Abstract: A process for the low temperature oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene uses a calcined oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, Nb, and Sb.

Abstract: A natural active stable catalyst for use in the hydrodemetallization (HDM) and the hydroconversion (HC) of heavy crudes and residues and, in particular, a method for the preparation of the catalyst from natural clay and a process for the treatment of heavy crudes and residues with the catalyst. The catalyst is free of hydrogenating metals of Groups VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table and comprises primarily iron, silica and alumina derived from the composition of the natural clay. The catalyst possesses a surface area of between 20 to 100 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume of between 0.20 to 0.90 cc/g, where 50 to 100% of the total pore volume contains pores of diameter greater than 400 .ANG.. The catalyst has a ratio I(Fe)/I(Si+Al) of between 0.2 to 0.9 as determined by XPS.

Abstract: A modified ZSM-5 type zeolite is provided by treatment of a ZSM-5 type zeolite with BF.sub.3. The novel product is characterized by reduced pore size and enhanced shape-selectivity, or by enhanced activity, or by both. This invention also provides a process for catalytically converting organic compounds by use of the novel composition, an illustrative conversion being the catalytic conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Olefins are converted into other olefins having different numbers of carbon atoms by contact with a catalyst comprising an inorganic refractory material containing at least one of tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide and a promoting amount of at least one treating agent selected from chlorinated silicon compounds, thionyl chloride, and sulfuryl chloride under conditions suitable for the treating agent to promote the activity of tungsten and molybdenum oxides for the disproportionation reaction.

Abstract: A catalyst is prepared by adding a water soluble aliphatic polyhydroxy compound such as a polyhydroxy alcohol or a carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose) to an aqueous solution of chromic acid and subsequently introducing the resulting mixture into a hydrocarbon material. The hydrocarbon-containing mixture is heated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide to convert the chromium catalyst precursor to a solid chromimum-containing catalyst. Hydroconversion processes utilizing the catalyst to convert oil, coal, and mixtures thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A method for improving the octane rating of products from a catalytic cracking system is disclosed. The method is directed at maintaining the metal contaminant level on the cracking catalyst above about 400 wppm equivalent metal and periodically passing the cracking catalyst through a passivation zone having a reducing atmosphere maintained at an elevated temperature to passivate the metal contaminant on the cracking catalyst.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbon impurities are removed from a liquid paraffin containing the same by contacting the liquid paraffin in the liquid phase at relatively low temperatures with an X-type zeolite molecular sieve material. The contacting is performed without recycle and purified liquid paraffin containing less than about 0.01% by weight aromatics is obtained.

Abstract: This invention deals with a method for deasphalting heavy oils by mixing the oil with a completely miscible solvent at a low treat ratio and then subjecting the resulting one phase mixture to a gaseous antisolvent, such as carbon dioxide, to separate the mixture into two phases. The upper phase contains the majority of the miscible solvent and the product oil containing a significantly lower CCN then did the feedstock.

Abstract: A method for the liquefaction of brown coal which comprises effecting primary hydrogenation at a temperature and pressure sufficient to promote the efficient hydrogenation of a slurry prepared by adding an iron-based catalyst and a slurrying solvent to brown coal; distilling all or a portion of the primary hydrogenation product, whereby a naphtha fraction, a middle distillate oil fraction, a heavy distillate oil fraction and a distillation residue are produced; recycling a portion of said middle distillate oil, said heavy distillate oil fraction and said distillation residue to said primary hydrogenation step as the slurrying solvent; removing ash from the remaining portion of the distillation residue, thereby separating the same into an insoluble fraction containing ash, insoluble organic matter or a mixture thereof, and a soluble fraction as a solution in said solvent; and feeding said soluble fraction and said middle and heavy distillate fractions, to a fixed-bed column reactor packed with a molybdenum-bas

Abstract: Y Zeolites are prepared with rare earth cations and Group VIII metal cations exchanged thereinto, such zeolites being especially useful in hydrocracking catalysts. The zeolites of the invention are prepared by exchanging a sodium Y zeolite with cations of one or more rare earth elements followed by a calcination, an ammonium ion exchange, and a Group VIII metal cation exchange. The resultant zeolite is not only highly active for catalytically promoting hydrocracking reactions but is also, after use in hydrocracking environments resulting in coke deposition, essentially completely regenerable by combustion of the coke.

