Abstract: A polarizable material that includes a nonisotropic solution useful for making electrical devices. In one embodiment, the polarizable material is comprised of commercially available solid bar soap, neat soap or a polymorphic solid solution and employed as the dielectric in a capacitor or an electrolyte in a supercapacitor. In another embodiment the nonisotropic solution is employed as an electrolyte in an electrochemical battery.

Abstract: To degauss cassettes of magnetic tape, a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic material with a flux density of at least 1,000 gauss and at an angle between 20 degrees and 50 degrees from the horizontal of the magnetic tape for a time period of at least one second and the field is alternated at a frequency of at least ten hertz. The magnetic material may be rotated while it is in the field.

Abstract: A capacitor input type rectifier having a circuit for preventing an inrush current uses an AC phase detector for detecting the time that an AC voltage input has the smallest phase angle and provides an output signal indicative thereof to a phase control rectifier for initiating rectification of the AC voltage to provide a rectified output to a smoothing circuit for smoothing the rectified output of the phase control rectifier.

Abstract: A resist process system of the present invention includes at least two robots for conveying a wafer, a passage through which the robots can move, plural process units arranged along the passage, and a waiting unit for temporarily holding the wafer which is to be processed. The waiting unit is arranged beside the passage and between the process units and it includes plural compartments partitioned in it.

Abstract: A high voltage power supply controller includes a plurality of high voltage transformers, and causes the high voltage transformers to generate high voltages upon switching operations of corresponding switching transistors, to there by apply the high voltages to loads.

Abstract: A lens barrel for a camera wherein an outer profile thereof has a reduced dimension in a radial direction of a movable lens and with a lens holding member that can be moved smoothly in a direction of an optical axis of the movable lens held on the barrel. The lens barrel comprises an outer shell having a pair of guide portions provided therein and a lens holding member holding a movable lens thereon. The lens holding member has a pair of guide portions provided at the opposite locations thereof with respect to the optical axis and is supported at the guide portions thereof for sliding movement on the guide portions of the outer shell. The lens barrel further comprises an actuator including a coil securely mounted on the lens holding member and a magnet securely mounted on the outer shell. The coil and magnet are disposed coaxially to each other around the optical axis.

Abstract: A waterproof camera including a watertight camera body, air bleeding holes formed in the camera body to connect the inside and outside of the camera body, an air permeable and water impermeable filter attached to the air bleeding holes, and a jig guiding projection which guides a filter adhering jig adapted to attach the air permeable and water impermeable filter to the air bleeding holes.

Abstract: A key position computing apparatus for a player piano is presented which includes the following components (a) sensing device provided on each key and adapted for measuring a distance between a reference plane and a key surface for each key, (b) memory device for storing computer programs to compute the relationship between the output from the sensing device and the distance between the reference plane and the key surface, (c) programmable memory device for storing the characteristic operating data of the sensing device for each key, (d) computing device for computing the relationship between the output from the sensing device and the distance from the reference plane to the surface of each key, (e) gain adjusting device for adjusting the gain of the output from the sensing device to a constant value, and (f) linearizing device for approximating the output of the sensing device by a linearized signal.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a thin conductive layer is formed over an underlying structure in an integrated circuit. The underlying structure can be either a semiconductor substrate or an interlevel interconnect signal line. An insulating layer is deposited over the device. The insulating layer is patterned and etched in order to expose a portion of the underlying conductive layer and to define an interconnect signal line. When the signal line locations are etched away, the thin conductive layer acts as an etch stop and protects the underlying structure. A metal refill process can be used to then form interconnects and contacts within the etched interconnect lines. This results in interconnect and contacts having upper surfaces which are substantially coplanar with the upper surface of the insulating layer in which they are formed.

Abstract: In a camera having auto program zoom control, eye sensing control is used to determine if an object is adjacent to a viewfinder. The eye sensing control preferably includes a light emitting source and photocell. Light is emitted at first intervals, if no object is detected as being adjacent to the viewfinder, and light is emitted at second shorter intervals, if an object is detected as being adjacent to the viewfinder. Emitting light at different intervals results in conserving electrical energy.

Abstract: An improved audio transducer includes a diaphragm having a pair of cylindrically-shaped webs that provide greater bandwidth, reduced distortion and greater horizontal dispersion of sound. The audio output of the transducer is further improved by forming the diaphragm of a polyvinyl fluoride film. Other improvements include the use of damping pads to damp internal sound waves and damping strips on the diaphragm to minimize distortion at the resonant frequency of the transducer. In one alternative embodiment a laminated diaphragm is used to damp resonance in the high-frequency end of the transducer operating range.

