Abstract: The temperature of a thermally emitting target which radiates over a band of wavelengths which includes first and second spaced wavelengths and which has an unknown emissivity characteristic at which the emissivity at one wavelength may but does not necessarily differ from the emissivity of another wavelength is read remotely by [a] deriving signals from those portions of the thermal radiation at these two wavelengths; [b] deriving signals from the reflected portions of two beams of radiation at these wavelengths which strike the target; and [c] by using these derived signals to compute the temperature.

Abstract: Herein is a circuit which is capable of detecting the presence of liquids, especially cryogenic liquids, and whose sensor will not overheat in a vacuum. The circuit parameters, however, can be adjusted to work with any liquid over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: A thermocouple temperature sensing device is disclosed for monitoring temperature at a plurality of selected locations along the length of an elongated conduit immersed within a heat conducting medium. The thermocouples, being progressive in length, are respectively attached to a common support rod by means of a thermal element. The thermal element is constructed to include an arcuate shaped strip of memory metal attached to the support rod and thermocouple by means of a C-shaped clip. As each thermal element reaches its transition temperature, its shape memory effect causes the thermal element to displace the thermocouple into forceable engagement with the inner wall of the conduit for monitoring the temperature thereat. As long as the thermal element is subjected to its transition temperature, there is a constant force being applied to the thermocouple.

Abstract: A metering sight glass is provided by a body of a transparent glass-like material having its ends polished to provide opposite viewing faces, the body being provided intermediate its length with dual axially aligned transverse passages, one of which provides a metering orifice, and the other of which provides a cavitation chamber positioned adjacent the metering orifice.

Abstract: Piezoelectric type liquid level sensor for detecting whether the level of various liquids such as oil of an internal combustion engine, a generator or the like is a predetermined value or higher or not, and method of making the sensor. The sensor is arranged to eliminate the influence of the weight of the lead wires on the vibration element and to facilitate its assembly. The sensor may be provided with a damper member for increasing the sensitivity.

Abstract: An under layer of a mortar material such as stucco is first applied to a structural surface such as a wall or floor. Over this under layer a second layer is applied generally of a different color than the first layer. A tool having a guide bar, an elongated strip forming a measuring rod removably attached along one edge of the guide bar, a bubble level mounted thereon and a handle for manipulating the guide bar is used to form a straight edge for a mortar scratcher which is used to groove channels in the top layer of material. The measuring rod is placed in successive channels thus formed to provide a guide for the formation of subsequent such channels. The measuring rod is removably attached to the guide bar and can be selectively positioned in a vertical orientation relative thereto or in predetermined angular orientations so that the guide bar can be utilized in forming channels at right angles or acute angles relative to the channels initially formed.

Abstract: The device consists of first and second load-receiving members, a breakable member and a part-spherical washer received in a seat in the second load-receiving member. In use, a load is applied by way of a rod or bar passing centrally through the load-receiving members and the breakable member positioned therebetween, the rod or bar also passing through a central bore in the washer and being angularly movable because of the support provided by the seat. When a predetermined load is achieved, annular cutting surfaces on the load-receiving member cut the breakable member with a predominantly shear action to indicate that the load has been achieved. Fractured parts of fingers of the bearing member are retained between surfaces to be visible at the periphery of the device.

Abstract: A microfiche carrier has a lower transparent plate supporting a microfiche thereon and changeable over into a horizontal posture and an inclined posture, an upper transparent plate openable and closable relative to the lower transparent plate and urging the microfiche against the lower transparent plate, a posture changing device for changing the posture of the lower transparent plate, and a movable member holding the upper transparent plate and the lower transparent plate and movable along a horizontal plane.

Abstract: An actuation attachment includes a central slider formed at one end with a push button and at the opposite end with a holding piece for an actuator. The slider is inserted in a cylindrical sleeve so as to be movable in axial direction either relative to or in conjunction with the sleeve but engaging it for joint rotation. The sleeve is inserted in a cylindrical bore of a housing to move in axial direction and to rotate about its central axis. The slider is formed with an axially directed slot for accommodating opposite rear ends of two locking pins which are guided in corresponding radially directed bores in the sleeve. The locking pins are urged one from the other by a biasing spring. The cylindrical bore of the housing is formed with axially directed first and second guiding grooves for engaging rounded front ends of the locking pins. Each of the guiding grooves is separated by an inclined stopping surface and a radially directed stopping surface.

Abstract: A thermal radiometer for measuring thermal irradiation, includes a housing, a shutter mounted on a wall of the housing, a thermally conductive element positioned behind the shutter, the conductive element having a black surface facing the shutter, and a device for measuring the temperature of the conductive element. The outer face of the shutter is thermally reflective, and the radiometer includes a circuit for calculating the rate of temperature rise of the conductive element after opening the shutter and an indicator responsive to the calculating circuit for displaying a value which is proportional to the rate of temperature rise.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a motor vehicle comprises a composite of PTC and NTC thermistors (1, 2, 3) whose overall temperature characteristic (c) is negative with a plateau (P) centered on the normal working temperature (88.degree. C.) to be sensed, so that tolerances in the sensing system and normal fluctuations of the working temperature will tend not to be registered by the vehicle temperature gauge. Thus only abnormal variations in temperature caused by a fault or overload condition will be indicated.

