Abstract: An oven includes two tungsten-halogen lamp units strategically positioned, so that infra-red radiation generated by the units is emitted into the oven cavity to brown or grill food placed in the cavity. The cavity also includes, in one embodiment, an infra-red-reflective support for reflecting infra-red radiation emitted from the lamp units onto the underside of the food. In another embodiment, the support includes a heat transfer medium for absorbing infra-red radiation from the lamp units to produce heat and convey the heat to the underside of the food for browning. The oven may include a source of microwave energy and the support may have a microwave absorbent coating, which produces heat for browning the underside of the food.

Abstract: A passive cooled electronic chassis is used in a computer unit, or a display unit, or an actuator unit, or a like unit. The chassis overcomes the problem of the prior art chassis which has an active cooling system with parts that were difficult to operate, maintain and repair. The passive cooled electronic chassis includes an aluminum core member which has an electrical insulator sheet, a printed wiring board which bears against the electrical insulator sheet and which has a set of electrical components that are wired to the board, a housing which has a center wall that has recesses having potting material for receiving and embedding respective electrical components. The chassis provides a first heat flow path from such component through the printed circuit board and electrical insulator sheet and core member and center wall to exterior fins. The chassis also provides a second heat flow path from such component through the potting material and the center wall to the exterior fins.

Abstract: A handle operated door latching mechanism for moving upper and lower latch members into and out of engagement with a latching surface of an enclosure which becomes distorted by internal gas pressure to pull the latch members away from the latching surface, has one latch member formed longer than the other to permit release of the latching surface by the shorter latch member and limited opening of the door for exhausting the internal gas while the longer latch member remains in engagement with the latching surface to maintain the door substantially closed.

Abstract: An inverse-time relay is disclosed which comprises a voltage dividing circuit for dividing a d.c. voltage proportional to a current value in a line to be protected by a plurality of ratios different from one another thereby to provide a plurality of voltage values, a voltage saturating circuit for saturating each of the divided voltage values at a predetermined value, and a microcomputer for achieving an inverse-time operation employing the plurality of voltage values obtained from the voltage dividing circuit. The microcomputer makes comparison between each of the plurality of the voltage values obtained from the voltage dividing circuit and the saturation voltage as to whether or not the former is smaller than the latter, and, for the divided voltage smaller in magnitude than the saturation voltage, counts the operating time corresponding to that voltage and delivers a decision output when the count has reached the operating time.

Abstract: Solder layers in a semiconductor chip package, which electrically interconnect conductors used to gain electrical access to the electrodes on the semiconductor chip, are subjected to a transverse compressive force in excess of about 2 pounds per square inch. The semiconductor chip package can thereby undergo a marked increase in the number of cycles of heating and cooling before it fails due to increased thermal resistance arising from structural degradation of the solder layers.

Abstract: A pressure switch comprising a housing, a diaphragm that divides the inside of the housing into a pressure chamber and an atmospheric chamber, a switch portion mounted in the atmospheric chamber, and a resilient cap fitted over the housing. A porous filter is held between the housing and the cap. The diaphragm is actuated according to the difference between the pressures inside the chambers. The switch portion consists of a movable contact and a fixed contact, and is connected to terminals.

Abstract: A disconnect (break) contact arrangement has disconnect contact blocks which are arranged between two support bars which are common to the disconnect contact block for one pole of the switchgear. Inner clamping pieces seize projections of the disconnect contact block, while outer clamping pieces serve for fastening a conductor section engaging the disconnect contact blocks. If two or more disconnect contact blocks per terminal of a switchgear are required, these are arranged likewise between two support bars and fastened by appropriately designed clamping pieces. In the space between the support bars, insulating spacers serve as additional support.

Abstract: A method of electrical discharge machining and an electrical discharge machine apparatus therefor, consisting of rotating an electrode about an axis of rotation and simultaneously orbiting the electrode about an orbital axis which is parallel and in transverse spaced relation to its axis of rotation while maintaining the radially outer surface of the electrode in electrical discharge machining relation to a work piece, and, further, moving the electrode radially outwardly in increments.

Abstract: A switching device operated in response to changes in fluid pressure, including a housing supporting a switch conductor and including a movable terminal support which is insertably attached to the housing, the terminal having a contact surface thereon in sliding engagement with an exposed surface of the conductor to maintain electrical continuity even while there is relative insertive movement between the housing and support member.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring the concentration of a wide variety of important chemical and biochemical substances is provided which comprises an enzyme based voltametric sensor, and electronic circuitry for conditioning an output signal from the sensor. The instrument includes one or more aqueous oxidase enzymes mechanically coupled to a polarographic cell oxygen detector wherein the concentration of a substance is inferred from measurement of the depletion of oxygen resulting from an oxidation reaction catalyzed by the oxidase enzyme. The electronic circuitry includes current to voltage conversion, nulling an unneeded base current signal, and temperature compensation.