Abstract: A camera comprising E.sup.2 PROM storing therein writing data for check sum and a plurality of adjustment data for compensating the control value of the camera to control the camera properly, and capable of electrically rewriting the data and holding the rewritten data still after a power source switch is opened, a comparator for finding the sum total of the writing data for check sum and the adjustment data in response to the closing of the power source switch and comparing the sum total with a predetermined value, and a monitoring device for effecting at least one of warning and release inhibition when the result of the comparison by the comparator is that the sum total is not equal to the predetermined value.

Abstract: An improved surface mountable tantalum capacitor and method of making same are disclosed. In accordance with the method of tubular tantalum container is fully or partially filled with tantalum powder, sintered to bond the powder to itself and to the container and thereafter conventionally processed to form dielectric and counter-electrode coatings. An anode termination is secured to an exterior surface of the container and a cathode termination is secured to a portion of the counter-electrode exposed through an opening in the container. The resultant capacitor is characterized by high capacitance per volume, a small footprint, shock resistance and low ESR.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor which includes an outer casing, a dielectric positive electrode oxide film layer on a planar valve metal, a plurality of capacitor elements each having a conductive macromolecules layer and a conductive layer overlying the conductive macromolecules layer at a predetermined portion of the dielectric positive oxide film layer, and two pairs of two-terminal external connectors each having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the external connectors being extended from opposite sides of the casing and bent over other side than the opposite sides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a capacitor and in particular to one mainly including a cover provided with two parallel ribs, an engaging flange with a raised member, and a plurality of holes, two conducting springs having a body portion with a plurality of projections and a plurality of U-shaped members extending downward to form an inclined member, a fixing plate having a lower portion with a hook member, and a housing formed with a chamber for receiving an insulating material, two recesses for insertion of a wire, and a plurality of slots for engaging with the fixing plate.

Abstract: A multiple capacitor assembly has a multiplicity of flat, prefired ceramic capacitor slabs each containing a plurality of spaced capacitor electrode plates. Each of the slabs has one side coated with an adhesive layer composed of a mixture of glass frit and a metal silicate. The coated slabs are superimposed on each other to form a stack. Upon firing the stack, the adhesive layers fuse and bond the slabs together. Electrically conductive terminal stripes are applied to sides of the stack to connect electrically with the electrode plates. Terminal leads are applied to the terminal stripes. A coating of glass frit paste is applied to the stack. Upon firing the stack, the terminal stripes bond to the sides of the stack; the terminal leads bond to the terminal stripes, and the glass coating fuses and forms a hermetically sealed encapsulation for the entire stack.

Abstract: A first polysilicon layer (18) is initially deposited onto a layer of field oxide (16). A dielectric (26) is formed on a portion of the first polysilicon layer (18). A second polysilicon layer (28) is deposited over the dielectric (26) and the first polysilicon layer (18). After the selective deposition of a mask (30) on to the second polysilicon layer (28), the polysilicon layers (18, 28) are anistropically etched to form a polysilicon to polysilicon capacitor (34) and a contact (36) of the capacitor (34). The dielectric (26) functions as an insulator for the capacitor (34) and as a barrier during anisotropic etching for protecting the underlying polysilicon layer (18).

Abstract: A high dielectric constant film comprised of at least a first dual-film layer, which includes a first tantalum oxide film, and a first metal oxide film which is made of a metal oxide whose valence is smaller than that of tantalum, and whose dielectric constant is equal to or greater than that of tantalum oxide. The first metal oxide film preferably has a thickness of less than approximately 50 angstroms, in order to thereby avoid the formation of a columnar structure, which has been identified as a principal cause of the high leakage current problem which has plagued presently available high dielectric constant capacitors. The first tantalum oxide film preferably has a thickness in the range of between approximately 5 angstroms to approximately 200 angstroms, with the ratio of the thickness of the first tantalum oxide film to the thickness of the first metal oxide film being in the range of 1:10 to 100:1.

Abstract: An electrical circuit interrupter for connection between two conductors has a first fixed contact electrically directly connected to one of the conductors, a second fixed contact adjacent the first fixed contact, a movable contact electrically directly connected to the other of the conductors, and a positive-temperature-coefficient resistor connected between the first and second fixed contacts. The movable contact is displaceable between a first closed position engaging only the first fixed contact, a second position engaging only the second contact, and an open position engaging neither of the fixed contacts, so that in the first position current can flow between the conductors without passing through the resistor, in the second position current flows through the resistor and current flow is limited thereby, and in the open position current cannot flow between the conductors.

Abstract: A process for producing a ceramic igniter comprising forming a slot in a green igniter body prior to densification and inserting into the slot an electrically non-conductive material is described. In addition, a ceramic igniter containing a slot insert produced by the process of the invention is disclosed. The inventon is particularly directed to single and double hairpin-shaped igniters.