Abstract: The jacket of a cored light guide is completely or partially etched away; or, if the light guide is a gradient fiber guide, it is etched to about the light guiding diameter. A lens is then adhered to the end of the fiber, the lens being made of a material having a melting point which is low in relation to the melting point of the core material, to result in a light guide having an essentially semispherical lens at the end; adhesion may be effected by melting on a lens of lower melting point glass, or by making the lens of transparent epoxy, a drop of which can be cured on the light guide to form the lens.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing glass rod for optical waveguides is proposed. In this method, several gaseous mixtures or powdery mixtures of materials for glass forming are reacted at a high temperature and deposited on the top or end of a rotating glass rod which is initially deposited on a rotating base plate and grown in the form of a rod of a fixed powdery or vitreous state. It is possible to obtain the glass rod having a predetermined radial distribution of index of refraction.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the preparation of glass articles wherein a portion thereof is opaque and another portion thereof is transparent and, optionally, integrally colored. The opaque portion is produced through the thermal reduction and precipitation of a controlled number of submicroscopic particles of at least one metal selected from the group of copper, gold, palladium, platinum, and silver with the subsequent nucleation and growth of NaF crystals on said metal particles to a size sufficient to scatter visible light. The transparent portion is developed through the photoreduction of at least one photosensitive metal selected from the group of copper, gold, and silver to produce additional submicroscopic particles of said metals upon which NaF crystals are nucleated and grown, but which remain in a size too small to scatter visible light. The presence of copper or gold alone gives rise to a single color, whereas the inclusion of silver permits a full spectrum of colors to be produced.

Abstract: A mechanism for operating the molds of a glass molding machine. The glass molding machine includes a base and a table rotatably mounted on the base. The glass forming molds are operatively mounted on the rotary table. A plurality of work stations are provided on the base and cooperate to define glass molding cycle for each of the molds. The table is indexed by a drive through a preselected angle by a drive mechanism so that the molds are each moved to each of the work stations. An over the center linkage is provided for normally holding the molds in a closed position. An operating cylinder is at one of the work stations for selectively opening each mold for removal of the formed glass product during the cycle. The indexing drive moves each of the molds past the opening means at least one time during each cycle, each cycle generally being 720.degree., without opening the mold. The linkage also holds each of the molds in the open position for a selected interval for removal of the formed glass product.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for strengthening glass articles and, in particular, glass containers such as beer bottles. The invention is directed to a process whereby the article is sprayed over its surface with a solution containing potassium fluoride and a metal acetate which prevents etching of the surface by the fluoride ions. The article is then treated at an elevated temperature to allow exchange of the potassium ions for the sodium ions in the glass.

Abstract: A method for the production of single-material light-guiding fibers which have a core supported in a glass sheath in a cantilever manner by glass webs characterized by providing a crucible having an exit nozzle with an opening having a configuration of the cross section of the light-guiding fiber with a core portion connected by web portions to a surrounding annular portion, providing molten material of the light-guiding fiber in the crucible, drawing the molten material from the crucible through the exit nozzle to form a continuous integral workpiece having a core portion supported in a glass sheath in a cantilever manner by integral glass webs and continuously drawing the integral workpiece into the single-material light-guiding fiber. The crucible is formed by a pair of hollow bodies supported in an outer cylindrical member in a cantilever manner so that the cylindrical member and the pair of hollow bodies form the exit nozzle with the desired configuration.

Abstract: Strengthened and densified ceramic bodies are produced by hot pressing lead itanate powder into a lead titanate ceramic at a pressure from 1000 to 5000 psi and at a temperature from 700 to 1100.degree. C if the atmosphere is reducing or from 700 to 1200.degree. C if the atmosphere is oxidizing and by annealing the lead titanate ceramic at a temperature from 600 to 1100.degree. C in an oxidizing atmosphere for at least four hours.

Abstract: Glass is strengthened against failure under tension by treating the glass with a combination of straight chain, saturated, terminal monocarboxyl fatty acid plus the salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal, both dissolved in an inert carrier and applied to the glass at a temperature in a preferred range between 100.degree. and 300.degree. C., after which the glass is slowly cooled to avoid thermal stress.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing glass, in which an oxide ss is mixed with a reducing agent and a combination of compounds which provide a dopant, donor-acceptor ion pair. This ion pair is selected from the group consisting of trivalent thulium plus trivalent cerium, trivalent bismuth plus trivalent europium, or trivalent bismuth plus trivalent samarium. The resulting mixture is homogenized and heated to about 1100.degree. C. The hot melt is allowed to fall on a ceramic surface and pressed with a second ceramic surface to produce a glass disk. When borax, phosphate, and germanate glasses are used, the glass ingredient is dried overnight at 150.degree. C followed by addition of a quantity of dopant ions, then homogenized, heated, and a disk formed as above.The glass thus produced is capable of emitting monochromatic radiation in predetermined regions of the spectrum wherein the emitted radiation has an unexpectedly high intensity compared with radiation emitted by singly doped glass.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles having compositions within the Li.sub.2 O-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 field nucleated with a combination of TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 wherein beta-spodumene solid solution constitutes the primary crystal phase. Mullite and/or corundum along with ZrTiO.sub.4 solid solution and, occasionally, ZrO.sub.2 solid solution are present as secondary crystal phases. Because of their low coefficients of thermal expansion and exceptional long time dimensional stability at temperatures up to 1000.degree. C., the compositions can be useful in applications where extreme changes in temperature are experienced; for example, the construction of honeycomb structures used in regenerative heat exhchangers for turbine engines.

