Abstract: Passivation of vanadium accumulated on catalyst, e.g. crystalline zeolite hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in the rare earth and/or ammonia exchanged zeolite form, effectively minimizes the degrading characteristics of accumulated vanadium on the catalyst. The passivation is accomplished by impregnating or, preferable, precipitating, rare earths, e.g. lanthanum, onto the catalyst particles before and/or after vanadium accumulation. The process is also applicable to inert sorbent particles, e.g. those used for removing carbon and metals from contaminated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for increasing the volume of lubricating oil base stocks recovered from a crude oil. A fraction having an atmospheric boiling range of about 675.degree. to 1100.degree. F. is recovered by vacuum distillation. This fraction is treated with furfural to extract a hydrocarbon mixture containing at least 50 volume % aromatic hydrocarbons. The raffinate is a lubricating oil base stock very high in paraffinic hydrocarbons and low in naphthenic hydrocarbons. The fraction extracted by the furfural contains at least about 50 volume % aromatic hydrocarbons and less than about 10 volume % paraffinic hydrocarbons. The mixture is hydrotreated to hydrogenate a substantial portion of the aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrotreated product then is catalytically dewaxed. After removal of low boiling components, the finished lubricating oil base stock has a viscosity of at least about 200 SUS at 100.degree. F., a pour point of less than 20.degree. F.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a specially treated crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said zeolite having been synthesized from a reaction mixture comprising a diamine as a cation source. The treatment of the zeolite material comprises the sequential steps of reacting the zeolite with a dilute hydrogen fluoride solution, contacting the hydrogen fluoride solution reacted material with aluminum chloride vapor, and then treating the aluminum chloride contacted material to convert it to hydrogen form.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process and apparatus in which hot freshly regenerated catalyst is contacted with hydrocarbon feedstock in a gravity flow catalytic reactor. Spent catalyst from the reactor is separated from reactants in a ballistic separator and completely regenerated in a riser regenerator.

Abstract: Viscous asphaltenic crude oils are converted to pumpable liquid oil products in field locations by precipitating and separating asphaltenes, then mildly thermally converting the asphaltenes to mobile asphaltene-conversion products that can be mixed with at least the maltene components of the crude oils to form the pumpable liquid oil products.

Abstract: A catalyst containing molybdenum and chromium and method for recovering upgraded liquid products from a solid carbonaceous material using said catalyst are disclosed.

Abstract: Tower material corrosion in an atmospheric or sub-atmospheric distillation tower in a coal liquefaction process is reduced or eliminated by subjecting chloride-containing tray contents to an appropriate ion-exchange resin to remove chloride from such tray contents materials.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil is cracked by hydrogen donor diluent cracking, and pitch from the donor cracking step is recycled. The pitch is catalytically hydrotreated before it is recycled. Hydrotreating the pitch enables complete conversion of the 950.degree. F.+ fraction of heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil to 950.degree. F.- distillate.

Abstract: A catalyst containing tungsten, an alkali or alkaline earth component, and iron on a support, preferably silica gel, is disclosed which is useful in reverse disproportionation of stilbene and ethylene to produce styrene.

Abstract: A process for the solvent deasphalting of asphaltene-containing hydrocarbons which comprising mixing asphaltene-containing hydrocarbons with a metal compound such as aluminum sulfate or titanium (IV) oxide and also with a solvent such as n-heptane, n-hexane, n-heptane or a mixed n-pentane.n-butanol solvent, to form a mixture which is then allowed to stand still to precipitate and separate the asphaltene therefrom thereby obtaining a deasphalted oil.

