Abstract: Method for the highly selective transesterification of alkyl 3-alkoxypropionates, as well as several novel alkoxypropionate compounds, are provided. Transesterification catalyzed by titanium alkoxides or tin compounds does not catalyze the Michael reaction, and therefore, provide highly selective transesterification reactions of these reactive materials.

Abstract: A process is described which permits to prepare substantially pure 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, by reacting 4-bromo-2-tert-butylphenol with a methoxide in an organic solvent.The process permits to obtain a substantially pure 2-isomer, and avoids the need for the separation of the 2- and 3-isomers.

Abstract: Dichloropinacolone is produced by introducing into pinacolone twice the molar amount of chlorine, the exothermic reaction mass being cooled initially to maintain the temperature below about 50.degree. C. until about 60 to 80% of the chlorine has been introduced, and then heating the reaction mass to a temperature above 50.degree. C. during introducing of the remainder of the chlorine, thereby to produce dichloropinacolone, and terminating chlorine introduction when the dichloropinacolone content of the reaction mass is at least about 97%. The molten product is added to an aqueous solution of an alkali maintained at a temperature of at least about 50.degree. C., the alkali being present in more than three times the molar amount of the dichloropinacolone. To the resulting solution of a salt of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-butyric acid, brought to a pH of about 9 to 12, there is added approximately the stoichiometric amount of potassium permanganate. Solid MnO.sub.

Abstract: In order to prepare phenylalanine n-propyl ester hydrochloride, phenylalanine hydrochloride is reacted with n-propanol in the molar ration 1: (5 to 20) at temperatures from 80.degree. to 110.degree. C., preferably 85.degree. to 105.degree. C., at pressures from 0.1 to 1.5 bar in the presence of 0.1 to 0.75 mole of HCl/mole of phenylalanine hydrochloride as catalyst and in the presence of water entrainer, a concentration of water entrainer of 20 to 50% by weight being maintained in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method for producing .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine dimethyl ester, which comprises reacting 3-benzyl-6-carboxymethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine or methyl ester thereof in a methanolic solvent substantially free from water in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester having improved solubilization by the isolation thereof from an aqueous medium containing at least one additive selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, sodium starch glycolate and sodium polyacrylate.

Abstract: Fatty acid esters of polyglycerol polyglycol ethers obtained by reaction of polyglycerols in known manner with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and esterification of the alkylene oxide adduct obtained with fatty acids, containing from 2 to 15 moles ethylene oxide, from 10 to 60 moles propylene oxide and from 1 to 3 moles fatty acid being used per mole of hydroxyl groups in the polyglycerol, are effective as foam inhibitors.

Abstract: A dual mineral salt consisting essentially of magnesium, potassium and citrate. A method for manufacturing the subject salt in a form having a bulk density ranging from about 1.0 g/cc to about 1.3 g/cc is also disclosed, and the use of the subject salt as a dietary supplement are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing water from a mixture of hydrogen fluoride (HF), a carboxylic acid, e.g., acetic acid, and water by extractive distillation in the presence of a Lewis base as solvent, which does not azeotrope with water, forms bonds with the HF and carboxylic acid which can be broken by heat and has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure at least about 20.degree. C. above that of the carboxylic acid, e.g., N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and taking off an overhead vapor comprising a major proportion of the water in said mixture. The extractive distillation may be advantageously integrated in an overall process with the production of an aromatic ketone, e.g., 4-hydroxyacetophone, by the Friedel-Crafts acylation of an aromatic compound, e.g., phenol, with the carboxylic acid, using HF as catalyst, to produce a product mixture comprising the aromatic ketone, HF, carboxylic acid and water, and the removal of aromatic ketone from the product mixture by means of a solvent assisted distillation.

