Abstract: This invention relates to an improved apparatus for preparing alkylated urea or melamine formaldehyde resins from alcohols having a boiling point higher than water, which apparatus permits the return of substantially dry alcohol from the water distillation system to the reactor.The apparatus comprises a reactor connected to a fractionating column, having a rectifying section above a stripping section, at the junction of the rectifying section and the stripping section; a reboiler at the bottom of the fractionating column, which returns substantially dry alcohol to the reactor; a condenser which condenses the alcohol-water vapor mixture exiting the rectifying section of the column; and a separator device which separates the condensed mixture into an alcohol phase and a water phase, and from which the alcohol phase is returned to the top portion of the column.Use of the apparatus of the invention results in a substantial reduction in reaction times.

Abstract: An injection assembly for introducing a plurality of laterally spaced sprays of a normally liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into the cracking zone of a carbon black furnace.

Abstract: A pellet casing is formed with concave louvers which cause volume reducing inward flexing of the casing when heated, and simultaneously provide low gas flow resistance therethrough.

Abstract: A reaction vessel for continuously producing an aromatic carboxylic acid sparingly soluble in a solvent by liquid-phase oxidizing a corresponding alkyl aromatic compound with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent and an oxidation catalyst. The adhesion of the aromatic carboxylic acid on the inside wall of the reaction vessel at the interface between the vapor-phase portion and the liquid-phase portion is prevented by locating in the reaction vessel a means such as a porous annular pipe for spraying onto the inside wall of the reaction vessel above the level of the reaction liquid a part of a solvent-catalyst mixture supplied continuously to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus for regeneration of spent, coke contaminated fluidized cracking catalyst by burning coke therefrom with a molecular oxygen containing regeneration gas in a fluidized dense phase bed, and for burning substantially all carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Means are provided for transferring heat from the top of said regeneration apparatus to the bottom, employing catalyst as the transfer medium. Additionally, means are provided for maintaining a homogeneous fluidized dense phase bed of catalyst undergoing regeneration.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating raw material comprises a mixing chamber having fuel and air inlets for admitting therein fuel and air which are mixed to produce a combustible mixture. A combustion chamber receives the combustible mixture and burns the same to evolve hot products of combustion which are fed directly into an adjoining conditioning chamber. Additional gas is supplied to the conditioning chamber and mixed with the products of combustion to form a conditioned treating gas having a prescribed temperature and composition. To promote rapid and uniform mixing of the gases and hence form a uniform treating gas, the conditioning chamber is connected directly to and has a volume one and one-half to six times greater than that of the combustion chamber. A treating chamber disposed downstream from the conditioning chamber receives both the preconditioned treating gas and the raw material to be treated and the raw material is acted thereon by the treating gas while temporarily stored in the treating chamber.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion-catalyst regeneration riser means system with interconnecting standpipes is described which relies upon catalyst separating and collecting vessels about the upper end of each riser means, means for contacting collected catalyst with gaseous material, standpipe means for passing collected catalyst in each vessel means to the lower portion of each riser means opposite from that from which obtained, a standpipe for passing collected regenerated catalyst directly to a lower bottom portion of said regeneration riser means and another standpipe for passing collected regenerated catalyst into the standpipe passing spent catalyst to the lower portion of the regeneration riser.

Abstract: A fluid-wall reactor for high temperature chemical reactions comprising (A) a porous reactor tube, at least a portion of the interior of which defines a reaction zone, the tube being made of an electrically resistive, porous refractory material; (B) a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor tube to define an inert fluid plenum, the pressure vessel having at least one inlet for admitting the inert fluid which is directed under pressure through the porous tube wall to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the reactor tube; (C) means for introducing at least one reactant into the reaction zone, the reactants being directed in a predetermined path axially of the reactor tube and being confined by the protective blanket substantially centrally within the reaction zone; (D) means for passing an electric current through the reactor tube for heating the reactor tube to the temperature level at which it emits sufficient radiant energy to initiate and sustain the desired chemical reaction, the radiant en

Abstract: A system for disposing of radioactive waste material from nuclear reactors by solidifying the liquid components to produce an encapsulated mass adapted for disposal by burial. The method contemplates mixing of radioactive waste materials, with or without contained solids, with a setting agent capable of solidifying the waste liquids into a free standing hardened mass, placing the resulting liquid mixture in a container with a proportionate amount of a curing agent to effect solidification under controlled conditions, and thereafter burying the container and contained solidified mixture. The setting agent is a water-extendable polymer consisting of a suspension of partially polymerized particles of urea formaldehyde in water, and the curing agent is sodium bisulfate.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a sublimation product from a gas which contains this product in the form of vapor, comprising an elongate substantially horizontal casing having a gas inlet near one end and a gas outlet near the other end so that gas flows longitudinally through the casing; heat exchange means cooperating with the exterior of the wall of the casing for cooling said wall below the sublimation temperature during the subliming process, means for assuring that an open channel for gas flow is maintained during the subliming process, said means comprising at least one permanently heated, elongate, rod-shaped element fitted eccentrically in the casing, said element extending in the same direction as the casing and being placed in the upper part of the casing, said heating element being manufactured of a material having good heat-conducting properties and projecting into the casing through a wall portion over part of the length of the heating element so that heat can be supplied thereto from outside the casi

