Abstract: A high repetition rate, compact, modular gas discharge, ultraviolet laser. The laser is useful as a light source for very rapid inspections of wafers in an integrated circuit fabrication process. It is also useful for reticle writing at very rapid rates. A preferred embodiment operates at pulse repetition rates of 1000 to 4000 Hz and is designed for round-the-clock production line operation. This preferred embodiment comprises a pulse control unit which controls the timing of pulses to an accuracy of less than 4 nanoseconds. Preferred embodiments of this gas discharge laser can be configured to operate with a KrF gas mixture, an ArF gas mixture or an F2 gas mixture, each with an approximate buffer gas, producing 248 nm, 197 nm or 157 nm ultraviolet light pulses.

Abstract: An inductor circuit includes a magnetic interface generator that generates a magnetic interface at a center frequency f0. The magnetic interface generator is a passive array of spirals that are deposited on one layer of a multi-layer substrate. The magnetic interface is generated in a plane at a distance Z above the surface of the substrate layer that it is printed on, where the antenna is printed on a second layer of the multi-layer substrate. The distance Z where the magnetic interface is created is determined by the cell size of the spiral array, where the cell size is based on the spiral arm length and the spacing S between the spirals. The center frequency of the magnetic interface is determined by the average track length DAV of the spirals in the spiral array. The spacing S of the spiral array is chosen to project the magnetic interface to the second layer in the multi-layer substrate so as to effect performance of an inductor that printed on the second layer.

Abstract: An electro-optical switch includes an optical assembly arranged to transmit laser-radiation. The optical assembly comprises an active optical crystal. On one of two opposite surfaces of the crystal is an optical window formed from a material having a refractive index lower than the material of the crystal. Heat deposited, as a result of transmission of the laser-radiation, at the surface of the crystal in contact with the widow is transferred to the window, thereby reducing the potential for optical damage to the crystal surface. The window is sufficiently thick that it has an odd integer multiple of quarter-wavelengths optical thickness at a wavelength about equal to a wavelength of the laser-radiation, thereby behaving as an antireflection device for the crystal at that wavelength. In one embodiment of the optical assembly, the active optical crystal is a cadmium telluride crystal and the window is formed from cesium bromide.

Abstract: A multilaser device has a first laser chip and a second laser chip produced from one and the same wafer lot, a common back beam sensor for receiving a first back beam and a second back beam emitted from the first laser chip and the second laser chip, respectively, and a package containing the first laser chip, the second laser chip and the back beam sensor.

Abstract: An optoelectronic transducer comprises a unipolar, intraband active region and a micro-cavity resonator. The resonator includes a 2D array of essentially equally spaced regions that exhibits resonant modes. Each of the spaced regions has a depth that extends through the active region and has an average refractive index that is different from that of the active region. The refractive index contrast, the spacing of the spaced regions, and the dimensions of the spaced regions are mutually adapted so that the array acts as a micro-cavity resonator and so that at least one frequency of the resonant modes of the array falls within the spectrum of an optoelectronic parameter of the active region (i.e., the gain spectrum where the transducer is a laser; the absorption spectrum where the transducer is a photodetector). In a first embodiment, the transducer is an ISB laser, whereas in a second embodiment it is a unipolar, intraband photodetector.

Abstract: An Rf device (100) that comprises unique MEMS RF transmission and circuit components (104–106) that are integrated together on a semiconductor chip (101) to form the RF device (100). These MEMS components (104–106) are monolithically formed on the chip (101) and are also reconfigurable on the chip (101).

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal comprises a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first antenna element is arranged over the surface of the circuit substrate contained in the terminal cabinet, the surface being located remotest from the ear of the speaker on the phone. The second antenna element is arranged over the remotest surface and adapted to be pulled in the inside of the terminal cabinet or extended from the terminal cabinet, the second antenna element being electromagnetically coupled with one of the ends of the first antenna element in a state of being extended from the terminal cabinet.

