Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process to produce an azeotrope composition comprising a hydrofluoroolefin and hydrogen fluoride, said process comprising, dehydrofluorinating a hydrofluorocarbon containing at least one hydrogen and at least one fluorine on adjacent carbons, thereby forming a mixture comprising said hydrofluoroolefin, unreacted hydrofluorocarbon and hydrogen fluoride, and distilling the mixture to produce a distillate composition comprising an azeotrope composition containing said hydrofluoroolefin and hydrogen fluoride and a column bottoms composition comprising said hydrofluorocarbon essentially free of hydrogen fluoride. Also disclosed herein are processes for separation of hydrofluoroolefins from hydrofluorocarbons and from hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyfunctional compounds with two or more coordination elements are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a producing method of an optically active ?-amino acid useful as intermediate for the production of medicines, agricultural. chemicals and physiologically active substances, by means of a catalytic and asymmetric synthesis method of high performance and a high enantiomeric excess, without requiring additional procedures such as introduction and removal of protecting group and so on. The method includes subjecting an enamine to an asymmetric hydrogenation.

Abstract: A polyarylene having a structural unit shown by the following formula (1) is disclosed. wherein X and Y indicate a divalent organic group or a single bond, Z shows an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R represents at least one atom or group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, and a fluorine-substituted alkyl group, a is an integer of 1 to 20, n is an integer of 1 to 5, and p is an integer of 0 to 10.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, pharmaceutical preparations and methods for inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) that are useful for the study and treatment of CFTR-mediated diseases and conditions. The compositions and pharmaceutical preparations of the invention may comprise one or more hydrazide-containing compounds, and may additionally comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients and/or adjuvants. The methods of the invention comprise, in certain embodiments, administering to a patient suffering from a CFTR-mediated disease or condition, an efficacious amount of a hydrazide-containing compound. In other embodiments the invention provides methods of inhibiting CFTR that comprise contacting cells in a subject with an effective amount of a hydrazide-containing compound.

Abstract: The invention provides polymers, methods of preparing polymers, and compositions that include polymers, wherein said polymers include a plurality of two-carbon repeating units in a polymer chain, wherein one or more of the two-carbon repeating units of the polymer chain have a substituent that is covalently bonded to a semifluorinated alkyl ethoxy moiety, and the semifluorinated alkyl ethoxy moiety is attached to the polymer chain substituent through an ester, amide, ketone, carbamate, amine, or other suitable linking group. The polymers can be used to provide antifouling coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable amphiphilic antioxidant compounds, compositions and dosage forms comprising said compounds, and methods and uses reliant on said compounds. The exemplified compounds are all mitoquinone derivatives, being methoxyphenyl alkyl triphenylphosphonium or methoxy dioxocyclohexadiene alkyl triphenylphosphonium derivatives. The compounds, compositions, dosage forms, uses and methods are useful in, for example, the treatment of diseases or conditions associated with oxidative stress.

Abstract: Cannabinoid derivatives according to formula (I) are disclosed wherein, X, Y, R1, R2, and W can have the definitions provided herein. Without limitation, use of such compounds, their salts or pro-drug, or compositions containing the compounds, salts, or pro-drug, to modify the activity of CB1 and CB2 receptors and treat conditions mediated by these receptors.

Abstract: A beneficial method for the manufacture of amino polyalkylene phosphonic acids, under substantial absence of hydrohalogenic acid, is disclosed. The method, in essence, is based on reacting narrowly defined ratios of phosphorous acid, an amine, a formaldehyde in presence of specific ranges of an acid catalyst having a pKa equal or inferior to 3.1. The inventive method is capable of yielding economically and quality operational/capacity advantages, in particular significantly reduced one-step cycle duration under exclusion, of corrosion disadvantages and also is environmentally friendly without requiring, in that respect, anything more than nominal capital expenditures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 3-chloropropyldimethylchlorosilane by hydrosilylation reaction in a reaction medium comprising dimethylhydrochlorosilane and allyl chloride, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of di-?-chlorobis(?-1,5-cyclooctadiene)diiridium, the said process being characterized in that at least one auxiliary in the free or supported state selected from the group of compounds consisting of: (i) ketones, (ii) ethers, (iii) quinones, (iv) anhydrides, (v) unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds (UHC) having an aromatic nature and/or comprising at least one C?C double bond and/or at least one C?C triple bond, it being possible for these unsaturated bonds to be conjugated or nonconjugated, the said UHCs being linear or cyclic (mono- or polycyclic), having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, having from 1 to 8 ethylenic and/or acetylenic unsaturations and optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, (vi) and their mixtures, is added to the reaction medium, wi

