Abstract: A reforming process, selective for the dehydrocyclization of paraffins to aromatics, is effected using a bed of catalyst particles containing multiple Group VIII (8-10) noble metals having different gradients within the catalyst particles and a nonacidic large-pore molecular sieve. The use of this bed of catalyst particles results in greater selectivity of conversion of paraffins to aromatics and improved catalyst stability, particularly in the presence of small amounts of sulfur.
Abstract: A sorbent capable of removing trace amounts of oxygen (ppt) from a gas stream at a high temperature above 200.degree. C. comprising a porous alumina silicate support such as zeolite containing from 1 to 10 percent by weight of ion exchanged transition metal such as copper or cobalt ions and 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight of an activator selected from a platinum group metal such as platinum. The activation temperature, oxygen sorption and reducibility are all improved by the presence of the platinum activator.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 16, 1992
Date of Patent:
May 24, 1994
Assignee:
The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Abstract: An AT-cut crystal oscillating reed formed by etching an AT-cut crystal wafer is provided. The wafer has a rotational parallel cut obtained by rotating a parallel cut by an angular degree of .theta..degree. relative to the X-axis of the wafer. The etching cross-section of the AT-cut crystal oscillating reed has a surface at an angle about 90.degree. from the front or back surface of the AT-cut crystal oscillating reed. This AT-cut crystal oscillating reed exhibits uniform characteristics and excellent reliability. Also provided is an AT-cut crystal oscillating reed with a low CI value. Finally, a method of etching an AT-cut crystal oscillating reed from an AT-cut crystal wafer is provided. A corrosion resisting film with gaps coats the wafer and is used in the etching process. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the wafer is designated t, the width of the gaps in the corrosion resisting films is designated l, and l.ltoreq.t/tan .theta..
Abstract: Stable aqueous suspensions of zeolite 4A which can be easily pumped, containing from 0.5 to 65% of zeolite and from 0.05 to 6 g (per 100 g of zeolite) of a suspending agent, composed of mixtures of ethoxylated alkanols, said mixtures being obtained by ethoxylating: a) biodegradable branched alkanols, having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and having a single branching in position 2, said mixtures containing at least 2 alkanols having a different number of C atoms; or b) mixtures containing 40-100% of branched alkanols as in a) and 60-0% of linear alkanols having from 10 to 18 C atoms.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 29, 1992
Date of Patent:
May 17, 1994
Assignee:
Enichem Augusta Industriale S.r.l.
Inventors:
Paolo Colombo, Pier D. Mattioli, Luigi Valtorta, Pierino Radici
Abstract: The catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas has at least gallium and a zeolite and an exhaust gas purifying method using the catalyst. Nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced and eliminated by the catalyst in an oxidative atmosphere at a reaction temperature of 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. and under the presence of a hydrocarbon at the total THC concentration/NO.sub.x concentration of from 0.5 to 50.
Abstract: A process is provided for dealuminization of zeolites having large pores, the diameter of the aperture of the pores being greater than or equal to about 0.7 nm and the silica/alumina ratio greater than or equal to about 6. The process comprises acid leaching of the raw zeolite containing the structuring agent.The dealuminized zeolites obtained are useful as catalysts for the transformation of hydrocarbons and as selective organophilic adsorbents.
Abstract: This invention relates to a treated pillared clay made by the process comprising the steps of:(A) contacting at least one clay with an effective amount of at least one ammonium ion source to exchange sodium and/or calcium ions in said clay for ammonium ions to provide an ammonium-containing clay, said clay comprising metal oxides and hydroxides and having a lamellar structure with lamellar layers and interlamellar spaces disposed between the lamellar layers and exchangeable sodium and/or calcium ions occupying said interlamellar spaces;(B) contacting said ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one source of fluorine to replace at least part of the hydroxyl groups in said clay with fluorine to provide a fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay;(C) contacting said fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one pillaring agent to form a fluorine-containing pillared clay; and(D) contacting said fluorine-containing pillared clay with an effective amount of at l
Abstract: A method for demetallating crystalline molecular sieve materials by removing a transition metal in the sieve framework with a complexing agent.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 1, 1993
Date of Patent:
May 3, 1994
Assignee:
Exxon Research & Engineering Company
Inventors:
David E. W. Vaughan, Karl G. Strohmaier
Abstract: A process and catalyst are provided for hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock consisting essentially of material boiling between about 150.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. which comprises reacting the feedstock with hydrogen at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising hydrogenation metals and a support comprising zeolite Y. The hydrogenation metals comprise from about 0.1 percent to about 2.0 percent by weight each of palladium and platinum calculated as a percentage of the catalyst. The zeolite Y further comprises sodium in an amount ranging from about 1.5 to about 8.0 percent of the zeolite Y by weight. The process of the present invention provides substantially improved dearomatization performance, increased desulfurization and denitrogenation, increased distillate product cetane number, and increased distillate volume expansion.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 8, 1992
Date of Patent:
May 3, 1994
Assignee:
Amoco Corporation
Inventors:
Simon G. Kukes, Frederick T. Clark, P. Donald Hopkins
Abstract: There is described a catalyst for purification of exhaust gases containing nitrogen oxides wherein oxygen is co-existent in excess of a stoichiometric amount, characterized in that a coprecipitated mixed oxide of copper and tin is loaded on a carrier composed of at least one type selected from the group consisting of crystalline aluminosilicate, aluminogallosilicate and gallosilicate, or the coprecipitated mixed oxide of copper and tin and further at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, silver and gold are co-loaded thereon.This invention provides a lean NOx purification catalyst having high NOx purification performance and markedly increased durability over a wide temperature range.
