Abstract: A polyphase composition for the storage of heat or cold utilizing the latent heat of fusion of a salt hydrate continuous phase intimately intermixed with a hydrated hydraulic cement continuous phase and wherein said continuous phases are optionally in contact with a discontinuous crystalline phase comprising a nucleating component and wherein the composition is enveloped, contained, or packaged within a vapor impermeable material.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for removing deposits containing iron sulfide from surfaces with minimal hydrogen sulfide evolution. A composition comprised of a basic aqueous solution of a chelating agent selected from the group consisting of citric acid, oxalic acid, alkylene polyamine polyacetic acids and mixtures of such chelating agents having a pH in the range of from about 8 to about 10 is brought into contact with the deposits for a period of time sufficient for the deposits to be dissolved therein.

Abstract: Detergent compositions exhibiting superior detergency in cool or cold water fabric laundering operations comprise an amine oxide surfactant, an ethoxylated alcohol or ethoxylated alkyl phenol nonionic surfactant, and a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene oxide condensation product having a molecular weight in the range of from about 2,000 to 40,000. The compositions preferably contain detergent builder materials, especially alkali metal silicates. Also described are cool or cold water laundering processes utilizing the compositions.

Abstract: Dielectric fluids are disclosed which comprise about 20 to 95% of a non-halogenated organic ester which is liquid between -20.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. and which has a dissipation factor of less than about 10% at 100.degree. C., and about 5% to 80% of a non-halogenated, aromatic hydrocarbon or ether, which is soluble in the ester, has 1 to 2 rings, and has a dissipation factor of less than about 10% at 100.degree. C. The preferred dielectric fluid is about 75 to 90% diisononyl phthalate and about 10 to 25% diphenyl oxide. An anti-oxidant and/or an additive to resist the effects of corona (partial discharges) are preferably included in the dielectric fluid. A capacitor containing a paper, film, or composite of these, impregnated with the dielectric fluid, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A relatively low-cost dielectric gas mixture including a halogenated hydrocarbon such as CC1.sub.2 F.sub.2, subject to carbonization in the presence of an electrical discharge, and a minor portion of CF.sub.3 NO.sub.2 or CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2 F which suppresses carbonization of the halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The thermal energy storage material comprises at least one hydrated compound (such as an inorganic salt) having a reversible transition to the anhydrous or a less hydrated form and a hydrogel, comprising a water-swollen cross-linked polymer formed by cross-linking a synthetic hydrophilic polymer by a covalent cross-linking mechanism, throughout which the compound is dispersed. The hydrogel is made by reacting a water-soluble or water-dispersible synthetic hydrophilic polymer, which is preferably linear and thermoplastic, with a cross-linking agent therefor in an aqueous medium containing the hydrated compound. The hydrophilic polymer, the aqueous medium and the hydrated compound are used in such amounts that the storage material contains a major proportion, by weight, of the hydrated compound and a minor proportion, by weight, of the cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: An injectable thixotropic material for use as insulating material, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of 250-1500 parts by weight of water, 5-70 parts by weight of binder, 1-10 parts by weight anionic or cationic wetting agent, 10-100 parts by weight of mineral wool, 30-300 parts by weight of expanded vermiculite, optionally 1-10 parts by weight of ammonia, and optionally a difficulty fusible ballast material.

Abstract: Short chain carbamoyl derivatives of long chain aliphatic amines, wherein the amino nitrogen is attached to a non-terminal methylene group, useful as non-yellowing softening and antistatic agents for laundered fabrics, detergent compositions containing an effective softening and antistatic amount of said carbamoyl derivative and a method of softening and protecting fabrics against acquiring static electricity by contacting fabrics with said composition during laundering. These compounds provide softening and antistatic protection without reducing optical brightener performance and detergency performance of the detergent composition.

Abstract: A work medium for use in an absorption heat pump consists of a solution of a chlorofluoroalkane in a substituted amino phosphorus oxide. With such a work medium it is possible for an absorption heat pump to absorb heat at -20.degree. C. and to give up heat at 70.degree. C.

Abstract: A reversible liquid solid phase change composition comprising hydrated CaCl.sub.2, and one of the group of BaI.sub.2, BaSO.sub.4, and/or BaO, added to the composition in an effective amount to suppress supercooling of the CaCl.sub.2 liquid phase.

Abstract: This invention concerns the use of certain polycarboxylic acids and their esters as biodegradable detergents and detergent builders in the laundering of soiled fabrics.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a lavatory cleansing tablet for immersion in the cistern of a lavatory comprises forming a free-flowing particulate mixture consisting essentially of:(a) from 5 to 90% by weight of a surface active component comprising one or more organic surface active agents, especially anionic or nonionic surface active agents;(b) from 0.

Abstract: An agent for surface treatment and cleaning of objects, in particular records, video or sound heads, tape paths in tape recorders or pickup styli, containing in a dissolved or emulsified form from 0.001 to 1.2% by weight of natural or synthetic wax or wax-like substance, from 0.001 to 2.5% by weight of fluid silicone oil with lubricating activity, from 0.001 to 2.5% by weight of surface-active polysiloxane copolymer, from 0.001 to 1.2% by weight of fluorinated organic surface-active compound, and from 0.001 to 2.5% by weight of nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: The average size of Glauber's salt crystals formed by crystallization of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 from aqueous solution in systems comprising Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, H.sub.2 O and Glauber's salt is decreased by including a fluorine-containing surfactant in the system.

Abstract: Detergent bars and liquids/pastes for topical application are given moisturizing properties by the use of materials selected from dicarboxylic acids and their salts, hydroxy acids and their salts and amino acids and their salts. Examples are adipic acid, maleic acid and glycine; in the bars these moisturizing components are usually present at a level of above 20%.

Abstract: Encapsulation of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 particles by Glauber's salt crystals formed by crystallization of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 from aqueous solution in systems comprising Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, H.sub.2 O and Glauber's salt is decreased by including ethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the system.

Abstract: Dry blended carbonate or phosphate-based laundry detergents are prepared by adding to unhydrated or partially hydrated builder salts, a pH buffering compound and a detergent active compound, together with other formulating agents, coarse, hydrous granular water soluble silicate particles, the silicate particles passing a 10 mesh screen and about 95% of the particles are retained on a 100 mesh screen, according to the disclosed method. Dry blended laundry detergents so formulated are substantially completely free of insoluble product lumps when used in cold wash water in the temperature range of 35.degree.-75.degree. F.

Abstract: A low density spray dried product such as a detergent having a central body in the form of an irregular-shaped bead with a plurality of nodules or arms extending in a cruciform manner outwardly thereof.

Abstract: A non-bleeding thixotropic thermally conductive material finding particular use for enhancing the cooling ability of electrical components which comprises a silicone liquid carrier, a thermal filler powder of lamellar or dendritic shape and silica fibers.

Abstract: Liquid mulls having improved physical stability, consisting of a liquid phase and a dispersed solid phase. The liquid phase contains a major proportion of a nonionic surfactant and optionally contains a minor proportion of a nonaqueous solvent. The dispersed solid phase is a particulate material which is insoluble in the liquid phase of the mull. The inclusion of chain structure type clays in the composition unexpectedly aids the physical stability of the mull, so insoluble particulate materials such as builders having ordinary particle sizes may be incorporated in the compositions. Preferred compositions are substantially anhydrous to allow the optional inclusion of water sensitive detergency adjuvants, such as enzymes or bleaches, in the compositions. The compositions may optionally contain 0% to 25% of a further dispersion aid selected from anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants and hydrotropic materials. Such mulls have utility, for example, as detergent compositions.