Abstract: A process wherein methanol is contacted, in the presence of hydrogen, over a ruthenium-titania catalyst to produce, at reaction conditions, an admixture of C.sub.10 + linear paraffin and olefins, which can be further refined and upgraded to high quality middle distillate fuels, and other valuable products such as mogas, diesel fuel, jet fuel, lubes, and specialty solvents, especially premium middle distillate fuels of carbon number ranging from about C.sub.10 to C.sub.20.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for dehydrogenating alkanes such as iso-butane comprises contacting the alkane in admixture with steam under dehydrogenation conditions with a dehydrogenation catalyst. The catalyst is substantially free of Group VIII metals of Atomic Number 27 and higher. The catalyst is provided in a heated tubular reactor which preferably contains groups of tubes mounted in a furnace each group of tubes having a common header, to enable continuous dehydrogenation, while permitting catalyst reactivation.

Abstract: Improvements in converting C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 monohydric alcohols, particularly methanol, related oxygenates of said alcohols and/or oxygenates produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to light olefins, gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons and/or distillate boiling range hydrocarbons are obtained in a fluidized bed of ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst operating under conditions effective to provide fluidization in the turbulent regime.

Abstract: Used oils, especially used lubricating oils which are normally considered waste and are discarded or burned, are reclaimed for reuse by a re-refining procedure involving the steps of:(a) heat soaking the used oil;(b) distilling the heat soaked oil;(c) passing the distillate through a guard bed of activated material;(d) hydrotreating the guard bed treated distillate under standard hydrotreating conditions.If the used oil to be re-refined contains a quantity of water and/or fuel fraction which the practioner considers sufficiently large to be detrimental, the used oil may be subjected to a dewatering/defueling step prior to being heat soaked.

Abstract: In the isomerization of isolated double bonds to conjugated double bonds in optionally substituted cyclooctadienes, the isomerization catalyst comprises: (a) a transition metal compound of the formula Me(OR.sup.1).sub.4, wherein Me is Ti, Zr, or Hf, and R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and (b) an organoaluminum compound of the general formula AlR.sup.2.sub.3-n X.sub.n, wherein R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, n is 0, 1, 2, or a fraction between 1 and 2, and X is halogen or, if n is 1, also hydrogen; the molar ratio of (a):(b) being in the range from 0.1 to 1:1, the catalyst having prolonged activity and the isomerization being conducted at a temperature of 50.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: 1-Butene and isobutene are effectively separated without isomerization of 1-butene by contacting an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture with a solid acid catalyst having a solid acid quantity of 0.05 to 0.25 mmol/g of solid acid catalyst, represented by the adsorption quantity of pyridine, thus low-polymerizing selectively isobutene and then separating the low polymers of isobutene from 1-butene.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for the direct conversion of natural gas or methane into gasoline-range hydrocarbons (i.e., synthetic transportation fuels or lower olefins) via catalytic condensation using superacid catalysts.

Abstract: The process for increasing the production of petrochemical conversion processes in the presence of a carbon-hydrogen fragmentation compound in the presence of a non-zeolitic molecular sieve.

Abstract: The residues obtained in the hydrogenation of oil, especially heavy oil, or of coal are subjected to low temperature carbonization in a drum, preferably a rotary drum, at temperatures between approximately 400.degree. C. and approximately 600.degree. C., by means of a carbonization gas after the separation of the condensable portions and heating to temperatures between approximately 600.degree. C. and approximately 950.degree. C. which is introduced into the low temperature carbonization drum. The gas is heated to temperatures between approximately 600.degree. C. and approximately 950.degree. C. indirectly by flue gases arising from the combustion of oil or gas, for example, of excess carbonization gas. The residue to be carbonized at low temperature is introduced into the hot gas in a finely dispersed state and preferably atomized.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the recovery of bitumen from mined tar sands that comprises admixing mined tar sands with a hydrocarbon liquid such as light crude oil or a mixture of light crude oils from a nearby reservoir thereby obtaining a bitumen-hydrocarbon mixture mixed with sand, separating the bulk of said bitumen-hydrocarbon mixture from the sand as a liquid, and recovering the remainder of the bitumen-hydrocarbon mixture using chemical waterflooding techniques.