Abstract: TiB.sub.2 -graphite composite articles suitable for use as cathode components in a Hall aluminum reduction cell are made by impregnating a TiO.sub.2 -carbon composite with a boron compound and carbon black dispersed in water, or alternately by impregnating a boron or boron compound-carbon composite with a carbon black-TiO.sub.2 dispersion, and heating the article to a reaction temperature whereby TiB.sub.2 is formed and the amorphous carbon converted to graphite. The article may be impregnated with a carbonizable liquid, re-baked, and re-heated to a graphitizing temperature to increase its strength and density.

Abstract: Rigid unitary porous titanium disulfide (TiS.sub.2) electrodes, particularly useful in electrochemical cells. The electrodes are devoid of binders and other additives, except for incidental impurities. The electrodes are prepared by reacting elemental sulfur with a preformed porous titanium body of predetermined shape and size, the sulfur being provided in sufficient amount to stoichiometrically react completely with the titanium body thereby forming in situ a titanium disulfide body.

Abstract: The application is drawn to an electrode made of a number of elongated elements which are plates, rods or tubes. The elements are composed of inorganic conductive fibers embedded in a solid, electrochemically active material. The fibers are oriented in the direction of current flow.

Abstract: Crystalline methionine is prepared from an alkali metal methioninate by continuously electrolyzing an aqueous solution of the said alkali metal methioninate and a support electrolyte in an intermediate compartment of a cell comprising an anode compartment, an intermediate compartment containing the said aqueous solution and separated from the anode compartment by a cationic membrane, and a cathode compartment separated from the intermediate compartment by a cationic membrane, so that the alkali metal ions of the said methioninate are replaced by hydrogen ions generated in the anode compartment and themselves migrate to the cathode compartment to form an alkali metal hydroxide therein, and recovering free crystalline methionine from the electrolyzed aqueous solution in the said intermediate compartment, and alkali metal hydroxide from the said cathode compartment.

Abstract: Catalytic particles with an inert, corrosion resistant support material are provided with a catalyst finely dispersed in a matrix of an insoluble electrically conducting polymer formed in situ on each particle of inert support material.The inert support particles are catalytically activated by:(a) wetting them with a solution containing an inorganic precursor compound for the catalyst and an organic precursor compound for the insoluble polymer matrix,(b) drying the particles, and(c) heat treating them to convert the precursors to the catalyst dispersed in the polymer matrix.An electrode, e.g. an oxygen-evolving anode, is produced by either fixing the catalytic particles to an electrode base, e.g. lead, or by consolidating the catalytic particles into a porous electrode body.

Abstract: A fluorescent composition consisting essentially of(1) a polymer having a solubility parameter of at least about 9 such as polyethylene terephthalate etc. and(2) one or more organic fluorescent substances, at least one of said fluorescent substances showing difficult solubility such as anthraquinonic pigments, said fluorescent composition being characterized by the fact that when it is formed into a film having a thickness of about 1 mm, the film has a non-transmission index PTi (%), as defined by the following equation, of not more than 10,PTi=PAs-PAbwherein PAs is the percent light absorption at 800 nm of said film of the fluorescent composition, and PAb is the percent light absorption at 800 nm of a film having a thickness of about 1 mm of the polymer in the fluorescent composition.

Abstract: Mixtures of optical brighteners consisting of 1 to 60% by weight of a brightener from the bisbenzoxazolylnaphthalene series and 99 to 40% by weight of one or more brighteners of the formulae 2 to 10 listed in the description.

Abstract: Gaseous organic compounds are reacted at the surface of the electrode in a cell having a solid polymer electrolyte and externally applied current. The improvement passes water vapor to the solid polymer electrolyte to maintain the water of hydration in the solid polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: An anode paste for use in Soderberg-type electrolytic furnace for aluminum is disclosed, the paste comprising an aggregate and a binder, wherein the aggregate contains 20 to 35% by weight of a coke of a diameter of smaller than 0.08 mm and the weight ratio of the particles thereof of size of 0.2 to 2 mm to those of size of smaller than 0.08 mm is 0.5 to 1.3.

Abstract: In the manufacture of magnetic, plastic bonded molded bodies having different magnetic properties but the same physical dimensions, it has been found that variations in the amount of the magnetic mass constituent result in a change in the shrinkage behavior of the mass during and after shaping. Therefore, the shaping tools must be adapted to compensate for this varied shrinkage behavior. In order to prevent this varied shrinkage behavior, according to the invention, magnetic material in the mass is replaced by nonmagnetic inorganic material having the same or similar shrinkage behavior, the constituent of plastic remaining the same in both cases. Since the ratio of binder to material to be bonded remains constant as regards volume, in the final product, molded bodies having strongly different magnetic properties can be manufactured without having to change the shaping tool.

