Abstract: A gas etching device comprises a vacuum vessel provided with a means for supplying into the vacuum vessel a gas containing therein oxygen atoms and a gas containing therein fluorine atoms, an etching gas-producing region provided within the vacuum vessel and provided with an exciting means for exciting said gases, and a reaction region provided within the vacuum vessel and disposed at a position spaced apart from the etching gas-producing region and having disposed therein a material to be etched. By the use of this device, etching can be performed with no deterioration of a resist, accordingly with success in fine fabrication, and with no damages to the material to be etched. Further, during the etching, the condition of the etching process can be watched with the naked eyes under illumination of natural light.

Abstract: A halogen such as chlorine is generated by the electrolysis of aqueous halides in an electrolysis cell which includes an anode and a cathode separated by an ion transporting membrane. At least the cathode, which is a mass of noble metal catalytic particles and particles of a suitable binder, is bonded to the surface of the membrane. An oxygen containing gaseous stream is brought into contact with the bonded cathode to depolarize the cathode and prevent or limit discharge of hydrogen at the cathode, thereby substantially reducing the cell voltage.

Abstract: A liquid dye penetrant composition for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate cracks and other defects or flaws therein, said composition comprising a liquid vehicle, preferably a nonionic surfactant such as an oxyalkylated aliphatic alcohol, and a single phase liquid red azo dye composition consisting essentially of C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 alkyl beta naphthols, particularly C.sub.7 H.sub.15 beta naphthols, and containing a liquid organic viscosity depressant compatible with the azo dyes, such as xylene, as represented by the dye composition marketed as Automate Red "B", and which is substantially free of insolubles. The dye penetrant composition may include an extender, preferably an isoparaffinic solvent consisting essentially of a mixture of isoparaffins having a chain length of about 10 to about 17 carbon atoms, and an average chain length of about 13 to about 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A cathode consisting essentially of a base material of copper, iron or nickel and formed thereon, a sintered coating composed mainly of at least one metal of Group VIII of the periodic table, said sintered coating having been prepared by coating said base material with a solution or suspension of a compound of said metal of Group VIII and heating the coating.

Abstract: A plastic bonded permanent magnet including particles of permanent magnet material having a high affinity for oxygen, such as ultra-fine grain iron, bismuth-manganese and cobalt rare earth magnetic materials, dispersed within a substantially oxygen free plastic.

Abstract: A magnetic recording composition which comprises a magnetic powder, a resinous binder, and triolein or a mixture of triolein and hexyl laurate as a lubricant. When used singly, triolein is used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt % of the binder. When used in combination, on the other hand, the total amount is in the range of up to 20 wt % of the binder while using the triolein in the range of 0.5 to 15 wt. % of the binder.

Abstract: A porous electrode, possessed of good physical qualities, containing size optimized electrocatalyst-bearing pores ensuring suitability for electrochemical reaction promotion, including the electroreduction of oxygen in alkaline media, is comprised of the compressed and compacted product of a pre-catalyzed, volumetrically reduced pre-form structure that, prior to densification, was characterizable in being laced with precursive interstitial passageways that are larger than electrode body pore size and which are comparably of a more open catalyst-applicating accessibility which passageways had been pre-provided on their wall surfaces with effective quantity deposits of catalytic agent.

Abstract: Sorbent particle suitable for use in conjunction with methods and apparatus for pollutant spill control is fabricated from a buoyant, compressible, resilient, oleophillic, hydrophobic, synthetic plastic substrate and a plurality of non-abrasive magnetically susceptible particles imbedded in, and substantially evenly distributed throughout, said substrate.

Abstract: A liquid dye penetrant composition for use in nondestructive testing of objects to locate cracks and other defects or flaws therein, said composition comprising (1) a nonionic surfactant, such as an ocyalkylated aliphatic alcohol, (2) a small amount of a dye soluble in the surfactant and (3) a substantial and preferably a major proportion, of a high boiling narrow-cut isoparaffinic solvent consisting essentially of a mixture of isoparaffins having a chain length of about 10 to about 17 carbon atoms, and an average chain length of about 13 to about 14 carbon atoms, as extender. Such composition is applied to the surface of an object containing cracks and other defects, water is applied to the surface of the object to remove excess liquid dye penetrant composition from the surface without removing such penetrant from such cracks and other defects, and with or without a developer, the surface of the object is viewed under suitable lighting conditions, e.g.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an iron-based magnetodielectric material comprising a thermoreactive binder in the form of modified and non-modified phenol formaldehyde resins, and a filler in the form of a fibrous filler preliminarily impregnated with said resins, the components being used in the following quantities, in % by weight:thermoreactive binder--8 to 25impregnated fibrous filler--5 to 20lubricant--0.5 to 1.5iron--the balance.