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as biphenyl, are alkylated with an alkylating agent, such as propylene, in the presence of an acidic mordenite zeolite catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a mixture of substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds enriched in the para alkylated isomers, such as p,p'-di(isopropyl)biphenyl. The novel acidic mordenite catalyst is characterized by its silica/alumina molar ratio, its porosity, and a Symmetry Index. The p,p'-disubstituted isomers of polycyclic aromatic compounds are useful as monomers in the preparation of thermotropic, liquid crystal polymers.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is produced by the partial oxidation of a feedstock comprising a high silicon and sulfur-containing heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel and/or petroleum coke or tar sands having nickel and vanadium-containing ashes in admixture with a silicon and manganese-containing ash fusion temperature modifying agent in a vertical free-flow unobstructed reaction zone lined with a refractory which comprises in wt. %: silicon-containing material about 95 to 99.8, iron oxide about 0.1 to 1.0, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 about 0.1 to 1.0, CaO about 0 to 0.4, and others about 0 to 1.2.

Abstract: .alpha.-methyl-.alpha.-(3,4-dihydro-1-naphthyl)acetic acid, i.e. dinaproic acid, has such valuable analgesic and antiinflammatory activities, as to be useful in human therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new carbazates of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A is C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 haloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, phenyl-C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 alkenyl, naphthyl-C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, furyl which can be nitro-substituted, diphenyl-hydroxymethyl or indazolyl which can be substituted by one or more C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy groups; andR is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl,and acid addition salts thereof, a process for the preparation thereof and feed additives comprising the same.The compounds of formula (I) may be used in animal husbandry due to their weight-gain increasing and fodder utilization improving effect.

Abstract: Hydrocinnamic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein one or two of the symbols R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are halogen or methoxy and the others are hydrogen;R.sup.5 is hydrogen or phenyl;R.sup.6 is a residue of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.7 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.5)-alkanoylamino-(C.sub.2 -C.sub.5)-alkyl, amino or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxyphenyl;R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each, independently, are hydrogen or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl;R.sup.10 is hydrogen and R.sup.11 is hydroxy or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 taken together are oxo;R.sup.12 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)-alkyl, pyridylmethyl or carbamoylmethyl;R.sup.13 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl and R.sup.14 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, pyridyl, phenyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, carboxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, carbamoyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy carbonyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy carbonyl-C.sub.2 -C.sub.5)-alky, piperidino-C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing 2-(4-amidophenoxy)alkanoic acids and esters and 2-(4-aminophenoxy)alkanoic acids and esters by reacting a hydroxyaromatic ketone derivative with a 2-substituted alkanoic acid or ester under basic conditions and thereafter reacting with a hydroxylamine derivative and conducting a Beckmann Rearrangement in the presence of a catalyst with subsequent solvolysis.

Abstract: A process for producing and refining trisubstituted glycol monoesters, e.g., 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoester. The improvement resides in immediately distilling the crude condensation product mixture as it leaves the reactor before it has cooled or had any contact with added water.

Abstract: Dipeptide alkyl esters whose alkyl group contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms can be converted to the corresponding methyl ester compound by a rapid, gentle transesterification in anhydrous methanol in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate, without racemization occuring on the two chiral carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel quaternary ammonium salts of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein: R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8.R' is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical of C.sub.1 to C.sub.12, or a benzyl radical.n is a number equal to 2 or 3.X.sup..theta. is a halogenide anion, such as Cl.sup..theta., Br.sup..theta., I.sup..theta., are used as phase transfer catalysts, in heterogeneous ionic reactions wherein the reagents are in different phase and have different polarity.

Abstract: Adsorbents comprising partially dried amorphous silica hydrogels having a moisture content of at least about 25 wt % and an average pore diameter of about 60 Angstroms or less are useful in processes for the removal of trace contaminants, specifically phospholipids and associated metal ions, from glyceride oils. Treatment of the partially dried hydrogels with organic acid increases their adsorption capacity for these trace contaminants.

Abstract: A benzamide derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxyalkoxy, alkenylalkoxy, alkenylalkoxyalkoxy, alkynylalkoxy, alkynylalkoxyalkoxy, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino or O-cat wherein cat is an inorganic or organic cation.