Abstract: Powders of barium titanate, of an alkaline-earth-zirconate and of a cadmium containing glass are mixed with an organic binder to form a body that is subsequently fired at from 1800.degree. F to 2050.degree. F to make a glass-reacted-ceramic dielectric having a glass phase intermixed with a single titanate-zirconate phase. The omission of the conventional calcining step to obtain the single phase titanate-zirconate results in a substantial cost saving.

Abstract: A sealing glass and a sealing glass paste for sealing the face plate and funnel portion of a color television tube wherein PbO-containing sealing glass frit contains from an effective amount of a powder, such as Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 powder, which powder prevents the reduction of PbO to Pb metal during the sealing process, which reduction would otherwise result in a dielectric breakdown in the seal. A sealing glass paste consisting essentially of a PbO--B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --ZnO sealing glass frit and containing an effective amount of said powder, based upon the weight of the frit, together with hydroxypropyl cellulose binder for the frit and a solvent for the binder. A method for sealing the face plate of a color television tube to its funnel portion with a PbO-containing solder glass wherein the reduction of PbO to metallic lead during the sealing step is obviated by the addition of a sufficient amount of Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 or BaO.sub.2 powder in the solder glass and paste made therewith, which Pb.sub.3 O.sub.

Abstract: In apparatus for molding glass into hollow-shaped articles such as glass containers, glass charges are delivered to a parison mold wherein the glass is shaped either by a plunger or by a counterblow within the parison mold. The charge of glass that is delivered to the parison mold is guided into the mold by a superimposed funnel. The funnel is alternately moved into and out of position at the open, upper end of the parison mold to effect the guiding of the charge. The mechanism for moving the funnel on a conventional I.S. machine must be capable of moving the funnel from an upper, radially displaced position, to a lower, seated position concentric with the mold. The operation of the funnel seating motion is accomplished by the use of a generally reciprocable, fluid-operated motor in which a funnel-carrying arm is fixed to the piston rod of the motor and the rod is turned about its vertical axis during its upward and downward movement.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved glass compositions of the SiO.sub.2 -Na.sub.2 O-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -ZrO.sub.2 system for use in chemical strengthening. The improvement of the invention resides in proportioning the components so as to provide better melting glass compositions with lower liquidus temperatures and greater working ranges than normally associated with such systems. Such glasses are better suited for forming the updraw or float methods.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing mineral fibers from a mineral melt. Two groups of spinner wheels are arranged symmetrically with respect to each other. Each group includes a primary spinner wheel which receives molten mineral and a secondary spinner wheel to which material is transferred from the primary spinner wheel. The wheels in each group are rotated on horizontal axes in opposite directions and the secondary spinner wheels are rotated in a direction such that at the place where they are closest to one another, the peripheral motion of each is upward. An air stream is directed horizontally and generally axially of the spinner wheels such that it sweeps over the peripheral surfaces of the spinner wheels for transferring fibers to a fiber collection surface.

Abstract: The instant invention is related to the production of glass-ceramic articles which exhibit a hydrophobic character and an inherent tactile quality of being slippery or oily to the touch. Such articles are dervived from compositions within the MgO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 --F quaternary and contain the humite mineral norbergite (Mg.sub.2 SiO.sub.4. MgF.sub.2) as a major crystal phase. The intrinsic hydrophobic character and lubricity of the inventive compositions recommend their utility in such applications as (1) high temperature bearing or other low friction mechanical devices, an (2) non-sticking and easily-cleaned culinary ware.

Abstract: The present invention primarily comprises an improvement upon the method for producing photosensitive colored glasses or polychromatic glasses utilizing two sequences of exposure to high energy or actinic radiation followed by heat treatment. The invention contemplates replacing the second exposure/heat treatment step with a heat treatment conducted in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of at least 350.degree. C., but below the strain point of the glass. The resultant articles can be particularly useful in ophthalmic applications.

Abstract: A process for producing transparent high-annealing-point 96% silica glass comprising the steps of depositing a carbon film on the pore walls of the glass, heating the glass and film under non-oxidizing conditions, and removing the carbon film by oxidation, is described.

Abstract: Glassware forming apparatus includes a parison mold, a blow mold, a pair of neck rings for supporting glassware blanks, first and second invert arms for supporting the neck rings and first and second arbors for supporting the first and second invert arms, respectively. The invert arms support their respective neck rings for movement in a common vertical plane. The axes of the arbors extend generally parallel to one another and generally perpendicular to the common plane. The molds have parallel vertical axes lying in said common vertical plane. Apparatus is provided for shifting the arbors such that their axes move toward and away from one another during an operating cycle. Apparatus is provided for pivoting the arbors about their axes to move the neck rings in invert and revert arcs between the parison mold and the blow mold.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a glass tube with a uniform nozzle portion, i.e., one which has a true centerline. The method involves suspending the tube on vertically space suspension points therealong, with the lower of the suspension points being arranged to apply a dead weight to the tube. The tube is rotated at the upper of the suspension points as it is heated above its vertical center to a temperature at which it becomes slightly plastic, but below the temperature at which the dead weight could significantly stretch the tube. This heating to the point of plasticity allows the dead weight to straighten out any axial deviations in the tube. Following the straightening, the tube is heated centrally to a higher drawing temperature sufficient to allow the dead weight to stretch the tube to a predetermined length and thereby provide a uniform necked down portion centrally of the tube. The necked down portion can then be severed at its midpoint to provide two glass electrode tubes.