Abstract: A zeolite based catalyst for activation and conversion of methane. A zeolite support includes a transition metal (Mo, Cr or W) sulfide disposed within the micropores of the zeolite. The catalyst allows activation and conversion of methane to C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons in a reducing atmosphere, thereby avoiding formation of oxides of carbon.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 1, 1992
Date of Patent:
April 26, 1994
Assignee:
ARCH Development Corporation
Inventors:
Victor A. Maroni, Lennox E. Iton, James W. Pasterczyk, Markus Winterer, Theodore R. Krause
Abstract: A silica-containing bayerite alumina is prepared by reacting aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate and sodium silicate at a pH of about 10.5 to 11.5, preferably in the presence of finely divided magnesium hydroxide "seeds". The silica-containing bayerite is heated to obtain a hydrothermally stable silica "stabilized" eta alumina which may be used in the preparation of catalytic compositions.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 28, 1992
Date of Patent:
April 19, 1994
Assignee:
W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.
Inventors:
Norman R. Laine, John A. Rudesill, Wu-Cheng Cheng
Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalysts are combined with a rare-earth, preferably lanthanum-containing catalyst/additive to enhance the cracking activity and selectivity in the presence of nickel and vanadia (Ni and V). The preferred additives comprise lanthanum, neodynium oxide and/or oxychloride dispersed in a clay/alumina matrix, wherein the alumina is derived from an aluminum hydroxychloride sol.
Abstract: A disproportionation catalyst for olefins and a process for disproportionation of olefins using said catalyst are disclosed. The catalyst is a mixture of one part by weight of a first catalyst component comprising silica gel carrying thereon a tungsten oxide or its precursor and a Group I metal oxide or a compound convertible to Group I metal oxide; and 8-75 parts by weight of a second catalyst component which is alumina having a specific surface area of 20-120 m.sup.2 /g, and preferably carrying thereon a Group I or Group III metal oxide or a compound convertible to such an oxide. It exhibits a remarkably extended life of disporportionation activity and is thus applicable to the industrial use. The catalyst, therefore, can produce industrially useful compounds at a low cost by the application of the olefin disproportionation.
Abstract: A catalyst is provided which contains 1 to 99 wt. % of an inorganic binder and 99 to 1% of a zeolite consisting of a faujasite having an Si:Al synthesis ratio at least equal to 3 and 30 and the compensation cations of this zeolite consist partly or wholly of cations of one or more elements chosen from H, B, Al, Ga, In, rare earth metals and transition metals. The catalyst can also contain up to 15%, referred to the total weight of the binder and zeolite, of a catalytically active metal of the noble, non-noble transition or other type which is not already present in the compensation cations of the zeolite. The catalyst can be used in acid catalysis reactions carried out on hydrocarbon feedstock, in particular in fluidized bed catalytic cracking.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 17, 1992
Date of Patent:
April 19, 1994
Assignee:
Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine
Inventors:
Thierry Des Courieres, Jean-Louis Guth, Joel Patarin, Catherine Zivkov
Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for isomerization of a C8 aromatic cut containing a mordenite characterized in that said mordenite contains at least one metal of groups IIa, IVb, IIb or IVa and is such that:its overall Si/Al atomic ratio is between 6 and 15,its sodium content by weight relative to the weight of dry mordenite is less than 2000 ppm,its elementary mesh volume is between 2.725 and 2.785 nm.sup.3,its n-hexane adsorption capacity is greater than 0.065 cm.sup.3 of liquid/gram,its isooctane adsorption capacity is less than 0.068 cm.sup.3 of liquid/gram.The invention also relates to the preparation of this mordenite by grafting on an H-shaped mordenite of at least one organometallic compound of said metal.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 17, 1993
Date of Patent:
April 12, 1994
Assignee:
Institut Francais Du Petrole
Inventors:
Jean M. Basset, Agnes Choplin, Francis Raatz, Albert Theolier, Christine Travers
Abstract: A process and product wherein a siliceous particulate material, that has been treated at room temperature with silicone thinned with a volatile thinner, is rendered hydrophobic and capable of absorbing oil. Particle size is between 25 and 4500 microns and treatment of the particulate material with silicone is in the proportion of approximately 5 liters of the thinned silicone to 1 cubic meter of the particulate material.
Abstract: When a zeolite additive composition of a medium-pore zeolite with a Constraint Index from about 1 to about 12 and a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 is added to a conventional cracking catalyst dispersed in an inorganic matrix, the octane will be improved, but there will be a yield loss in the amount of gasoline produced. An improvement in that catalyst system is obtained by partially exchanging the medium-pore zeolite additive with cations from one or more elements of Group IA, Group IIA or Group IIIA of the Periodic Table. The octane number of the gasoline-range product of an FCC process is still improved while the amount of the gasoline yield loss typically observed for such octane-enhancing additives is reduced.
Abstract: Disclosed is a vanadium trap for use in FCC which comprises a major amount of calcined kaolin clay, free magnesium oxide and an in situ formed magnesium silicate cement binder. Also disclosed are procedures for the preparation of the trap by forming a slurry in water of hydrous kaolin clay, magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and sodium silicate, aging the slurry to form magnesium silicate in situ, optionally adding additional kaolin, colloidal silica or both, spray drying, and calcining the resulting spray dried microspheres without forming appreciable amounts of crystalline magnesium silicates or crystalline magnesium aluminates.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 8, 1992
Date of Patent:
April 5, 1994
Assignee:
Engelhard Corporation
Inventors:
Michel Deeba, John M. Macaoay, Paul R. Suitch, Roland von Ballmoos