Abstract: The free radical hydrobromination reaction of an olefinic compound is initiated photochemically by irradiating a mixture of hydrogen bromide and the olefinic compound with coherent light having a wavelength in the range from about 335 to about 500 nm.

Abstract: Metallic surfaces, especially of ferrous metals, are coated by passing an electric current at a voltage of at least 15 V between the metallic surface as anode and a cathode in contact with a composition comprising(A) an epoxide resin, and(B) a salt of formula ##STR1## where A.sup.y+ denotes a cation which is a metal, a metal complex an organometallic, a heterocycle, a sulphoxonium, ammonium, a substituted ammonium or a phosphonium ion,y denotes 1, 2, or 3,Z.sup.- denotes an anion selected from perchlorate, trifluoromethane sulphonate pentafluorohydroxoantimonate, and the complex anions of formula MQ.sub.d.sup.-,M represents a boron, phosphorus, antimony or arsenic atomQ represents a halogen atom, andd is 4 or 6 and is one more than the valency of M, whereby polymerized epoxide resin is deposited on the metallic surface.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of dichlorohydrin by the reaction of allyl chloride, water and chlorine in a reaction zone comprising a first reaction stage, a final reaction stage and optionally at least one intermediate reaction stage, where the reaction mixture from at least one reaction stage is electrodialyzed in at least one electrodialysis zone to remove ions formed during the reaction, whereas at least a portion of the reaction product from said final reaction stage is passed to the concentrate inlet of said at least one electrodialysis zone, and withdrawing an ion-containing reaction product concentrate stream from said electrodialysis zone, whereby any dichlorohydrin which passes into the concentrate stream in said at least one electrodialysis zone may be recovered.

Abstract: Processes for producing hydrogen gas from water using gamma-rays, X-rays or ultraviolet radiation as the energy source, and aqueous compositions used in said processes. Said aqueous composition comprises at least one photoexcitable reagent which absorbs light to donate an electron and produce hydrogen. The composition also contains at least one reagent selected from the group consisting of chain reaction agents which are free radical formers, and spectral sensitizers, and preferably at least one reagent of each of these two types. The composition also preferably contains a dispersing agent.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method of synthesizing ternary phosphide compos of the general formula M(II)M(IV)P.sub.2 by fused salt electrolysis in which a melt powder mixture containing phosphorus compounds is introduced into an electrolytic apparatus containing a liquid group II metal cathode and a group IV metal or semiconductor source. Electrolysis occurs under controlled conditions in which oxygen is excluded as an impurity to produce the desired ternary phosphide compounds.

Abstract: A sputtering process for efficiently preparing amorphous semiconducting films having a reduced number of localized states is disclosed. In particular, hydrogenated semiconductor films free of polyhydrides may be prepared according to the inventive process. In one application of the process, a silicon target is simultaneously bombarded by separate beams of relatively heavy sputtering ions, such as argon ions, effective in sputtering the target at relatively high rates, and by ions of a substance effective in passivating localized states in amorphous semiconducting films, such as hydrogen ions. The products of this sputtering process are collected on remotely located substrates to form a passivated amorphous semiconductor film. In another application of the process, a target composed of a semiconductor alloy is used with separate sputtering and passivating ion beams directed at the target to deposit a passivated compound semiconductor film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating bare, sheared edges of the pouring or drinking outlets stamped out in metal lids for beverage cans. In the process, modified lacquers are deposited electrophoretically on the bare, non-insulated sheared regions of the lid.

Abstract: A process for the reductive deposition of polyoxometallate complexes on supports. The process includes the steps of forming a solution of at least one polyoxometallate compound in a solvent, said compound having the formula A.sub.a (L.sub.l M.sub.m J.sub.z O.sub.y), adding a quantity of a support material having electronic conductivity to the solution, charging the solution containing the support material to an electrolytic cell in contact with the cathode thereof, the cell having a separate compartment for the anode, passing a current of from about 0.1 to about 500 mA/cm.sup.2 of electrode area through the cell whereby the support material receives a deposit of a polyoxometallate wherein the average oxidation state of the metals therein has been reduced to a valence greater than zero and, thereafter separating and recovering the support material carrying the reduced metallate complex.

Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of phosphinate salts or bis(alkyl) phosphinate salts by the reaction of an olefinic material with a hypophosphite salt by means of irradiation with UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the decomposition of an halogenated organic compound is described which comprises reacting the compound with a reagent which consists of (a) at least one member which is a polyethyleneglycol, Nixolen.RTM., an alcohol or a polyhydroxy compound, (b) a base, and (c) an oxidizing agent or a source of radicals, in the absence of oxygen. The method is applicable to the decontamination of mineral oils and soil contaminated with polychlorobiphenyls, polychlorodibenzofurans, polychlorodibenzodioxins, DDT and other halogenated organic compounds.The different possible formulations of such reagents allow the preparation of stable reactive mixture, which can be either liquid or solid; the liquid reagents are particularly suitable for the decontamination of porous surfaces such as cement, sandstone, asphalt and for the decontamination of parts of plants contaminated by PCBs.The use of microwaves during the decontamination process proved to be particularly advantageous.