Abstract: A diaphragm for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brines in electrolytic diaphragm cells is comprised of a support fabric impregnated with a non-fibrilic active component containing silica where the porous diaphragm has a permeability to alkali metal chloride brines of from about 100 to about 300 milliliters per minute per square meter of diaphragm at a head level difference in the cell of from about 0.1 to about 20 inches of the alkali metal chloride brines. The active component containing silica is employed in concentrations of from about 10 to about 75 milligrams per square centimeter of support fabric.Suitable silica-containing materials include sand, colloidal silica, alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metal silicates, aluminum silicates, as well as minerals such as sepiolites, meerschaums, attapulgites, montmorillonites and bentonites.Support fabrics include, for example, felt fabrics produced from thermoplastics such as polyolefins or polyarylene sulfides.

Abstract: An electrolytic process for preparing organic hypohalite compounds from an aqueous brine and organic alcohol solution in a multi-chamber membrane type cell. For example, tertiary butyl hypochlorite is prepared in a membrane cell from tertiary butyl alcohol and a sodium chloride brine. An organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride can be used to extract the organic hypohalite formed in the aqueous brine phase either during or after electrolysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode having a substrate with an electrically active surface film. The film has a relatively imporous, dense portion in contact with the substrate and containing cobalt, tungsten, and phosphorous, and a less dense, more porous containing oxycompounds of cobalt. Also disclosed is a method of preparing the electrode by electroless deposition of cobalt, tungsten, and phosphorous onto a metallic substrate and heating of the substrate in the presence of oxygen to a temperature and for a time sufficient to form filament-like cobalt oxycompound elements extending outwardly from the surface of the film.

Abstract: A method for the electrolytic tinning of steel strip in an electrolytic bath wherein the steel strip is the cathode and insoluble anodes are used, the electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte solution containing tin ions and wherein the concentration of the tin ions in the bath is controlled by passing the solution exterior of the bath in contact with tin in particulate form, while simultaneously maintaining a high content of dissolved oxygen in the solution. This latter treatment replenishes the tin concentration of the solution and the thus replenished electrolytic solution can be returned to the bath in a manner so as to consistently maintain the tin ion concentration at the desired level.

Abstract: An electrolytic process is described for preparing organic hypohalite compounds from an electrolyte comprised of aqueous brine, organic alcohol, and organic solvent solution in an undivided cell. For example, tertiary butyl hypochlorite is prepared in an undivided cell by the electrolysis of tertiary butyl alcohol and aqueous sodium chloride brine. High product yield, high cell current efficiency, and high cell current density are achieved by proper selection and use of a suitable inert organic solvent in the cell during electrolysis, proper selection of anode to cathode gap distance, and proper control of the pH of the electrolyte solution. The organic hypohalite formed in the cell is recovered for use after electrolysis.

Abstract: Describes electrolytic cell with dimensionally stable anodes, non-porous ion-selective membranes separating said anodes from the cathode compartment, and a porous, static bed of loose, conducting cathodic material in the cathode compartment, extending between the conductive walls of the cathode compartment and the membrane and contacting the conductive walls of the cathode and said membranes to carry current between the walls of the cathode compartment and said membranes. This construction reduces the electrodic gap to substantially the thickness of the membranes and presses the membranes against the anodes. It produces greater uniformity of current density over the entire electrodic area, substantially free from localized differences of current density which tend to cause deterioration of membranes by the creation of localized mechanical and electrical stresses in other types of cells, and provides a method for carrying current from the effective cathodic surface to the walls of the cathode compartment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for the production of copper foils intended to be applied in particular to substrates of plastic material, comprising, inside a first electrolytic tank, an endless belt made of electrically conducting material, rotating continuously and having its lower part immersed in the electrolytic solution, wherein the formation of the electrolytic copper layer and, simultaneously, the desired structural formation of the superficial layer of the copper foil take place in this first tank and in one electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of an N,N'-disubstituted tetrahydro-4,4'-bipyridyl by electrolytic dimerization of the corresponding N-substituted pyridinium salt, characterized in that, using a system including an electrolytic cell having at least one diaphragm and an extractor disposed outside the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic dimerization is carried out while an aqueous catholyte containing the corresponding N-substituted pyridinium salt is circulated between the electrolytic cell and the extractor in which the product is extracted into an extraction solvent, followed by separation of the aqueous phase which alone is recycled into the electrolytic cell. According to the process of the present invention, the electrolytic dimerization can be continued stably for a long time, a high current efficiency can be attained and the desired product can be obtained in high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of cleaning foraminous metal bodies, for example, cathodes, of corrosion products and asbestos. The method is carried out by contacting the body with an aqueous cleaning solution containing an oxidation inhibitor, hydrochloric acid, and a source of hydrofluoric acid. Also disclosed is a method of electrolytically treating the cleaned metal surface with an organic hydroxy phosphonic acid.

Abstract: A device for fastening at least one plate inside an electrolyte bath and for feeding current thereto, which device comprises at least two electrically-insulated battens which run next to one another and between which the plate should be arranged with the flat sides thereof facing the battens, at least one of said battens comprising an imbedded electrical conductor which can be connected to the current source, and the device further comprises means to push the battens towards one another, said means being completely electrically insulated from the conductor while the means for insuring the electrical contact between the conductor and the plate are comprised of projections extending from that side facing the other batten of the first-mentioned batten with the electrical conductor, said projections contacting the conductor and passing cross-wise through said batten insulation, said projections engaging the plate when clamping said plate between both battens.