Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a tooth-cleaning composition capable of well removing staining matters such as tar of tobacco and tea incrustation from teeth merely by cleaning teeth with it in a simplified manner for a short period of time not damaging the surfaces of teeth to thereby estethicize the thus-cleaned teeth, and to provide a method for producing the composition. The object can be attained by a tooth-cleaning composition that contains silicon nitride having a mean particle size of from 0.5 to 10 ?m. The method for producing the tooth-cleaning composition comprises mixing powder of silicon nitride, powder of natural wax, and a solution that contains a water-soluble polymer followed by stirring the resulting mixture until its viscosity at 25° C. reaches from 100,000 to 500,000 cps.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition comprising an alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl ester of 2-ketoalkanoic acid and a component for inducing and stabilizing the enol resonance form of the ester at physiological pH values is disclosed. The composition of the invention further comprises a pharmceutically acceptable carier vehicle in which the enol resonance form of the ester is stabilized at physiological pH values. Formulations containing the compositions of the invention permit the successful use of 2-ketoalkanoic acid esters, e.g., pyruvic acid esters, to treat, e.g., ischemic events, shock, organ reanimation, resuscitation and other recognized pyruvate-effective treatments. The compositions of the inventions are also useful in a process for preserving organ parts, organs or limbs removed from a living mammal and in need of preservation, e.g., for later transplantation to an organ recipient.

Abstract: Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, mevastatin, atorvastatin, and derivatives and analogs thereof are known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and are used as antihypercholesterolemic agents. The majority of them are produced by fermentation using microorganisms of different species identified as species belonging to Aspergillus, Monascus, Nocardia, Amycolatopsis, Mucor or Penicillium genus, and some are obtained by treating the fermentation products using the methods of chemical synthesis or they are the products of total chemical synthesis. The aforementioned active substances may be destabilized by the environmental factors, their degradation may also be accelerated by interactions with other pharmaceutical ingredients, such as fillers, binders, lubricants, glidants and disintegrating agents, therefore the pharmaceutical ingredients and the process for preparation of the pharmaceutical formulation should be meticulously chosen to avoid the aforementioned undesired interactions and reactions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of D-Mannose to prevent or inhibit uniting of sperm and egg in the conception process. The administration of D-Mannose to a female such that the environment of an egg has sufficient D-Mannose to inhibit interaction of sperm and the egg and prevent or inhibit conception. D-Mannose dosages may be complimentary to other methods of birth control to enhance their effectiveness.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and compositions for bringing about changes in skin pigmentation. More particularly, this invention relates to compounds which affect melanogenesis and can be used as depigmenting agents or as agents for darkening skin utilizing the PAR-2 pathway.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to pharmacological methods for the prevention of amelioration of sleep-related breathing disorders via administration of agents or combinations of agents that possess serotonin-related pharmacological activity.

Abstract: Compositions including a liquid medium, a cyclodextrin component and a preservative component which has a reduced tendency to being complexed with the cyclodextrin component. In one embodiment, the preservative component is a chlorite component. Active components, such as pharmaceutically active components or drugs, preferably are included in the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersible pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of L-DOPA ethyl ester, a therapeutically effective amount of a decarboxylase inhibitor, a filler, a disintegrant, and a lubricant. The present invention also provides a method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition described herein.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of treating erectile dysfunction comprising the step of placing within the fossa navicularis of the patient an effective erection-inducing amount of a prostaglandin E1 composition of a semi-solid consistency, as well as suitable applicators. The composition comprises prostaglandin E1, a penetration enhancer, a polysaccharide gum, a lipophilic compound, and an acidic buffer system. The penetration enhancer is an alkyl-2-(N,N-disubstituted amino)-alkanoate ester, an (N,N-disubstituted amino)-alkanol alkanoate, or a mixture of these. The lipophilic compound may be an aliphatic C1 to C8 alcohol, aliphatic C2 to C30 ester, an aliphatic C8 to C30 ester, or a mixture of these. The composition includes a buffer system capable of providing a buffered pH value for said composition in the range of about 3 to about 7.4.