Abstract: An electrode comprises a thin net type sheet having 50 to 3 mesh and a wire diameter of 0.15 to 2 mm and an elastic deformation factor of up to 1 mm under load of 1 Kg/cm.sup.2 which is covered with an electrode active material and a foraminous planner electrode support with which said thin net is closely brought into contact.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrolytic process is provided with a mixed oxide interface between a titanium base and an outer coating. The mixed oxide is formed at said interface by means of titanium from the base and noble metal from a solution containing a predetermined amount of HCl which attacks the titanium base surface. Slow drying provides a metal chloride mixture which is thermally converted to said mixed oxide of titanium and noble metal in a given ratio, whereby to protect the titanium base from oxidation.An outer coating of manganese dioxide or lead dioxide is electroplated on the mixed oxide layer so as to provide an inexpensive electrode with improved resistance to oxidation.This electrode can be used for various processes where a high resistance to oxidation is required, e.g. as a manganese dioxide anode in a metal electrowinning process or as a lead dioxide anode for electroflotation or organic oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Rare-earth metal salts of organic carboxylic acids of this invention constitute themselves phosphors which exhibit unusually high luminescence efficiency, excel in chemical and physical stability and weatherability, show high affinity for other chemical substances and promise extensive usefulness in the field of high-performance luminescent products.

Abstract: Magnetizable recording medium for nondestructive magnetic particle inspection of an object or part, for detection of defects and metallurgical conditions therein, in the form of a rubber-like resilient pad, e.g. a cast silicone rubber pad, having dispersed therein magnetic oxides, e.g. ferromagnetic particles, of high magnetic retentivity, and having high magnetic remanent flux density, e.g. of the order of about 1,850 gauss, or higher, and a magnetic coercive force of the order of about 280 oersteds, or higher. There can be embedded or sandwiched into the magnetizable rubber-like pad an open-mesh fabric, e.g. a silk layer, to provide magnetic recordable pads of improved dimensional stability and reuseability.

Abstract: The process and apparatus for reducing soot in soot-containing gases, such as exhaust gases from a Diesel engine, by applying thereto an alternating or pulsating voltage to promote oxidation of soot and to change the character of soot. The resultant gas may be contacted with active medium, such as a heated net of metal or an oxidation catalyst, to oxidize the remaining soot.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a non-bleeding gas electrode for operation under the rigors of high current density and to the active layer thereof. This active layer is comprised of 60 to 90 weight percent high surface area, electroconductive carbon (with or without catalyst thereon), 10 to 40 weight percent particulate polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and has pores sufficiently large to relieve internal hydrodynamic pressures thus preventing liquid being forced through the electrode wetproofing layer to the air side thereof. In addition such electrodes include a PTFE-containing wetproofing or backing layer secured on one side to said active layer and on the other side to a current distributor.

Abstract: N-substituted-2-(R)-(sulfinic acid)-3-(S)-(acylamino)-4-oxo-azetidines, which are useful as intermediates in 1-oxa .beta.-lactam antibiotics, are synthesized by electrolytic reduction of 7-(S)-acylamino-3-hydroxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid compounds.

Abstract: Concentration and reclaiming of magnetic fluids is accomplished by (1) flocculation of the magnetic particles by addition of hydrochloric acid, (2) separation of the resulting flocculated particles, and (3) redispersion of the flocculated particles by addition of an aqueous suspension of ammonia, preferably with heating.

Abstract: An electrode for use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionizable compounds is produced by a method which comprises affixing filaments to a support fabric to form a network of filaments. An electroconductive metal is deposited on the filaments to form metal coated filaments. During the metal deposition, interfilament bonding takes place at contact sites between adjacent filaments. Removing the support fabric from the metal coated filament network produces a reticulate electrode having a porosity of at least about 80 percent. The three dimensional electrodes are highly conductive, have high internal surface area, and are mechanically strong.

Abstract: An electrode with an outer coating for effecting an electrolytic process is provided with a protective intermediate coating consisting of a conducting insoluble polymer network formed in situ on a titanium base and containing a small amount of finely dispersed platinum group metal catalyst.A method of manufacturing the electrode comprises applying to the titanium base several layers of a solution containing a polymer precursor and a platinum metal compound which are thermally converted to the protective polymer coating, on which the outer coating is formed, more particularly by electrodepositing manganese dioxide or lead dioxide.The polymeric intermediate coating serves to protect the titanium base from oxidation, and to more particularly provide stable electrode performance with economical use of precious metal.