Abstract: The present invention provides reactive formazan dyestuffs of the general formula (I), Wherein A, B, D, Me, Q, R, and Z are defined in this document. The dyes according to the invention are distinguished by high fixation and a very good build-up. They are distinguished also by a low substantivity and a high exhaustion, and they have fiber-reactive properties and are very highly suitable for dyeing and printing of materials containing either cellulose fibers.

Abstract: A process is described which permits the preparation of Ritonavir with only five intermediate stages using the same starting materials as those used in the process described in WO 94/14436; the process described here is also particularly satisfactory from the point of view of environmental impact because nearly all of the carbon atoms used are subsequently incorporated in the final molecule. Finally, the improvement afforded by this novel process is linked with the fact that an inexpensive reagent, such as bis-trichloromethyl carbonate (BTC), is used in two of the five stages.

Abstract: A method of using compounds of formula I in which the C═C double bond is present in E and/or Z configuration and the variables have the following meanings: R1 denotes COOR5, COR5, CONR5R6, CN, O═S(—R5)═O, O═S(═OR5)═O, R7O—P(—OR8)═O; R2 denotes COOR6, COR6, CONR5R6, CN, O═S(—R6)═O, O═S(═OR6)═O, R7O—P(—OR8)═O; R3 denotes hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical having in each case up to 18 carbon atoms; R4 denotes an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical containing from 5 to 12 ring atoms; R5 to R8 independently denote hydrogen, an open-chain or branched-chain aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic or optionally substituted aromatic radical containing in each case up to 18 carbon atoms, where the variables R3 to R8 may also form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a 5-membered or 6-membered

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to prepare alkylene carbonate of the formula (1) wherein, R1 and R2 are each independently H; C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl group; which method characterized by reacting alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) metal halide [MXm] and b) pyridine or pyridine derivative [Py], wherein Py is selected from a group of pyridines; M is a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb and In; X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I; and m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Pyrrole-Type compounds, compositions comprising Pyrrole-Type compounds, and methods useful for treating or preventing cancer or a neoplastic disorder comprising administering a composition comprising a Pyrrole-Type compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for inhibiting the growth of a cancer cell or neoplastic cell. The present invention also relates to novel Pyrrole-Type compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating or preventing a viral infection. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for inhibiting the replication and/or infectivity of a virus.

Abstract: The subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of substituted 4-methylbiphenyls of general formula: in which R is a cyano group or a protected tetrazolyl group of formula: in which R1, situated at the 1 or 2 position of the tetrazolyl group, is a protective group, characterized in that a halobenzene of formula: in which Hal is a halogen atom and R has the same meaning as above, is reacted with a p-tolylmagnesium halide in the presence of a linear or branched polyether and of a catalyst comprising a transition metal.

Abstract: An integrated process for the production of a dialkyl carbonate and a diol from an alkylene oxide, carbon dioxide and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol is described in which an alkylene oxide is first reacted with carbon dioxide in the presence of a carbonation catalyst to provide a corresponding cyclic carbonate and impurities and the cyclic carbonate, which contains the impurities, is then reacted with an aliphatic monohydric alcohol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to provide a corresponding dialkyl carbonate and diol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) in which R(2) and R(3) independently of one another are —SR(4) or —COOR(5) and R(1), R(4) and R(5) have the meaning indicated in the description, which comprises cyclizing compounds of the formula II in which R(1), R(2) and R(3) have the meaning defined above, in the presence of alkylphosphonic anhydrides to give compounds of the formula (I), then purifying these in as is known per se by salt formation and, if appropriate, subsequent recrystallization and optionally removing radicals introduced for the protection of other functional groups in a manner known per se; and their use as intermediate for the synthesis of active compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are antagonists of VLA-4 and/or &agr;4&bgr;7, and as such are useful in the inhibition or prevention of cell adhesion and cell-adhesion mediated pathologies. These compounds may be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and are suitable for use in the treatment of AIDS-related dementia, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, atherosclerosis, autologous bone marrow transplantation, certain types of toxic and immune-based nephritis, contact dermal hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, inflammatory lung diseases, inflammatory sequelae of viral infections, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, multiple myeloma, myocarditis, organ transplantation, psoriasis, pulmonary fibrosis, restenosis, retinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, stroke, tumor metastasis, uveititis, and type I diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention describes compounds useful for treating warm-blooded animals suffering from disease states related to an abnormal enzymatic or catalytic activity of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV), and/or disease states related to a physiologically detrimental excess of cytokines, in particular allergic, atopic and inflammatory diseases, said compounds having the formula the N-oxide forms, the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof.

Abstract: &agr;- and &bgr;-amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonyl urea derivative compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: 5-carboxyphthalide is obtained with very high purity and in high yields by a convenient process comprising reaction of terephthalic acid with paraformaldehyde HO(CH2)nH in oleum.

Abstract: The liquid-phase epoxidation reaction of an olefin with hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst mixture comprising titanium zeolite and a supported catalyst surprisingly shows higher activity toward epoxide production when the supported palladium catalyst is pre-treated with bromide, or where the reaction is performed in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal bromide compound.

Abstract: The process for producing a low acid value phosphoric ester of the present invention is characterized by comprising treating a phosphoric ester having an acid value with an organic ortho-acid ester. The phosphoric ester preferably has a specific structure. The organic ortho-acid ester is preferably an ester of orthoformic acid, orthoacetic acid or orthopropionic acid with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an in promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, to an unsaturated nitrile

Abstract: Hydroxyaromatic compounds such as phenol are carbonylated with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIIIB metal, preferably palladium; an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide, preferably sodium bromide; and a promoter compound which is at least one C2-8 aliphatic or C7-10 aromatic mono- or dinitrile, preferably acetonitrile or adiponitrile. The catalyst system also preferably contains a compound of a non-Group VIIIB metal, preferably lead.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel processes for the preparation of (2R-cis)-2-[[1-[3.5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethenyl]oxy]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(phenylmethyl) mopholine. This compound is useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of compounds which possess pharmacological activity.

Abstract: The present invention is to novel sulfonyl isatin compounds of Formula (I), their pharmaceutical compositions, and the novel inhibition of caspases for use in the treatment of apoptosis, and disease states caused by excessive or inappropriate cell death.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an optically active oxazolidinone derivative comprising allowing hydrazine to react on an optically active ester having a hydroxyl group at the 3-position which is represented by formula (II): wherein R1 represents a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a methoxymethyl group, a benzyloxymethyl group, a benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl group which may have a substituent or substituents on the benzene ring thereof, an acylaminomethyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxycarbonylaminomethyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, an acetylaminomethyl group, a benzoylaminomethyl group, or a benzyl group; and * indicates an asymmetric carbon atom, and subjecting the resulting hydrazide to Curtius rearrangement.