Abstract: A regenerative-filter-incinerator device, for use in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of the diesel type, includes a drum-like regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly rotatably mounted within a housing that is adapted to be installed directly in the exhaust gas stream discharged from a diesel engine as close to the engine as possible, the regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly provides an inner chamber which serves as a reaction chamber for the secondary combustion of exhaust gases including particulates discharged from the engine. The regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly includes a plurality of separately rotatable heat exchange-filter elements pervious to radial flow of fluid therethrough and adapted to filter out particulates from the exhaust gases and to carry them into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A mixing device for mixing together multi-component plastics materials, for example polyurethane, comprises a mixing chamber into which supply ducts for the components lead and in which a piston is reciprocable between a retracted position in which the supply ducts are in communication with the mixing chamber and a forward position in which the supply ducts are shut off from the mixing chamber. The piston is provided with an axial bore through it connected to a supply of air under pressure to enable air to be supplied into the mixing chamber together with the components for producing plastic foam such as foamed polyurethane.

Abstract: A modified rotary kiln suitable for calcining normally solid carbonaceous material, having adapted thereto at one end a firing crown and means for admitting combustible gases or liquids and air; a feeding means for such solid carbonaceous material to be calcined adapted to the other end of the kiln; and wherein the combustion gases and solid materials travel countercurrently in the kiln during calcination, wherein: at least one series of at least two tuyeres passes through the wall of the kiln symmetrically spaced to and at about a point longitudinally in the middle one-half of the longitudinal axis of the kiln; each tuyere terminating within the kiln through a nozzle on the side of the tuyere at a height sufficient for the discharge of exterior oxidizing gases passing therethrough at a point above the bed of the carbonaceous material in the kiln, directing the exterior oxidizing gases toward the feed end at about the same acute angular direction from a line passing through the nozzle and parallel to the long

Abstract: A pellet holding casing disposed in a container is formed at its wall sections with a plurality of louvers that extend outwardly away from the casing. Each of the louvers is formed with at least one channel shaped corrugation in substantially the top portion thereof for providing the converter with improved characteristics with respect to flow resistance and thermal expansion.

Abstract: A method of producing form coke that is coke having pieces of substantially identical form using a heated shaft furnace comprises mixing fine coke with a caking coal and pressing the mixture at temperatures at which the mixture is plastic in order to form briquettes. The briquettes are permitted to harden and degasify and thereafter they are exposed to a high temperature after hardening for example to a temperature of from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C from 60 to 120 minutes. Thereafter the briquettes are cooled. A first mixing substance is prepared by permitting a fine coal to fall in a non-compressed stream in the shaft furnace while heat is transferred thereto substantially by radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises (a) a fluid-tightly closeable materials-treating or reaction chamber with at least its body portion substantially completely enclosed by a temperature-control fluid chamber provided by its being surrounded by a temperature-control fluid jacket, (b) means to rotate the jacketed chamber end over end about an axis substantially normally transverse to its central axis, (c) divider-baffling means dividing its temperature-control fluid chamber into a plurality of, such as four, substantially similar and independent control-fluid compartments or quadrants, (d) temperature-control fluid ingress means which enable feeding temperature-control fluid into such quadrant while the reactor is rotating, (e) means in each compartment or quadrant to affect the flow of fluids through it to provide substantially uniform overall heat transfer from each of them; and (f) fluid egress means to enable discharging heat-control fluid from these compartments during the rotation.

Abstract: Combination muffler and catalytic converter utilizes an axial flow monolithic catalytic element to treat exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and partially reduce their sound. A perforated chamber around the catalytic element, a downstream perforated tube, and an upstream flow reversal chamber further reduce the sound. The device incorporates a venturi in the exhaust gas inlet path to add secondary air. Gas swirling and gas flow reversal structure is also provided to thoroughly mix the secondary air with the exhaust gases before the mixture is passed through a flow distribution plate and into contact with the catalytic element.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out various methods of material incineration includes an elongated combustion chamber housing a continuous conveyor belt supported beneath infrared heating units, air flow means to the combustion chamber and to the heating units to supply needed oxygen for cooling the heating units, a gas discharge system connected with the inlet end of the combustion chamber for counterflow of combustion gases, means for discharging the treated material at the end of the combustion chamber, and means for feeding the material to be treated into the combustion chamber. In a specific form of the system for sewage sludge treatment, the feed system includes means for grinding the sewage sludge and for pre-heating it to drive off moisture and fragment the particles.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing carbon black in which a first reactant mass is formed and thoroughly mixed and passed axially through the reactor, a second mass of hot combustion gases being passed helically to the axially flowing mass.

Abstract: Apparatus for copolymerizing at least two gaseous monomers to form block copolymers or gradient copolymers comprising a closed reactor for receiving the monomers and subjecting them to copolymerizing conditions, at least three feed tanks for containing the monomers under pressure, a first feed manifold connecting one end of each feed tank to the reactor, first valve means in the first manifold for controlling flow therein between the first and second feed tank, between the second and third feed tank and between the feed tanks and the reactor, a second feed manifold connecting the other end of each feed tank to the reactor, and second valve means in the second manifold for controlling flow from each feed tank into the second manifold.