Abstract: A process for producing a water glass-based material and the inorganic material itself is disclosed. The process involves providing an amount of water glass and causing a solid content of the water glass to react with a coagulant. The reaction is created in one of three possible general ways. Firstly, the water glass and coagulant can be reacted by heating the mixture to a temperature in the range of 80.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. Secondary, the water glass and coagulant can be reacted by providing an alkaline substance in combination with them. Thirdly, the water glass and coagulant can be reacted by providing the coagulant in the form of porous particles which include polyvalent ions capable of coagulating the water glass. All three methods of reacting the coagulant and water glass can include one or more heating steps. The material produced is particularly resistant to heat, water and the combination of heat and water.

Abstract: In solvent de-waxing of lube oil, a stream (3) of chilled waxy oil and solvent is introduced into a centrifugal separation device (2) which separates a quantity of wax from the waxy oil and solvent. The dewaxed oil (DWO) and solvent leaving the centrifuge (2) contains a small proportion of wax fines. By introducing free excess charge which is net unipolar into the stream (3), for example by injecting the charge into a stream (9) of cold solvent introduced into stream (3), enhanced deposit of wax on the centrifuge bowl is achieved, thereby substantially removing the wax fines from the dewaxed oil (DWO) and solvent. Alternatively, a bead separator (22), itself employing charge injection with a charge injection (26) for enhanced wax separation, is used for substantially removing the wax fines in the dewaxed oil and solvent from the centrifugal separation device (2).

Abstract: A protective film having a very low coefficient of friction, a good wear resistance, a good adhesion, and prolonged lubricating and moisture-resistant properties is formed on a substrate by sputtering of a target consisting of at least one of organic polymers and at least one of boron compounds.

Abstract: In order to separate wax from lubricating oil, it is necessary both to introduce free excess charge which is net positive or net negative into the wax-laden oil, preferably by charge injection, and to reduce the solubility for the wax (for example by cooling the lubricating oil) sufficiently so that dissolved wax forms a dispersion of wax particles and crystals in the oil. The resulting electrophoretic effect results in wax particle agglomeration and particle size growth in the oil itself and/or on collector surfaces in contact with the charged oil. The charge injection and the wax solubility reduction such as by cooling can occur simultaneously, or one before the other in either order. Cooling can conveniently be effected wholly or in part by mixing with the oil an auto-refrigerant liquid which vaporizes to reduce the oil temperature. Ideally the auto-refrigerant liquid additionally has oil solvent properties, propane being an example of a suitable such liquid additive.

Abstract: Praseodymium oxide is electrolyzed, at temperatures at or above the melting point of praseodymium metal, in a molten electrolyte initially consisting essentially of lithium fluoride and praseodymium fluoride. Improved current efficiency is obtained when the weight ratio of lithium fluoride to praseodymium fluoride in the electrolyte is about 0.1 to about 0.4.

Abstract: An osmotic device is disclosed for delivering a drug to the colon. The device comprises a laminated wall surrounding a compartment containing a drug with a passageway through the wall for dispensing the drug from the device. The laminated wall comprises three laminae, an inner semipermeable lamina, a middle lamina containing a salt of a fatty acid and an outer enteric lamina.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for metal plating fibers in which an array of tensioning rollers and contact rollers insure a direct tight path for the fiber and facilitate rapid replacement of the contact rollers when necessary.

Abstract: A cathodic electrocoating paint composition that yields solvent-resistance films is shown. The paint binder consists essentially of:(a) synthetic cation-active latex and resinous pigment dispersant that is crosslinkable therewith, with the proviso that when said dispersant is substantially in excess of about 15% of said latex, an external crosslinker is present that will crosslink upon curing with at least said dispersant; or(b) synthetic cation-active latex and resinous pigment dispersant that is not crosslinkable therewith and external crosslinker that will crosslink with both said latex and said dispersant.

Abstract: In order to separate wax particles and/or water droplets from lubricating oil, free excess electric charge which is net positive or net negative is introduced into the wax/water-laden oil, preferably by charge injection. Wax particle/water droplet agglomeration and particle/droplet size growth within the oil mixture due to the electrophoretic effect arising from the electric charge introduction is allowed to occur. In this way, wax particles or water droplets normally considered to be of insufficient size to be separated effectively by filtration can be removed by filtration if the lube oil is electrically pretreated as described. The filtration, conveniently, can be effected by passing the oil mixture containing the grown wax particles/water droplets through a bed of collector beads of low electrical conductivity or through a settler or, in the case of the wax, through a filter screen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the sex of mammalian offspring by separation of the X-chromosome female producing sperm and Y-chromosome male producing sperm according to their different characteristics of density of the respective cells and electric potential on the respective cell surfaces. Separation is accomplished by first producing at thermal convection counter stream within a sedimentation column containing a universal medium with sperm suspended therein and allowing the two sperm populations to settle into different fractions according to different densities. Subsequently, the fractions are further separated and concentrated utilizing convection galvanization. The positive and negative geotaxis applied to the sperm during thermal convection sedimentation in combination with galvanic forces applied during the convection galvanization facilitate a more efficient separation than previously obtained.