Abstract: A pull-out frame for electric switchgear is provided in the vicinity of its side walls with bolts which serve as pivots or stops of guide rails which can be retrofitted. The guide rails are provided with a keyhole-like opening, the narrower part of which correspond to the diameter of a bolt and the wider part of which correspond to the diameter of the collar of the bolt. The connection of the guide rails to the side walls can be made by shifting the guide rails in the direction of the force of gravity and can be released in the reverse direction. For securing each guide rail in its upright rest position, a latch which extends beyond one leg of the guide rail in fork-fashion is provided which can likewise be retrofitted at the corresponding side wall.

Abstract: An arrangement for a tactile sensing system involved in the determination of object shape, contour, orientation and detection of slip finding one use in real time control of robotically manipulated tools. The sensor uses contact between the object and a gripper upon which the sensor is disposed wherein the object surface forms one plate of the sensing electrode.

Abstract: A heat variation detecting circuit, for use with a heat sensor in a microwave oven, comprises a heat sensor, temperature memorizing registers and control comparators. The temperature sensed by the heat sensor is converted via an A/D converter into a digital signal and is memorized in a present temperature register. A buffer register and a prior temperature register will then compare via at a comparator the present and prior temperatures to give a Reset or Enable signal at the comparator in accordance with coincidence or noncoincidence of the temperatures between the present and the prior temperatures in order to control a temperature error counter. The output of the temperature error counter together with the output of the presetting register controls a comparing unit for producing a signal for control of the Magnetron.

Abstract: An avionic tray adapted to be made in several width and sizes including standard ATR widths is made from aluminum alloy sheet which had beads or corrugations to compensate for decreased overall width of the sheet. Typically, the sheet is made from 0.040" thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, and the beads or corrugations increase the effective apparent thickness of the sheet to the usual tray thickness of 0.063". In a bottom section of the tray the beads run substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the tray, but do not extend to a deformed area where a metering plate is mounted. In side rails of the tray one bead runs parallel with the longitudinal axis, and the rest of the beads are disposed parallel with an edge of the side rail which is itself at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the tray. Jig pins provided in the side rails of the tray comprise extrusions of the material of the side rail which surround punched-out holes in the material.

Abstract: A housing or enclosure, which is particularly suitable for electronic circuits, comprises two housing parts that fit together and interlock. Each housing part is substantially U-shaped in cross-section and has an end cover that covers the total cross-section of the closed housing. The opposing interfacing surfaces of the longitudinal edges of the housing are profiled in the longitudinal direction, enabling the two housing parts to be fitted together in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the housing, and at the same time serving as guiding rails to allow the housing parts to slide against one another in the longitudinal direction of the housing. This housing construction permits the housing to be assembled easily and permits the length of the housing to be varied in a simple manner.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes an advancing circuit, such as a tractor, disposed on a first side of a printing head for feeding recording material. The printing apparatus has an improved tension circuit for providing adequate tension to the recording material in order to eliminate slack in the recording material, particularly during a manual feeding operation. Tension is provided by a motor driven driving roller which is disposed on a second side of the printing head opposite the first side. The driving roller is rotated in a direction in which tension is to be provided to the printing material by a tension motor. A rotary encoder, for example, is fixed to a rotating portion of the motor for driving a tractor which advances the recording material. The rotary encoder outputs position pulse signals indicating the displacement of the advancement elements. The tension motor is driven in response to the position pulse signals by a position feedback control operation performed by a control circuit.

Abstract: A component assembly is provided comprising a housing having connector means extending externally thereof, locating means mounted in the housing, a plurality of components located by said locating means, the components being connected to one another and to said external connector means, and a heat sink material comprising a particulate microcrystalline material such as diamond and a filler material such as a fluorocarbon or paraffin, said heat sink material filling said housing and being in heat transfer relation to said components.

Abstract: The circuit breaker displays a commutation device (4) and a semiconductor valve arrangement (6) which is connected in parallel with the commutation device (4), an isolating switching point (5) connected in series with the semiconductor valve arrangement (6) and a control circuit (11). The control circuit detects the polarity of the current to be disconnected and, together with a switching-off command (24), emits a response command to the commutation device (4) when the detected current flows in the direction of conduction of the semiconductor valve arrangement (6). When the current to be disconnected is interrupted in the semiconductor valve arrangement (6) after the commutation device (4) has responded, the control circuit (11) emits a release command to the isolating switching point (5) forming an isolating gap. As a result, the semiconductor valve arrangement (6) is isolated and the switching-off process is terminated.

Abstract: A low voltage reset circuit includes a first transistor having a base connected to a voltage divider and an emitter connected to the junction of a resistor-diode arrangement such that when the supply voltage falls to a trigger voltage level, the transistor is driven conductive. A second transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor and is driven conductive therewith for applying a reset voltage to the reset terminal of a microprocessor. The collector of the second transistor is returned through a resistor to the base of said first transistor to provide positive feedback such that the first transistor is maintained in conduction until the supply voltage rises above the trigger voltage level.

Abstract: Each phase circuit comprises a static switch of the IGT or GTO type, between the anode and the cathode of which there is arranged in parallel a series mounting of a CTP resistance and of a normally open switch which is closed when a current detector detects a short abnormal intensity lower than six times the rated current; said static switch is locked either immediately when the rate is higher than six, or with a short delay on the contrary. Said device is particularly convenient to be used in industrial installations where it is desired to replace the associations of contactors, thermal relay and circuit breaker by static apparatuses.