Abstract: Baked, wheat-based, chip-like snacks having a plurality of surface bubbles comprising air pockets extending both above and below the substantially unleavened, adjacent portions of the snack are obtained with a pregelatinized waxy starch, pregelatinized potato starch, and optional modified potato starch. The pregelatinized potato starch produces a crisp, crunchy texture in the baked snack. The pregelatinized waxy starch is at least substantially uniformly hydrated prior to baking for producing bubbles during baking and for retaining the bubbles. The pregelatinized potato starch is at least substantially uniformly hydrated prior to baking for controlling bubbling caused by the pregelatinized waxy starch and for controlling texture of the bubbled and unbubbled portions of the snack chips. Use of the gluten-containing wheat flour and bubble-forming amounts of the pregelatinized waxy starch provides for the production of a cohesive, non-sticky, extensible, continuously machinable dough.

Abstract: Mixing devices for mixing a processing agent with a pulp suspension are disclosed including a mixing vessel, an agitator mounted on the surface of the mixing vessel to create a flow of the pulp suspension across the mixing vessel, a processing agent supply for supplying processing agent to the flow of pulp suspension, and a flow divider mounted on the inner surface of the mixing vessel opposite the agitator, in which the flow divider includes a substantially vertical front distribution edge and a pair of arcuate front surfaces extending from that edge to the inner surface of the mixing vessel on opposite sides thereof.

Abstract: Flexographic or other printed paper is deinked by a process which comprises pulping in the presence of an emulsion of crosslinked, insoluble, ionisable and swellable polymer particles. The emulsion preferably provides a viscosity (at 3%) in the ionised state of below 50,000 cps (Brookfield RVT) and is novel.

Abstract: System for feeding a suspension, preferably a suspension of chips in a liquid carrier, to a pressurized vessel in a cellulose pulp mill, which system comprises at least one pump (25, 26) between a low-pressure part and the pressurized vessel for driving the suspension from the low-pressure part into the vessel, which pump is of the type which comprises a number of parallel discs (40, 42) which are held together to form a stack (39) and rotate in a pump chamber (36) in a pump housing about a common axis of rotation, with the spaces (46) between the discs being greater than the particles in the suspension, and with an axial inlet and a tangential outlet for the suspension. The invention also includes a pump and an apparatus unit which are intended to form part of the system.

Abstract: A press bending apparatus for shaping heat soften glass sheets between an upper press member and a lower press member is provided. The conveyor system for transferring the sheets of glass in the press bending apparatus includes concave shaped rollers such that the glass sheets tend to sag into conformity with the rolls as the sheets are positioned for bending operations between the upper and lower press members. The lower press member is a continuous press bending ring to prevent improper sagging of the glass sheet around the peripheral edges of the sheet. The concave shape of the rolls mounted inside of the press ring provides maximum support for the formed glass sheet to prevent sagging of the glass. Additional production benefits can be obtained by forming the conveyor system and lower press member as modular unit and the upper press member as a modular unit for each model of bent glass to facilitate changing the press members for production model changes.

Abstract: A reagent dispensing apparatus is provided including a positive displacement syringe pump in series with a solenoid valve dispenser. The pump is controlled by a stepper motor or the like to provide an incremental quantity or continuous flow of reagent to the solenoid valve dispenser. The solenoid valve is opened and closed in at a predetermined frequency and duty cycle to dispense droplets of reagent onto a target substrate at the metered flow rate.

Abstract: A reusable applicator tip for applying a uniform band of liquid material, such as an adhesive compound, along a selected portion of the peripheral margin of sheet material. The apparatus includes a pad block designed for receiving and transmitting liquid material onto a transfer pad for application onto the sheet material. The liquid flows through internal channels in the pad block and onto an exposed portion of the transfer pad for application onto the sheet material. The transfer pad is removed and replaced at the end of its useful life permitting continued use of the pad block. The apparatus also includes a removable edge guide which permits the selective replacement of the edge guide for varying sheets of material. Excessively worn edge guides may also be replaced without disposing of the entire pad block.

Abstract: The apparatus for manufacturing inorganic spherical particles according to the present invention consists of a vertical sphering furnace, a sphering burner disposed at the top of the furnace, a particle outflow pipe through which spherical particles formed in the furnace are drawn out therefrom and an air inflow pipe for introducing air for carrying the spherical particles toward the opening of the particle outflow pipe; wherein the particle outflow pipe and the air inflow pipe are arranged to oppose each other horizontally at a lower position of the furnace. The opening diameter of the particle outflow pipe is designed to be larger than that of the air inflow pipe.

Abstract: In a process and device for spraying a coating product onto an article from a sprayer to which coating product is supplied from a reservoir equipped with a piston which is moved along a path in order to transport the coating product to the sprayer, movement of the piston is controlled as a function of movement of the sprayer relative to the article.

Abstract: A thermal spray apparatus for depositing a coating on to a substrate is provided which includes a plasma generator for selectively changing gas from a gaseous state to a plasma, and apparatus for filtering plasma. Powder particles entrained in the plasma change from a solid state to a molten state. The apparatus for filtering the plasma permits only a high intensity region of the plasma to pass through to the substrate.

