Abstract: An electrochemical measuring electrode device (10) for polarographically measuring the partial pressure of oxygen in an electrolytic medium comprises a cathode (14) which is capable of reducing oxygen and defines an exposed oxygen-reducing cathode surface (20), an anode (18), which defines an exposed anode surface which is arranged relative to the exposed oxygen-reducing cathode surface so as to communicate electrolytically therewith through the electrolytic medium, and a membrane (24), which covers the exposed oxygen-reducing cathode surface and further defines an electrolyte chamber (22) in which the electrolytic medium is confined. In order to effectively promote the decomposition of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 generated in the electrolytic medium as an oxygen reduction intermediate and thereby reduce the response time of the electrode, a stable, non-biological catalytic means is provided catalytically communicating with the H.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Abstract: A method of measuring an ion-concentration and the like characterized by a sample absorbed in an easily absorbing solution material and the absorbing material is brought into contact with a measuring portion to measure an ion-concentration and the like in the sample so that a highly accurate measurement can be achieved even though a quantity of the sample is small. In addition, the desired measurement can be carried out without using any instruments for sampling and needing any complicated pretreatments. A sheet for use in the calibration of an ion-concentration (and the like) measuring device characterized by a calibrating buffer solution absorbed in a chemically stabilized, hygroscopic, water-absorbing sheet eluting no ions and then the water-absorbing sheet is dried.

Abstract: An improvement of a device for measuring ion activity in a liquid sample comprising at least a pair of ion-selective electrode sheets, liquid-guiding portions for guiding a reference liquid and a liquid sample to each active surface of the pair of ion-selective electrode sheets respectively, and a bridge for electrically connecting both liquids supplied on the electrode sheets to each other is disclosed.

Abstract: Baths and methods for electroplating tin or tin-lead alloys wherein the formation of tetravalent tin and stannic oxide sludge is reduced or prevented. These baths contain a soluble divalent tin compound, a soluble alkyl or alkylol sulfonic acid at least one wetting agent, and a hydroxyl phenyl compound reducing agent. Other compounds may be added to the bath for improving its performance during electroplating.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid-state electrode or micro-electrode sensor apparatus for measuring certain characteristics of an aqueous sample such as a body fluid or a blood sample and more particularly to such apparatus which employs a disposable cartridge containing a sensor or a bank of sensors for such characteristics and reagents used to calibrate the sensors.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are an electrochemical method for determining the end point of oxidation-reduction reactions, certain exchange reactions or precipitation reactions of organic or inorganic compounds and a dipole gold electrode used therein. The method comprises immersing a pair of electrodes or an electrode having a gold sensing portion and detecting and analyzing variations in electrical potential or current observed during the reaction. The electrode comprises a tube having a closed bottom, a pair of gold members passed through and projected outside the tube, a pair of terminals disposed at the top of the tube and a pair of metal elements electrically connecting the gold members and the terminals. This method and the electrode makes it possible to effectively determine the end point of the reaction with high accuracy and good reproducibility.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a laminar electrode. The method comprises successive superposition of an insulating support, a conductive layer, a stable-potential internal reference element and an ion-selective diaphragm, all of which are protected by a mask which is impermeable to aqueous solutions. A completely tight seal between the mask and the ion-selective diaphragm is formed by casting the diaphragm in the form of a solution containing a binder which dissolves with and intimately mixes with the mask material.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement is described in which a semi-conductor component, such as an ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) is secured to a ducting component containing ducts to carry fluid towards and away from a sensitive region of the ISFET. The two components are secured together by means of a gasket formed of porous material and apertured where adhesion of the components to one another is not required. The gasket is inserted between the components and adhesive applied to an exposed portion, such as a tab, of the gasket. The adhesive is distributed by capillary action to all parts of the gasket and secures the components together without affecting those areas of the components juxtaposed with the apertured region or regions of the gasket.

Abstract: A micro-amperometric electrochemical sensor for detecting the presence of a pre-determined species in a fluid material is disclosed. The sensor includes a smooth substrate having a thin coating of solid electrolytic material deposited thereon. The working and counter electrodes are deposited on the surface of the solid electrolytic material and adhere thereto. Electrical leads connect the working and counter electrodes to a potential source and an apparatus for measuring the change in an electrical signal caused by the electrochemical oxidation or reduction of the species. Alternatively, the sensor may be fabricated in a sandwich structure and also may be cylindrical, spherical or other shapes.

Abstract: A composition and method are disclosed for electroplating microporous chromium layers without the requirement that microparticles be present either in the chromium layer or in a sublayer. A composition used contains chromic acid and sulfoacetic acid and, optionally, dichromate ion, sulfate ion and/or fluoride ion but being substantially free of iodide, selenide or bromide ions. A deposit having at least 20,000 micropores per square inch results. The process may be used to make multiple layer articles having an outer layer of microporous chromium.

