Abstract: The preparation and the use of base/clay composites materials as sorbents for the removal of SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 (SO.sub.x) from flue gas and other sulfur containing gas streams is described. The base is either an alkaline earth metal carbonate (e.g. CaCO.sub.3) or hydroxide (e.g. Ca(OH).sub.2) and is incorporated onto the clay by hydrating a dry physical mixture of an alkaline earth metal oxide, a smectite clay and a second metal oxide, or metal oxide precursor to form a powdered composite material. The second metal oxide, preferably selected from transition metal ions, act as an oxidation catalyst for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide. The use of clay as dispersing agent for both the basic oxide and the catalytic oxide component decreases the particle agglomeration of base particles and increases the rate of SO.sub.x uptake compared to the bulk bases in current use.

Abstract: The catalyst according to the present invention can be utilized effectively as an ozone decomposing catalyst for catalytically decomposing to eliminate ozone contained in a gas and/or an ozone deodorizing catalyst for decomposing offensive odor ingredients contained in a gas by catalytic oxidation under the pretense of ozone, and it contains at least manganese carbonate as the essential component in the catalyst composition. Further, the catalyst contains, particularly preferably, MnO.sub.x (in which x=1.6-2.0) in addition to manganese carbonate and such a catalyst is obtained by applying a heat treatment to a catalyst raw material containing manganese carbonate in an oxidative atmosphere at 100.degree.-420.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel beidellite clay, a process for preparing the clay and processes using the clay. The clay has the empirical formulaA.sub.x (Al.sub.4)(Si.sub.8-x Al.sub.x)(O.sub.20)(OH.sub.4-u F.sub.u)where A is a cation, x is the moles of A and varies from about 0.1 to about 2, and u varies from about 0.1 to about 3.5. The clay is prepared from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of aluminum and silicon, a cation salt, a fluoride source and water. The mixture is reacted at a pH of about 4 to about 9, a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 300.degree. C. for a time of about 1 to about 20 days. The clay composition may be used as is or after pillaring to catalyze hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of colloidal, stabilized silica sol as an auxiliary for stabilizing and/or increasing the activity of catalysts which show a tendency towards activity-reducing sintering under high-temperature conditions.

Abstract: There are disclosed a new L-type zeolite and a catalyst comprising said zeolite, having a high and persistent catalytic activity for a long-term production of aromatic hydrocarbon and a process for efficiently producing aromatic hydrocarbons from nonaromatic hydrocarbon by the use of the catalyst. The L-type zeolite with both platinum components and halogen components supported thereon, has a peak intensity of 0.4 or less as determined by XANES and a small amount of dealuminization.

Abstract: A method is provided for the nondestructive trivalent cation ion exchange of molecular sieves comprising ion exchanging at least one molecular sieve with at least one trivalent cation, wherein the ion exchange is performed at ion exchange conditions with an ion exchange solution comprising the trivalent cation, a trivalent cation complexing agent, and a suitable amount of a hydroxide-producing component to form an ion exchange solution having a pH ranging from about 4 to about 8.

Abstract: A hydrocracking catalyst with improved distillate selectivity comprises, in addition to a metal component, a mesoporous crystalline material together with a molecular sieve component of relatively smaller pore size. The metal component of the catalyst is preferably associated with the high-surface area mesoporous component and high-metal loadings can be achieved in order to give good hydrogenation activity to the catalyst. The relatively smaller pore size component is preferably a large pore size zeolite such as zeolite Y or an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5; this component provides a higher level of acidic functionality than the mesoporous component, achieving a functional separation in the hydrocracking process, permitting the metals loading and acidic activities to be optimized for good catalyst selectivity and activity. The catalysts enable the distillate selectivities comparable to amorphous catalyst to be achieved with improved conversion activity.

Abstract: An improved method for removing organic residue from ZSM-18 which can be used during zeolite synthesis or with an as-synthesized ZSM-18. When used during synthesis, a minute amount of noble metal is incorporated into the ZSM-18. Alternatively, a noble metal-containing precursor is impregnated onto as-synthesized ZSM-18. Thereafter, ZSM-18 united with the noble metal is reduced in hydrogen at 200.degree. C. for about 1 hour. Next, ZSM-18 united with the noble metal is calcined at 300.degree. C. for 10-24 hours, and subsequently at 500.degree. C. for 1-3 hours thereby producing a ZSM-18 material that is free of organic residue.

Abstract: Attrition-resistant binders can be prepared by a process wherein a slurry of delaminated and calcined clay particles is brought to either a low pH level (e.g., 1.0 to 3.0) or to a high pH level (e.g., 14.0 to 10.0) and mixed with a phosphate-containing compound in a concentration of from about 2.0 to about 20.0 weight percent. Preferably, the resulting slurry is spray dried and the particulate products of the spray drying are then calcined to produce attrition-resistant binder particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emission control device containing a catalytic material capable of reducing pollutants in the combustion gases generated from an internal combustion engine, as well as from other combusted solid and liquid fossil fuels such as coal, and is also useful for treating combustion gases generated from the incineration of landfill garbage and tire rubber, among others. The catalytic material of the present invention is highly resistant to deactivation or poisoning from contaminants in the combusted material such as leaded gasoline. The catalytic material predominantly comprises a plagioclase feldspar belonging mainly to the albite-anorthite series and contains small amounts of mica, kaolinite and serpentine, and optionally contains magnetite.