Abstract: Snubbers and methods and apparatus for the in-place testing thereof are disclosed. The snubbers include a manifold between the hydraulic cylinder and each of the two control valves fastened thereto whereby for test purposes the control valves and hydraulic cylinder may be isolated from each other and coupled to a test machine for the independent testing thereof. Isolation of the control valves from the hydraulic cylinder allows separate testing of the control valves for lockup and bleed, and isolation of the hydraulic cylinder allows the testing of the cylinder for leakage and breakaway. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A compass which is self-compensating for dip of its pointer arms irrespective of variances in the earth's magnetic forces at different geographical locations includes a magnet disposed beneath respective proximal portions of the pointer arms so that the pointer arms are parallel to the magnetic field of the magnet, with the magnet constructed to be counterbalancing with regard to the earth's magnetic fields. In a preferred embodiment, the magnet comprises a plastic disk with magnetic particles embedded therein, the disk having a chordal portion removed therefrom immediately beneath one pointer arm, and a damper pan assembly is controlled by a lift arm to selectively dampen the movement of the pointer arms.

Abstract: A sign support structure, such as for supporting a distress flag or any other information-carrying flag. The structure comprises an elongated main shaft which is secured at a lower end to a support base having a magnet therein. A flat support surface is provided under the support base whereby the base can be attached to any metal surface such as the roof top or door of a car. A coupling element is removably secured to an upper end of the main shaft and has a transverse support shaft secured thereto. The coupling element also has an axial bore opening in a lower end thereof to receive a free end portion of the upper end of the main shaft. Furthermore, the coupling element has a second bore disposed transverse to the axial bore and above a base of the axial bore and above the axial bore and below the transverse support shaft for receiving the free end portion of the main shaft when the support structure is in a storage position.

Abstract: A repair kit for repairing a lever switch, such as a turn signal lever. The repair mounting includes a bore dimensioned so as to insertably receive the broken end of the lever arm therein. A correspondingly shaped switch engaging portion is permanently affixed to the sleeve opposite the bore. The lever arm is affixed in the bore by a fastener, threading, adhesive, or the like. The repair kit includes the sleeve, an affixed and correspondingly shaped switch engaging portion, means for manipulating the broken switch engaging portion and removing it from the column, and an adhesive for attaching the broken lever arm to the sleeve.

Abstract: A grain temperature monitor for use with one or more grain bins, the monitor including one or more temperature sensors, an analog sensor indicator unit, and a non-analog sensor indicator unit. The analog sensor indicator unit provides a signal when one or more of the temperature sensors senses a temperature in the monitored grain that equals or exceeds a predetermined reference temperature. In addition, an operator controllable switch can be manipulated to determine the approximate temperature of the highest sensed temperature. The non-analog sensor indicator unit provides a visual indication as to which of the temperature sensors then currently senses the highest temperature, without regard as to whether such sensed temperature exceeds the predetermined temperature threshold or not.

Abstract: A pair of bolts are welded to axially spaced apart points on a base plate in an upright position to provide fixed reference points for supporting a horn antenna. Axially aligned trunnion pipes on the antenna are rotatably attached to an associated tubular enclosure at points corresponding to the locations of the bolts. Each of the bolts extends through an opening in one side of an associated enclosure, with the one side being sandwiched between a pair of nuts. Elevation adjustment of the antenna is accomplished by rotating one of the nuts for raising or lowering one of the enclosures and the associated side of the antenna. The elevation of the antenna is maintained by threading the associated other nut of the pair thereof against the side of the enclosure.

Abstract: A crossing arm unit for use on the front of school buses and the like to protect children walking in front of the school bus, the crossing arm unit including a frame attached to the front bumper of the school bus, and a movable arm pivotally mounted in the frame for movement between a retracted position along side the bumper and an extended position projecting outwardly from the bumper.

Abstract: A burden distribution monitoring apparatus, according to the present invention, includes a hollow cylindrical sonde having an inner end radially movable within the internal space of a furnace, such as a shaft furnace. The sonde carries a burden layer depth sensor and/or a burden grain distribution sensor for radially shifting working ends of the sensors. With the foregoing construction, burden depth and/or grading of the burden can be monitored in a plurality of radial points in the furnace.

Abstract: A horn antenna is supported by a pair of axially spaced apart trunion assemblies which are rigidly attached to the upper one of a pair of nested ring shaped members, the lower ring member being rigidly attached to a platform. Flat ring shaped flanges on the tops of the members are in contact for rotatably supporting the upper ring member in the lower ring member. Rotation of the antenna is accomplished with a turnbuckle that is connected between the perimeters of the two flanges. Each trunion assembly comprises a bolt that is welded to the top of the upper flange and that has a nut thereon supporting one side of the antenna. Elevation adjustment of the antenna is accomplished by threading the nut on the trunion bolt for raising or lowering the associated side of the antenna.