Abstract: Disclosed is a five-membered heteroaromatic ring structure containing compound, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and applications thereof. The present disclosure provides a five-membered heteroaromatic ring structure containing compound of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and applications thereof and the five-membered heteroaromatic ring structure containing compound is expected to treat and/or prevent various PARG-related diseases.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for using 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and/or one or more derivatives of 4-AP. For example, a composition containing 4-AP and/or one or more derivatives of 4-AP can be administered (e.g., orally administered) to a mammal to increase a level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) polypeptides within the mammal. For example, a composition containing 4-AP and/or one or more derivatives of 4-AP can be administered (e.g., orally administered) to a mammal having bone loss to increase the level of BMP-2 within the mammal, thereby treating the mammal's bone loss.

Abstract: Applicants disclose a family of rod-like dianhydrides that contain two phthalic anhydride moieties linked by a bridge that is comprised of at least one ethynyl and one paraphenylene group and processes of making and using such rod-like dianhydrides. Such rod-like dianhydrides can endow net-work structures with improved mechanical and thermal properties in the crosslinked-polymer products.