Abstract: An electrode formed on an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte body of an oxygen sensing element such that the electrode is exposed to a measurement fluid to be measured, for detecting a concentration of oxygen in the fluid. The electrode is formed of a porous cermet layer which has a thickness of at least 3 microns. The porous cermet layer includes as major components thereof an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte, and at least two platinum-group metals which are selected from the platinum group and which includes platinum and rhodium. A content of said rhodium and a total content of the above at least two platinum-group metals are determined so as to satisfy the following formulas: R/M=0.2 to 0.8, and M/(SE+M)=0.3 to 0.8, where, R=volume % of rhodium included in the cermet layer, M=total volume % of the at least two platinum-group metals, and SE=volume % of the oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte included in the cermet layer.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor includes an electrically conductive substrate directly coated with an electrolytic oxidative polmeric membrane, which contains a porphyrin compound and a metal complex thereof. Also provided is an oxygen sensor capable of being subjected to a temperature calibration and including an oxygen electrode consisting of an electrically conductive substrate directly coated with a porphyrin derivative compound and a metal complex compound thereof, a reference electrode, a gelled polymeric electrolyte in which the oxygen electrode and reference electrode are immersed, and an oxygen-selective permeable membrane coating the gelled polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention provides a zinc-nickel alloy plating bath comprising about 3 to about 30 g/l of Zn ion, about 0.2 to about 20 g/l of Ni ion, about 20 to about 300 g/l of alkali hydroxide, about 0.05 to about 10 g/l of amino-alcohol polymer, an Ni-complexing agent in an amount of about 1 to about 20 moles per mole of Ni ion, and about 0.01 to about 20 g/l of amino acid and/or a salt of amino acid, the bath having a pH of 11 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of industrial low hydrogen embrittlement nickel plating by using an insoluble anode, comprising the steps of preparing a plating bath composed of only nickel sulfate, sodium sulfate and boric acid, and performing plating in the plating bath while making electrolysis by using a lead anode as the insoluble anode and while supplying nickel carbonate slurry into the plating bath to thereby cause the nickel carbonate to dissolve in a plating solution in the plating bath under the control of pH of the plating solution, and further disclosed is a steel-formed matter which is plated by the method described above.

Abstract: An oxygen sensing element having an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte body, a measuring and a reference electrode formed on the solid electrolyte body so as to communicate with a measurement and a reference gas, respectively. The solid electrolyte body is formed by firing an unfired body of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte material containing a sitnering aid. The firing temperature is selected within a range defined by a permissible lowest sintering point of the unfired formed body, and an upper limit which is 60.degree. above the permissible lowest sintering point, whereby an amount of the sintering aid left on the surface of the first solid electrolyte body is smaller than that left within an interior structure of the solid electrolyte body, as viewed in a transverse cross sectional plane of the solid electrolyte body.

Abstract: An oxygen analyzer using an oxygen sensor by which the oxygen concentration of a measuring gas can be detected. The oxygen sensor includes an oxygen pump and an oxygen concentration cell. The detecting principle is to vary the reference voltage to be compared with an output electromotive force of the oxygen concentration cell by using a predetermined relationship between the electromotive force and the pumping current, thus eliminating the need of using a reference air of which oxygen concentration is compared as a reference.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide can be detected using a pyrolytic graphite edge electrode when cytochrome c peroxidase and an aminoglycoside are both present in the system.

Abstract: The reference electrode includes a liquid junction portion where an internal solution is brought into contact with a sample solution by a thin film member formed of a substance having a low solubility in water and aqueous solutions and mounted on the liquid junction portion so that leakage of the internal solution to a side of the sample solution can be almost completely prevented. The thin film member forming the liquid junction portion is made of MgF.sub.2 or CaF.sub.2. A limiting equivalent ionic conductivity of a cation and that of a anion, which are comparatively large, and a transfer coefficient of the cation and that of the anion are nearly equal to each other so that a low solubility in water and aqueous solution can be realized to the extent that it is almost the same if the internal solution was brought into direct contact with the sample solution. In addition, an inter-liquid differential potential can be reduced and stabilized and high accuracy of measurement and reliability can thus be secured.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrolytic plating of computer memory discs comprising a plating container for the receipt of a liquid plating bath, a spindle fitted to the plating container, a prime mover connected to the spindle for causing relative rotational movement, a fixed and non-translatable stationary anode attached to the plating container, an electrical transmission system connected to the spindle and to the anode, and suitable current distribution controllers positioned within the plating container. The spindle has a receiving area for fixing to the inner diameter of a computer memory disc. The stationary anode is positioned on opposite sides of the receiving area of the spindle. The electrical transmission system includes a contact surface for establishing electrical contact with the edge of a computer memory disc. The current distribution controllers are adjacent the contact surface of the electrical conductors.

Abstract: An analytical composition, electrode and method are useful for the detection of lithium ions in an aqueous liquid. The lithium ion-selective composition comprises a lipophilic group-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline, a compound capable of solvating the phenanthroline, and a supporting matrix. This composition can be used in a lithium ion-selective electrode as a lithium ion-selective membrane. The electrode can also comprise an internal reference electrode.