Abstract: Food grade carbon dioxide is produced from oxyfuel fired glassmaking furnace waste gas by a series of steps including quenching the waste gas with aqueous quench liquid, dry-filtering sulfur salt from the gas, scrubbing the filtered gas with aqueous carbonate to convert the remaining sulfur dioxide to an aqueous sulfite suspension and using the suspension as part or all of the above-mentioned aqueous quench liquid, contacting the sulfur dioxide-free waste gas with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst that selectively converts nitrogen oxides to nitrogen, thereby removing substantially all nitrogen oxides from the waste gas, and distilling the resulting waste gas stream thereby producing high purity liquid carbon dioxide and producing an off-gas, which is recycled to the furnace as fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a straining device in association with the displacement of liquid through a pulp bed preferably in connection with the withdrawal of cooking liquid in a continuous digester (1) for producing chemical pulp, which straining device (2) is preferably rectangular and comprises a number of strainer-bars (3), arranged in parallel, which have been fixed to at least two rod elements (4, 5), which are placed transversely in relation to the lengthwise extension of the bar-strainers, the said rod elements (4, 5) being made of metal, preferably stainless steel, and having a strength value RP 0.2 at 100.degree. C. which exceeds 200 MPA, preferably 300 MPA, and more preferably 350 MPA, and the width of the said rod element (4) being less than 800 mm, preferably 650 mm, and more preferably 550 mm, so that the straining device becomes self-supporting.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying powder coating material onto large objects such as automotive, truck or other vehicle bodies includes a powder spray booth defining a controlled area within which to apply powder coating material onto the vehicle bodies, a powder kitchen located at a remote position from the powder spray booth, and, a number of feed hoppers located proximate the booth which receive powder coating material from the powder kitchen and supply it to automatically or manually manipulated powder spray guns associated with the booth. Oversprayed powder coating material is removed from the booth interior by a powder collection and recovery system which transmits the oversprayed powder back to the powder kitchen for recirculation to the powder spray guns.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for extruding glass tubing (12) which comprises a furnace (14). A component (16) within the furnace (14) is for holding molten glass (18). A duplex mandrel (20) on one end of the furnace (14) is connected into the holding component (16). A facility (22) is for forcing the molten glass (18) in the holding component (16) out through the duplex mandrel (20), so as to form the glass tubing (12) having an upper support segment (24) and a lower structural segment (26). An assembly (28) is for quick cooling the upper support segment (24) of the glass tubing (12) upon exiting the duplex mandrel (20), so that the lower structural segment (26) will maintain its desired shape while slow cooling.

Abstract: A method is taught for separately preheating cullet and batch, material use in glass making. This method uses a two stage process for preheating batch in a way that allows water vapor to escape to the atmosphere before the main preheating stage. It supplements current preheating methods of the art of glass making. Apparatuses to carry out this method are also taught.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pad including a face on which liquid mugwort or powder mugwort is spread or impregnated and a pad including more than one sheet of mugwort-impregnated paper. A method for making a mugwort-impregnated pad, including the steps of: crushing a lump of dry mugwort into 50-200 mesh size pieces; straining the crushed mugwort to obtain mugwort naps without a stalk and chlorophyll; fumigating the mugwort naps at a temperature of about 80.degree.-130.degree. for 1 or 2 hours; diffusing the fumigated mugwort naps in water; providing diffused mugwort naps to a refiner and mixing the naps with a lump of dissociated pulp; preparing a sheet of paper by dehydrating the mixture and paper process; and attaching more than one sheet of paper on a pad.

Abstract: A wafer surface treating apparatus has an overflow treating tank for holding therein a chemical in which a wafer is to be soaked to perform a surface treatment of the wafer, piping for circulating the chemical overflowing from said treating tank to said treating tank, a filter unit for filtering the chemical passing through said piping to remove foreign articles from the chemical, and at least two temperature regulating mechanisms. The first temperature regulating mechanism keeps a temperature of the chemical in said treating tank at a predetermined temperature. The second temperature regulating mechanism regulates the temperature of the chemical in said filter unit to a temperature at which no deposit is produced from the chemical in said filter.

Abstract: Methods of treating process water containing metal ions is disclosed including contacting the process water with a pulp comprising lignocellulose-containing material at a pH of above about 7 and a temperature of from about 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. whereby at least a portion of the metal ions are removed from the process water. Preferably the process water is produced from initially washing a pulp solution prior to a bleaching step employing hydrogen peroxide or ozone.

Abstract: In a pulp washing method which employs a dilution stage, followed by an extraction stage, and followed, in turn by a dilution stage, filtrates from the extraction stage and the displacement stage are segregated so that at least a part of the filtrate from the extraction stage may be removed from the pulp washing.

Abstract: Repositionable stacker bar pads composed of a relatively high-strength nonmetallic material have tongue-in-groove adjoining surfaces and glass-contact surfaces which are roughsned or serrated. The high strength material and overlapping tongue-in-groove "footprint" allows rigid and reliable attachment to a metal support structure. The rough finish of the glass-contact surface minimizes thermal checking and other hot-glass article problems.