Abstract: Atorvastatin and pravastatin may be destabilized by the environmental factors, their degradation may also be accelerated by interactions with other pharmaceutical ingredients, such as fillers, binders, lubricants, glidants and disintegrating agents, therefore the pharmaceutical ingredients and the process for preparation of the pharmaceutical formulation should be meticulously chosen to avoid the aforementioned undesired interactions and reactions. The present invention relates to a stable solid pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia. More precisely, the present invention relates to the new stable solid pharmaceutical formulation containing as an active ingredient, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, such as atorvastatin and pravastatin and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Niacin and niacin prodrugs are topically administered as suitable formulations to device for impoving the lipid profiles of subjects, preferably humans.

Abstract: A process, composition and method for increasing and enhancing mammalian eustachian tube lumen patency and pressure equalization performance is disclosed wherein an aerosolized mixture of lipid crystals comprised of a mixture of one or more lipids surfactants and one or more spreading agents selected from the group consisting of sterols, lipids, fatty acids, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, in powder form, and one or more propellants, in which the lipid surfactants and spreading agents are not soluble, are administered through a mammalian airway orifice. Upon administration, the propellant(s) are evaporated from the mixture and the lipid crystals are deposited within a subject mammalian eustachian tube whereupon said lipid crystals come into contact with lumen surfaces of the tube forming an amorphous spread film thereupon substantially decreasing the opening pressure of the lumen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-propylamino-benzothiazole (pramipexole), the (+)- or (−)-enantiomer thereof or one of the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof in conjunction with another antidepressant for the improved treatment of depression and depressive states.

Abstract: The invention presents methods for preventing and treating sensorineural hearing loss and is directed to the restoration or protection of hair cells in individuals experiencing a non-presbycusis type sensorineural hearing loss or who are at risk for an acute hearing loss due to exposure to noise, toxins, or other stressors. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of agents which augment inner ear antioxidant defenses (e.g. acetyl-L-carnitine, steroids, compounds that are transported into inner ear hair cells and then synthesized by said cells into glutahione) to prevent and/or reverse hearing loss induced by noise, toxins, or other stressors.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use in/for the preparation of a composition, as active principle in a physiologically acceptable medium, an efficient amount of at least a metalloproteinase inhibitor or any functional biological equivalent, for inducing and/or stimulating growth of hair or hairs and for slowing down their loss. The invention also concerns a method for the cosmetic treatment of hair or hairs.

Abstract: A composition, process and method is disclosed of decreasing mammalian upper respiratory system airway resistance by administering an aerosolized mixture of lipid crystals comprised of a mixture of one or more lipids surfactants and one or more spreading agents selected from the group consisting of sterols, lipids, fatty acids, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, in powder form, and one or more propellants, in which the lipid surfactants and spreading agents are not soluble, through a mammalian external airway orifice. Upon administration, the propellant(s) are evaporated from the mixture and the lipid crystals are deposited upon the air/liquid interface resident upon the epithelial lining of the upper respiratory system forming an amorphous spread film thereupon substantially decreasing the resistance to air flow through said upper respiratory system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceutical preparation for external use having excellent percutaneous absorption and applicability. The pharmaceutical preparations for external use of this invention comprise NSAIDs and, as a percutaneous absorption promoting agent, oleic acid, oleyl alcohol or a mixture thereof, in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous alcoholic solvent comprised of a monohydric saturated aliphatic alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms, a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic glycols of 2-4 carbon atoms and glycerol, and water.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of increasing and enhancing mammalian eustachian tube lumen patency and pressure equalization performance by administering an aerosolized mixture of lipid crystals comprised of a mixture of one or more lipids surfactants and one or more spreading agents selected from the group consisting of cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, in powder form, and one or more fluorocarbon propellants through a mammalian nasal orifice. Upon administration, the propellant(s) are evaporated from the mixture and the lipid crystals are deposited at a subject mammalian eustachian tube whereupon said lipid crystals come into contact with lumen surfaces of the tube forming an amorphous spread film thereupon substantially decreasing the opening pressure of the lumen.

Abstract: A mouth hygienic composition effective in treating halitosis. The composition comprises a chelate comprising a metal ion, preferably a zinc ion, and an amino acid, preferably glycine.

Abstract: This invention relates to an inhibitor having inhibitory activity against neovasculation, cell multiplication, lumen formation and fibroblast growth factor which comprises &bgr;-, &ggr;- or &dgr;-tocotrienol.