Abstract: A process combination wherein (1) in a first stage wet methanol, or methanol and water, are reacted over a copper-containing methanol synthesis catalyst at conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of the feed to essentially hydrogen and carbon dioxide and, (2) in a second stage, the product stream from said first stage and methanol are reacted over a cobalt or ruthenium catalyst, or cobalt-containing or ruthenium-containing catalyst, to produce, at reaction conditions, an admixture of C.sub.10.sup.+ linear paraffin and olefins, which can be further refined and upgraded to high quality middle distillate fuels, and other valuable products such as mogas, diesel fuel, jet fuel, lubes, and specialty solvents, especially premium middle distillate fuels of carbon number ranging from about C.sub.10 to C.sub.20.

Abstract: A continuous method and apparatus for contact of olefin with paraffin in the presence of HF catalyst to produce alkylate in which about one half of the olefin feedstock is passed to each of two riser reactors with product effluent from both reactors entering a common settling vessel with return of settled HF catalyst proportioned between the two reactors and the paraffin feedstock provided as fresh or alkylate fractionator side stream recycle to one reactor and as reaction product recycle from the settler to the other reactor.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for methanol conversion having enhanced stability is obtained by extruding a zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 12 and a Constraint Index within the approximate range of 1 to 12 with a silica matrix and thereafter subjecting the extrudate to both steaming and acid-extraction in order to enhance the stability thereof.

Abstract: Acetylene is selectively hydrogenated by passing a mixture of acetylene and ethylene with a hydrocarbon liquid phase through a bed of a palladium-on-alumina catalyst. The liquid phase comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon and a primary or secondary amine.

Abstract: An improved support for a contact agent, useful for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a gas comprising methane with a contact agent at a selected temperature, is formed by sintering the surface of the support.

Abstract: A method for dehydrogenating dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons which comprises contacting said hydrocarbon with an oxide of Ru having combined therewith an amount of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal which is sufficient to improve the selectivity to dehydrogenated hydrocarbon products. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is preferably carried at about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Reducible oxides of Ru are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition wth oxygen. Bulk ruthenium oxides promoted by sodium and/or compounds thereof are particularly preferred contact solids.

Abstract: High surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to diolefins are disclosed, comprising the oxides of an alkali metal, vanadium, phosphorus, and preferably tin in combination with a crystalline silica having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic process for the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. More particularly, disclosed is a catalytic process for the conversion of methane to C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons, particularly hydrocarbons rich in ethylene or benzene, or both. The process utilizes a silicon compound-containing catalyst, high reaction temperatures of greater than 1000.degree. C., and a high gas hourly space velocity of greater than 3600 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: Mechanical working of cast iron is performed in the presence of an aqueous metalworking composition containing an organic copper (II) complex and an iron corrosion inhibitor. An aqueous concentrate, which after dilution with water is suitable for application in mechanical working of cast iron, contains 1-50% copper (II) complex with such a Cu.sup.2+ -content of 0.5-20%, 1-50% iron corrosion inhibitor, 0-50% lubricant, 0-20% pH-regulators, bactericides and solubilizing agents and 10-70% water.

Abstract: This saw chain lubricant is composed essentially of water and a water-soluble antifreeze agent, as main constituents, and of corrosion inhibitors, wear inhibitors and adhesion promoters in a quantity which is effective in each case, the adhesion promoter being a water-soluble polyethylene glycol and/or a water-soluble acrylamide copolymer which contains sulfonic acid groups, the molecular weight of each being at least 500,000. In combination with this adhesion promoter, which is present in an amount of 0.05 to 1% by weight, the lubricant contains 5 to 50% by weight of a water-soluble polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide adduct having a viscosity of at least 300 mPa.s at 50.degree. C., as a special lubricant, percentages by weight relating in each case to the weight of the agent.

Abstract: A sulfurized olefin of improved solubility in lubricating oil is made by reacting sulfur monochloride with a monoolefin (e.g. isobutylene) to form an adduct which is reacted with sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, sulfur and alkyl mercaptan (e.g. tert-butyl mercaptan) in an aqueous alcohol reaction medium.

Abstract: A continuous method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with particles comprising an oxidative synthesizing agent under synthesis conditions wherein particles recirculate between two physically separate zones: a methane contact zone and an oxygen contact zone. Preferably, particles are maintained in each of the two zones as fluidized beds of solids. Particularly effective oxidative synthesizing agents are reducible oxides of metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Sn, In, Ge, Pb, Sb, and Bi.

Abstract: A method for dehydrogenating dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons which comprises contacting said hydrocarbon with an oxide of Ce having combined therewith an amount of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal which is sufficient to improve the selectivity to dehydrogenated hydrocarbon products. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is carried at about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Reducible oxides of Ce are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen. The oxide CeO.sub.2 is particularly effective in the process.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising a feedstock and dispersed activated or presulfided red mud having demetalizing and coke-suppressing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocatalytic conditions.

Abstract: Molybdenum salts of organophosphorus acids prepared in the presence of polar solvents are found to have a higher conversion of molybdenum than if otherwise produced. The salts of the invention are useful as lubricating oil additives to reduce friction and corrosion and to decrease fuel consumption in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising a feedstock and red mud having coke-suppressing and demetalizing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocracking conditions.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising a feedstock and metals-impregnated red mud having coke-suppressing and demetalizing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocatalytic conditions. The preferred metals for impregnation include transition metals, in particular, nickel and molybdenum.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a catalyst or catalyst support having both high surface area, e.g. greater than 150 m.sup.2 /g, and large pore sizes, e.g. greater than 1.0 ml/g of macropores having diameters between 1 and 50 .mu.m. According to the method, a metal oxide is mixed with water and an acid to form a dilute metal gel, preferably containing at least 70% by weight water and consisting of a loose three dimensional network of oxide containing the water evenly dispersed throughout. This gel is slowly dried at a temperature below the boiling point of water whereby a substantial proportion of the water is removed from the interior of the pore structure, leaving the three dimensional network intact. Thereafter, the dried product is calcined to form a novel catalyst or catalyst support having both high surface area and large pore sizes. The novel catalyst is useful as a component of a catalytic cracking catalyst or a hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: In an alkylation process a portion of the alkylating olefin is added to benzene before heating the benzene up to the alkylation reaction temperature.

Abstract: A process for improving the flow properties of mineral oils by adding a copolymer consisting of from 66 to 99.9 weight % of ethylene and of from 0.1 to 40 weight % of vinylic acid amide and optionally of further comonomers.