Abstract: A heat flux meter for measuring heat flux in a hot environment, such as, a coal-fired boiler, includes a cup-shaped body member of one-piece construction having an internal cavity in which is mounted an annular thermoelectrically-dissimilar member from that of the body member and in heat and electrically conducting contact with the body member. Electrically conducting wires of the same metal as the annular member enter the cavity and are connected to the center of the circular portion of the body member and to the annular member. An e.m.f. is induced by the difference in temperature between the center of the disc portion and the annular member. Since the body member is of one piece construction and the heat flux meter is sealed to the walls of the boiler, gases from the hot environment cannot enter the cavity and cause failure of the meter.

Abstract: A method of coating testing comprises applying a consistantly perpendicular minimum tension force to a dolly for testing to see if the adhesive bond strength between a coating and a substrate meets a minimum specification for such bond. The tester comprises a ram passing through an axially centered opening in a dolly bonded to the coating. A piston and cylinder are associated with the ram and the dolly so that pressure within the piston chamber formed thereby causes the development of a tension force within the dolly which is perpendicular to the coating being tested because of the coaxially centered orientation of the dolly with respect to the ram. The pressure is increased only to a point wherein the tension force is equal to a minimum specification for bonding adhesion. If the coating has not separated from the substrate, the bond therebetween meets the specification. The testing apparatus may then be removed by causing the bonding agent attaching the dolly to the coating to fail as by heating.

Abstract: A mechanical door chime powered by movement of a pivoting door in a frame includes means for mechanically storing energy, means for producing sound operatively coupled to the output of the energy storing means, a rigid inclined surface coupled to the door or its frame, a base mounted proximate the pivoting junction between the door and its frame opposite the surface with a rigid plunger having a rotating contact arbored at one end, where the plunger is restrained to slide rectilinearly in said base, the rotating contact at it's end abutting against the rigid surface coupled to the door as the door pivots open causing linear movem ent of the plunger relative to the base as the door is opened, and means coupling the plunger to the energy storing means for energizing the energy storing means responsive to the liner movement of the plunger.

Abstract: A process for the formation of a sample which does not require any external energy for determining the content of dissociable polar liquids in gases, expanded bodies, pouring charges of granular material, or electrically non-conductive liquids. The invention further relates to the provision of a sample probe which does not require external energy and which is applicable to the implementation of the process. A powder having a grain size in the range of between about 0.001 to 1 mm of an electrically deformable material having a crystalline or amorphic structure with at least a partial ionic bond and a specific resistance of at least 10.sup.5 Ohm/cm is compressed between two electrodes under a pressure of at least 100 bar, and continually maintained under pressure, whereby at least a portion of the components maintaining the powder under pressure is permeable to the moisture encompassing the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and to a process for measuring the energy supplied in particular by a pulsed laser beam. The apparatus comprises a material having a high dipole moment and freely orientable dipoles. This material is able to absorb the energy supplied by the beam, the interaction of the beam and the material leading to a temperature rise in the latter, which is proportional to the energy absorbed. This leads to a variation in the dielectric constant of the material. In addition, an apparatus is provided which make it possible to measure the variation of the dielectric constant.

Abstract: A sensor element for a liquid level sensor of the "light prism" type is constructed so as to have a gradually tapering frusto-conical shape and a sensing surface at its lower tip. Such a shape has a tendency to collomate the light transmitted within it and to concentrate all critical reflections in the lower tip of the sensor element, thereby defining a relatively concentrated sensing area. At the same time, the sensor element is shaped and dimensioned in the vicinity of the sensing surface so that the surface tension of the droplet causes the droplet to be lifted upwardly and away from the sensing surface. Any deliterious effect of the droplet on the sensing ability of the sensor is thereby avoided.

Abstract: A hand held and hand operated apparatus for analysis of the relationship between numerical values and displayed greyscale of pixels making up an image matrix. The apparatus has a pair of relatively movable members that are located relative to each other to display a greyscale in comparison relationship to window and level scales used to provide rapid analysis of a greyscale distribution of a given image. The members comprise a first cylindrical member concentrically accommodating a cylindrical sleeve. The first member has viewing ports ruled with scales representing values of selected window and level. The sleeve has the greyscale which can be selectively longitudinally and rotatably positioned relative to a viewing port to provide analysis information concerning the greyscale distribution of an image, such as the image on an X-ray film or displayed on a CRT.

Abstract: A detector for a gas analyzer includes a thermal detector, an absorptive film on the surface of said thermal detector, and an enclosure containing a reference gas of the gas species of interest such that the thermal detector is in thermal contact with both the absorptive film and the reference gas. During irradiation, the absorptive film absorbs radiation which passes through the reference gas and causes the thermal detector to generate a corresponding output. When the irradiation is terminated, the heat content of the reference gas, which will be dependent upon the amount of the radiation absorbed, will be communicated to the thermal detector to cause the thermal detector to provide a second output representing the amount of radiation absorbed by the reference gas.

Abstract: A magnetic fluid sealing device has a housing, a shaft accommodated in the housing, a plurality of permanent magnets disposed, in series, coaxially with each other, and polepieces disposed between the two adjoining magnets. The polepieces have one or more concave grooves to form a plurality of knife edges for concentrating magnetic flux. The density of magnetic flux passing through the edge or edges located adjacent to a vacuum environment is more increased than that through other edges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procedure and a device for determination of the temperature of an object by measurement of electromagnetic radiation emitted by this object. A portion of the radiation emitted by the object of measurement is transmitted by a transmission device to a wavelength dividing device.The wavelength dividing device causes a portion of the spectrum of the radiation corresponding to the spectral sensitivity range of the detector or pair of detectors to be distributed across the radiation-sensitive surface of the detector or pair of detectors. The detector senses the position of the center of gravity of the illuminated spectrum which is converted by the signal processing unit to temperature information, and displayed by an output device.Using a sole position-sensitive detector, the relative magnitude of two currents I.sub.1 and I.sub.2 indicates the position of the center of gravity.