Abstract: An aiming beam coincident with a laser beam is provided in a modified slit-lamp apparatus. The aiming beam is resolved into a number of images displaced with respect to the axis of the slit lamp imaging rays bracketing the intersection of the laser beam and the axis of slit lamp rays, which intersection is their common focus. As the common focus is moved close to a target tissue within the eye, the target tissue to be treated renders each of the images successively sharply visible while the other images remain blurry or not visible. Thus an efficient rough or long-range system is provided for focusing the laser on the target tissue.

Abstract: A method of producing monolith catalysts for catalysts to be used in a measure to purify the exhaust gases of a vehicle, in which, in a process of producing alumina slurry liquid, the dispersibility of the alumina particles in the slurry liquid is improved by the use of water, aluminium-nitrate powder instead of acid, alkali to allow the slurry liquid to be uniformly adhered on the surface of the dipped carrier, thereby to prevent the alumina coat layer from coming off in the high temperature.

Abstract: Partial desulfurization in the range of about 30-90% during hydrotreating of a dewaxed lube oil basestock provides an increase in viscosity index of up to five numbers with less than about 5 wt. % yield loss, a consequence of the desulfurized compounds staying in the lube boiling range.

Abstract: A catalyst composition having excellent mechanical strength comprising a compound containing a heteropolyacid as a base and whiskers.

Abstract: At least one decomposable compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc and the metals of Group III-B, Group IV-B, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such decomposable compound is then contacted with a suitable refractory inorganic material to reduce the concentration of metals, sulfur and Ramsbottom carbon residue contained in the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The suitable refractory inorganic material may also be slurried with the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream.

Abstract: A catalyst used for liquefaction of coal and hydrogenolysis or hydrodesulfurization of heavy oils. The catalyst is prepared by reacting one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of carbonyl compounds of molybdenum, salts of molybdenum, oxides of molybdenum, metallic molybdenum, and alloys containing molybdenum, with alkali and water at a temperature ranging from 220.degree. to 450.degree. C. under a carbon monoxide atmosphere; and reducing the product obtained at temperature ranging from 400.degree. to 450.degree. C. under a hydrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method and apparatus for operating a fluidized bed chemical processing unit of the type having steam generating coils, so as to reduce the occurrence of thermally-induced stresses in the coils and thereby extend the useful life of the coils.The invention involves causing the tube wall temperature of a coil being brought into service to be lowered from bed temperature prior to initiating water flow in the coil, so as to decrease the thermal shock temperature gradient and thereby reduce the magnitude of thermally-induced stress in the coil.The invention utilizes a base coil in addition to the steam generating coil that is being cycled, and a pair of steam drums which operate at a pressure differential. The method involves generating saturated steam in the base coil and superheating the saturated steam in the coil being brought on line. Steam is directed from one drum to the other in a predetermined manner so as to provide proper temperature control of the coil being cycled.

Abstract: The dry distillation of oil shale and like volatilizable materials as carried out by intimately mixing it with a fine-grain hot heat-transfer medium. According to the invention the hot distillation residue is passed in direct heat exchange with a cooling gas and the latter is utilized as one component of a preheating mixed gas which is passed in uniflow with the devolatilizable material through at least one riser. Hot combustion gases can make up other components of these mixed gases.

Abstract: A caustic wash process to remove mercaptans from a mixture of hydrocarbons, an improvement comprising washing the regenerated caustic with a fraction of said hydrocarbon to remove residual disulfides to improve the overall removal of sulfur from the hydrocarbon feed stream.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting and displaying a pulse wave based on pulsations of an arterial vessel of a human body, with an improved accuracy irrespective of variations in pressing force of a sensing unit against a body member and/or irrespective of deviation of the depressed sensing unit from the arterial vessel to be detected, thereby providing the user of the apparatus with reliable medical diagnostic information on blood circulating organs.