the vehicle is stopped.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for protection against overcurrents in an electrical energy distribution cabinet which receives electrical energy supplied by at least one generator and which distributes this energy to at least two loads, which comprises: switching means (20), means (23; C) for calculating the absolute value of the difference between at least one current entering the said cabinet and at least one corresponding current leaving the said cabinet, for at least one harmonic of these currents, comparison means (24) which control the opening of the switching means (20) if this absolute value is greater than a predetermined threshold (S).

Abstract: An overcurrent detecting device for detecting an overcurrent in a load circuit, includes a DC power supply, a load, a semiconductor switch that controls ON/OFF of the load, a driver circuit that outputs a driving signal to the semiconductor switch, a reference voltage generating circuit that generates a reference voltage from the DC power supply, a voltage drop generating circuit that includes a resistor for generating a voltage drop and generates a voltage drop in the resistor for generating a voltage drop, a decision voltage generating circuit that generates, as a decision voltage, a voltage corresponding to a voltage obtained by adding a voltage drop generated when the semiconductor switch is turned ON and a voltage drop generated in the resistor for generating a voltage drop, and a comparing circuit that compares the decision voltage with the reference voltage and outputs a disconnecting command signal of the semiconductor switch to the driver circuit when the decision voltage is greater than the referenc

Abstract: There is disclosed a power conversion circuit including self synchronous rectifiers and a rapid shutdown section. When power is removed from the power conversion circuit, the rapid shutdown section prevents self oscillation of the self synchronous rectifiers. As a result, power is not drawn from the output and dissipated in the power conversion circuit.

Abstract: A structure and apparatus is provided for an electrostatic discharge power clamp, for use with high voltage power supplies. The power clamp includes a network of transistor devices, for example, nFETs arranged in series between a power rail and a ground rail. The first transistor device is biased into a partially on-state, and thus, neither device sees the full voltage potential between the power rail and the ground rail. Accordingly, the power clamp can function in voltage environments higher than the native voltage of the transistor devices. Additionally, the second transistor device is controlled by an RC network functioning as a trigger which allows the second transistor device to turn on during a voltage spike such as occurs during an ESD event. The capacitor of the RC network may be small thereby requiring small real estate on the integrated circuit. The clamp may have fast turn-on times as well as conducting current for long periods of time after turning on.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides a UPS including a precharge circuit and a battery pack sensor electrically coupled to the precharge circuit. The sensor senses the presence of an extra battery pack. The precharge circuit includes: a first precharge contact; a capacitor having first and second leads, the first lead electrically coupled to the first contact; a second precharge contact electrically coupled to the second lead of the capacitor; a current limiting circuit having first and second leads, the first lead of the current limiting circuit electrically coupled to the first lead of the capacitor; and a third precharge contact electrically coupled to the second lead of the current limiting circuit. The UPS can further include an enclosure having a housing and a battery connector integral to the housing, the battery connector adapted to receive the first, second and third precharge contacts.

Abstract: The over-current protection device of the present invention uses the unbalanced properties of the thermal expansion coefficients between the outer and inner sides for an upper metallic conductive sheet and a lower metallic conductive sheet to generate a torque to deform outwardly. The torque is used to pull a current-sensing element and present with at least a cracking face, so as to introduce an electrically open effect similar to a fuse. Thus, the present invention can achieve the object for preventing the danger of circuit system by the short circuit during the burning of over-current protection device.

Abstract: A DC to DC controller for controlling an inrush current from a DC to DC converter to a battery system having an internal isolating switch. The DC to DC controller is configured to control the DC to DC converter based on a state of the internal isolating switch. If the switch is open, the DC to DC controller adjusts the output voltage of the DC to DC converter to a predetermined voltage level. Based on the value of such voltage level, in rush current from the DC to DC converter to the battery system can be reduced or eliminated when the isolating switch changes from an open state to a closed state. An electronic device including such a DC to DC controller is provided. Related methods for controlling inrush current are also provided.