Abstract: A trolling speed indicator adapted to be mounted to the gunnel of a boat along either a vertical or horizontal surface. The indicator measures the speed of the boat during trolling so that a fisherman can utilize the optimum lure size and weight. The indicator generally comprises a L-shaped flange which is mounted to the boat gunnel, a pointer fixedly secured to the flange and indicating means rotatably secured to the flange. The indicating means comprises a velocity scale attached to an annular disk. A tubular rod is attached at its first end to the annular disk while the second end of the rod is submerged in the water and is influenced by the force of the water as the boat moves across the water. The mounting means permits simple removal of the device and a clip, which is also mounted to the gunnel, allows the tubular rod to be stored out of the water.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to measure the magnitude of the friction and coefficient of friction or liquids with high viscosity or internal friction, such as molten plastic mix, e.g. in extruders by increasing the velocity of flow in a special measuring sleeve by stepwise reducing the flow cross section, whereby the flow velocity increases stepwise in accordance with the laws of hydrodynamics. When flow thermometers are installed at the points of reduction, the increase of friction energy can be assessed by the increase of temperature. When the temperature changes can be measured, the quantities describing the friction are calculable. The meter is applicable in numerous different situation and types of apparatus in which measurement of the friction energy is desired.

Abstract: Double-junction thermocouple sensors located at axially spaced measurement zones within an elongated probe are interconnected in series to produce a combined output from differential signals generated by the sensors in response to unequal heating of the junctions. Axial heat flow between measurement zones is controlled to modify the combined output in a corrective direction with respect to a linear function of liquid level between the measurement zones.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for fastening a flag on a staff via a sleeve coaxial to the staff mounted to rotate freely on the staff, the device comprising a rod having two ends, a first end being connected to the sleeve so that the rod extends, at least partially, in a plane substantially transverse to the sleeve, the second end of the rod being remote from the sleeve and connected to the flag, whereby the torque exerted by the flag on the sleeve under the effect of the wind and/or of the weight of the flag is increased.

Abstract: A marine antifouling material providing an antifouling surface for use in sea water comprises a layer of inert, water-insoluble, flexible and extensible elastomeric carrier material having embedded therein a single layer only of a plurality of copper or copper alloy particles of substantially uniform size and shape exposed at the outer surface of the material to provide a multiplicity of generally evenly sized discrete copper areas in the inert material continuum surface thereof. The particles are insulated from each other and from an opposed inner surface of the material.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus including: a first electrode member; a second electrode member arranged at opposing positions a predetermined distance away and electrically isolated from the first electrode member; and an electric circuit connected to the first and second electrode members. The first and the second electrode members are operatively connected by an impedance formed between the first and the second electrode members in response to existence of a substance to be sensed between the first and the second electrode members. The electric circuit outputs a signal in response to the impedance. The sensing apparatus is applicable for detecting, for example, the level of a liquid in a vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the presence or absence of a pour point depressant additive in hydrocarbon liquids includes cooling a sample of the liquid at a predetermined cooling rate from a temperature substantially above the cloud point temperature of the sample liquid to a temperature substantially below the cloud point temperature of the sample liquid. The points on the cooling rate curve for the sample at which a deflection of the curve begins and ends is determined and the time interval between the beginning and ending points of the cooling rate curve is computed. This computed time interval between the beginning and ending points is compared to a reference time interval such that if the reference time interval is less than or greater than the computed time interval between the beginning and ending points on the cooling curve, the presence or absence, respectively, of a pour point depressant additive in the sample is determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a temperature-indicating sheet which, when exposed to temperatures higher than the prescribed temperature in temperature-control for the common low-temperature preserved goods, changes in color according to the exposure temperature and time. This object is attained by arranging one component which melts at the prescribed temperature and a substance which irreversibly changes in color in contact with said component through a membrane permeable to the component. The sheet of the present invention comprises a component which melts at the prescribed temperature, a substance which changes in color in contact with the component and a membrane permeable to the molten component, said component being included in microcapsules which can be broken by outer pressure at a temperature used, and in which the component and the substance are arranged at the opposite sides with respect to the membrane.

Abstract: A tire pressure warning device is disclosed which produces an explosive report when the tire pressure falls below a predetermined value. The device includes a connector member which screws onto the valve stem of a tire and admits pressurized air from the tire to a pressure sensing valve. A cap member screws onto the connector member and includes an actuating plunger which is biased by a coil spring toward engagement with a valve actuator in the connector member. The cap member has an outlet passage which is closed by an elastomeric balloon. A closure valve which is normally open is adapted to close the outlet passage. When the tire pressure falls below a predetermined value, the pressure sensing valve is opened and pressurized air from the tire is admitted through the closure valve to the balloon and the balloon is inflated until it explodes. The outrush of air following explosion of the balloon causes the closure valve to close and prevent further loss of air from the tire.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus, including a measuring device; a measuring element secured at one of its ends to the measuring device; a measuring body secured on the free end of the measuring element; a pendulum capable of oscillating the measuring element; a positioning motor for actuating the measuring device; and a logic control unit actuating the pendulum.