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel aromatic enediyne derivative, an organic semiconductor thin film using the same, and an electronic device. Example embodiments pertain to an aromatic enediyne derivative which enables the formation of a chemically and electrically stable and reliable semiconductor thin film using a solution process, e.g., spin coating and/or spin casting, at about room temperature when applied to devices, an organic semiconductor thin film using the same, and an electronic device including the organic semiconductor thin film. A thin film having a relatively large area may be formed through a solution process, therefore simplifying the manufacturing process and decreasing the manufacturing cost. Moreover, it is possible to provide an organic semiconductor that may be effectively applied to various fields including organic thin film transistors, electroluminescent devices, solar cells, and memory.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: This invention provides caspase inhibitors of formula I: wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur; R1 is hydrogen, —CHN2, R, CH2OR, CH2SR, or —CH2Y; ?between R3 and R4 represents a single or double bond; Y is an electronegative leaving group; R2 is CO2H, CH2CO2H, or esters, amides or isosteres thereof; R3 is a group capable of fitting into the S2 subsite of a caspase enzyme; R4 is a hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl or R3 and R4 taken together form a ring; Ring A and Ring B are each heterocyclic rings, and R and R5 are as described in the specification. The compounds are effective inhibitors of apoptosis and IL-1? secretion.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for reducing the amount of soluble halide in a solution comprising a liquid organic medium, at least one viscosity reducing agent, at least one dihydrocarbylmagnesium compound, and an initial amount of soluble halide. The process comprises mixing at least one alkali metal with the solution at a mole ratio of alkali metal to magnesium of less than about 1:2.5, thereby forming precipitated soluble halides. Also provided by this invention is a process for reducing the amount of soluble halide in a slurry comprising a liquid organic medium, at least one viscosity reducing agent, at least one dihydrocarbylmagnesium compound, solids from the formation of said dihydrocarbylmagnesium compound, and an initial amount of soluble halide. This process comprises mixing at least one alkali metal with the slurry at a mole ratio of alkali metal to magnesium of less than about 1:1.25, thereby forming precipitated soluble halides.

Abstract: A saccharide-measuring fluorescence sensor substance including a copolymer of at least the following two compounds (I) and (II) is provided: (I) a fluorescent monomer compound represented by the following formula (1): formula (1) wherein: Q, Q? and D3 may be the same or different, may be combined together into a fused ring, and are each a substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, acyl, oxyalkyl, carboxyl, carboxylate ester, carboxamido, cyano, nitro, amino and aminoalkyl groups; and D1, D2 and D4 each represent a substituent, wherein at least one of D1, D2 and D4 is a substituent group comprising a vinyl group at an end thereof, and wherein the substituent group comprising a vinyl group at an end thereof enables the fluorescent monomer compound to be soluble in water, and (II) at least one hydrophilic, polymerizable monomer having a vinyl group.

Abstract: Provided is a new and improved process for preparing a borated alkaline earth metal toluene sulfonate salt.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition includes a free-radically polymerizable component, an initiator composition capable of generating free radicals sufficient to initiate polymerization upon exposure to imaging radiation, an infrared radiation absorbing compound, and a polymeric binder. The initiator composition includes a unique polyonium borate comprising a polyvalent onium cation with multiple onium moieties and sufficient organic borate counterions to provide a net neutral charge. The radiation-sensitive composition can be used to prepare a negative-working imageable element that is sensitive to suitable imaging infrared radiation, can be imaged at relatively low energy, and can be developed either on-press or off-press.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silicon compound represented by Formula (1) and a polymer obtained by using the same, and this makes it possible not only to obtain an organic-inorganic composite material having a distinct structure but also to control the structure of the above polymer as a molecular aggregate. wherein R1 is a group independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon atom number of 1 to 40, substituted or non-substituted aryl and substituted or non-substituted arylalkyl; in this alkyl having a carbon atom number of 1 to 40, optional hydrogens may be substituted with fluorine, and optional —CH2— may be substituted with —O—, —CH?CH—, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene; in alkylene in this arylalkyl, optional hydrogens may be substituted with fluorine, and optional —CH2— may be substituted with —O— or —CH?CH—; and A1 is a group having an ?-haloester group.

Abstract: A method for reducing the cyanide levels in a mesotrione sample, said method comprising: (i) taking an aqueous solution of the mesotrione sample in an aqueous solvent, (ii) adjusting the pH of said aqueous solution to a value of 9.5 or higher, and (iii) crystallising the mesotrione out of solution is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing an organic hydroperoxide, which process comprises: (a) oxidizing an organic compound to obtain an organic reaction product containing organic hydroperoxide; (b) mixing at least part of the organic reaction product of step (a) with a basic aqueous solution to obtain a mixture of basic aqueous solution and the organic reaction product; (c) separating the mixture of step (b) to obtain a separated organic phase containing organic hydroperoxide, and a separated aqueous phase; (d) mixing at least part of the separated organic phase of step (c) with water to obtain a mixture of an aqueous phase and the organic phase; and (e) separating the mixture of step (d) to obtain a separated organic phase containing organic hydroperoxide, and a separated aqueous phase; in which process the separation to a separated organic phase and a separated aqueous phase in step (e) is carried out with the help of a coalescer containing glass fibers.