Abstract: A composition comprising a coprecipitated magnesia-lanthana-alumina (MgO-La.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) wherein the MgO component is present as microcrystalline phase, having a BET (N.sub.2) surface area of at least 130 m.sup.2 /g, preferably combined with a catalytic oxidation and/or reducing promoter metal such as ceria, vanadia and/or titania.

Abstract: A mild hydrocracking catalyst contains amorphous matrix, zeolite, at least one metal compound selected from Group VIB and at least one metal compound selected from Group VIII. The catalyst is characterized in that the incorporated REUHP zeolite has dual pore distribution at <20 .ANG. and around 200 .ANG. and 3-10 percent by weight lanthanum, cerium, or mixed rare earth oxide. The amorphous matrix is .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in which 80% total pore volume is contributed by pores having a diameter larger than 50 .ANG. and 60% total pore volume is contributed by pores having a diameter in the range of 50-100 .ANG.. A phosphorus promoter may be incorporated into the catalyst of this invention. The atom ratio of VIII/(VIII+VIB) in the catalyst is in the range of 0.2-0.8. The catalyst of this invention is especially suitable for one-stage once-through mild hydrocracking of heavy oil boiling above 350.degree. C. The tail oil boiling above 350.degree. C. is a high-quality feedstock for steam cracking.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst for converting hydrocarbons involves spray-drying a slurry containing crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and magnesium silicate mineral. The magnesium silicate mineral functioning as a metal trap contains 10 to 60 wt % of magnesium as an oxide. The magnesium silicate mineral has been treated with a phosphorus-containing solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process using a novel dioctahedral smectite layered clay as the catalyst. The clay is characterized in that the aluminum and silicon in the clay can be substituted by gallium, silicon and germanium respectively. Therefore, some of the possible clays that can be prepared are gallium/silicon, gallium/germanium, or aluminum/germanium smectite clays. The clay is prepared from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of the metals, i.e., aluminum, silicon, gallium and germanium, a templating agent and water. The clay compositions can be used as is or after pillaring the layers with pillars such as alumina or zirconia. The hydrocarbon processes which can be catalyzed by these clays include cracking, hydrocracking and alkylation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process using a novel beidellite layered clay as the catalyst. The clay is characterized in that it is substantially free of sodium cations, is composed of crystals whose average crystallites size is about 50-150 Angstroms, has a surface area of at least 80 m.sup.2 /g and has its 060 X-ray diffraction peak at a d-spacing of 1.50 Angstroms. The clay is prepared from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of aluminum and silicon, a templating agent and water. The mixture is reacted at a pH of about 8.5 to about 14, a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 210.degree. C. for a time of about 1 to about 20 days. The clay may be used as is or after pillaring the layers with pillars such as alumina, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, etc. The hydrocarbon processes which can be catalyzed by this clay are cracking, hydrocracking and alkylation of both aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The catalyst according to the present invention can be utilized effectively as an ozone decomposing catalyst for catalytically decomposing to eliminate ozone contained in a gas or as an ozone deodorizing catalyst for decomposing offensive odor ingredients contained in a gas by catalytic oxidation under the pretense of ozone, and it comprises a composition containing Mn oxide, metal Pd and/or Pd oxide as the essential ingredients formed as a thin film on a support. Further, the performance of the catalyst can be improved by using Mn oxide and Pd as the essential ingredient and using an alumina sol as a binder upon preparation.

Abstract: A composite catalyst containing:an MFI zeolite in hydrogen form, the framework containing at least one of the elements silicon, aluminium and/or gallium; a matrix; gallium; at least one noble metal of the platinum family, at least one additional metal selected from the group made up to tin, germanium, indium, copper, iron, molybdenum, gallium, thallium, gold, silver, ruthenium, chromium, tungsten and lead, and possibly a compound selected from the group made up of alkali and alkaline earth metals.Its preparation and its use in reactions for aromatising hydrocarbons containing 2 to 9 carbon atoms per molecule.

Abstract: Molecular sieves, particularly zeolites, are prepared using templates derived from a 4-azonia-tricyclo[5.2.n.0.sup.2,6 ]alkene family of compounds. The templates may be prepared in a series of reaction steps which include a Diels-Alder reaction between a diene and a dienophile.

Abstract: A process for forming a copper wiring is composed of modifying a surface of a copper film to copper sulfide, forming the wiring pattern by etching to define a desired design of the wiring, reducing copper sulfide film to copper, and applying an insulation film to the surroundings of the wiring pattern of copper. Successively forming of the wiring is done by processing in a multichamber equipment having functions of the above.

Abstract: A method is described for producing stacked optical waveguides in a silicon dioxide substrate and includes the steps of: etching a first trench in the substrate; filling the first trench with a glassy optical transmission media; depositing a layer of silicon dioxide over the filled trench; etching a second trench in the silicon dioxide layer, the second trench aligned with the first trench; and filling the second trench with a glassy optical transmission media.