Abstract: A technique for bandwidth control of an electric discharge laser. Line narrowing equipment is provided having at least one piezoelectric drive and a fast bandwidth detection means and a bandwidth control having a time response of less than about 1.0 millisecond. In a preferred embodiment wavelength tuning mirror is dithered at dither rates of more than 500 dithers per second within a very narrow range of pivot angles to cause a dither in nominal wavelength values to produce a desired effective bandwidth of series of laser pulses.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor device comprises: an optical semiconductor element; and a circuit. The circuit is connected to the optical semiconductor element and has a series rectifying circuit including a plurality of zener diodes connected in series. The circuit further has a rectifying element whose anode is connected to an anode of the series rectifying circuit.

Abstract: A method for calculating and displaying the isothermal contours of the energy produced by a laser in a sample includes applying a laser beam to the focal point of a sample. The region near the focal point is divided into cylinders coaxial with the beam. The maximum temperature reached during the laser pulse of at least three points at arbitrary distances from the focal point is derived. The temperatures calculated are plotted as a function of distance from the focal point sufficient to generate isothermal contours. A computer display is then generated of the isothermal contours corresponding to the temperature calculations.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser element, enhanced in light output power without decreasing the reliability, has a window structure including window regions wider in bandgap than the emission region of the laser, in which the bandgap of the rear window region is narrower than the bandgap of the front window region.

Abstract: Electric field easing members (corona rings) for easing concentration of electric fields caused at edges of a core are disposed between the core and a winding to form a gap so to allow the presence of a cooling medium (insulating oil) between the top and bottom surfaces of the core and the electric field easing members. Thus, pressboards between the core and the electric field easing members become unnecessary, a wire-wound apparatus can be prevented from having a short service life due to the degradation of the pressboards, and the pressboards can be made to have a long service life because the electric field easing members are not heated by thermal conduction from the core.

Abstract: Based on a received signal y(t) received by a radiating element of an array antenna including the single radiating element and a plurality of parasitic elements, an adaptive controller calculates and sets a reactance value of a variable reactance element for directing a main beam of the array antenna in a direction of a desired wave and directing nulls in directions of interference waves so that a value of an objective function expressed by only the received signal y(t) becomes either one of the maximum and the minimum by using an iterative numerical solution of a nonlinear programming method.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus composed of a light source that emits primary light and a phosphor that absorbs the primary light and emits secondary light offers high brightness, low power consumption, and a long lifetime while minimizing adverse effects on the environment. The phosphor is formed of a III–V group semiconductor in the form of fine-particle crystals each having a volume of 2 800 nm3 or less. The light emitted from the fine-particle crystals depends on their volume, and therefore giving the fine-particle crystals a predetermined volume distribution makes it possible to adjust the wavelength range of the secondary light.

Abstract: An optoelectronic assembly includes a circuit board having a set of signal traces, where one or more of the signal traces has a junction point that integrates a pad of a circuit element. Exemplary circuit elements include a resistor, capacitor, and an inductor. The junction point has a first width and a first thickness, and the one or more signal traces have a second width and a second thickness. The dimensions of the junction point and the dimensions of the one or more signal traces are configured such that the first width and the second width are substantially similar, and that the first thickness and the second thickness are substantially similar. In one embodiment, the first width is no greater than 125% of the second width.

Abstract: A cooling device for an optical amplifier or oscillator has Peltier elements enclosed in a housing with an optical crystal and extract heat from the optical crystal. The housing is sealed and can contain a desiccant for removing moisture and preventing particle deposition. Alternately, the housing can be evacuated with a vacuum to maintain a clean operating environment. The housing holds a Brewster window at a Brewster angle with an inident laser beam to permit passage of the laser beam. The housing also can be arranged on a platform providing liquid cooling.

Abstract: A device by an antenna (1) where the coil conductor (2) of the antenna is wound around a ferrite rod/tube (4), and where one conductor (12) of a connecting cable (10) is electrically coupled to one end portion (2a) of the coil conductor (2) of the antenna (1), and the other conductor (14) of the connecting cable (10) is electrically coupled to a connection point (2b), the connection point (2b) being located on the coil conductor (2), between the two end portions (2a) and (2c) of the coil conductor.

Abstract: A multifilar antenna (200) comprises n spaced antenna filaments, where n is on integer greater than 1; a matching circuit (210) for matching the characteristic impedance of the antenna to that of a transmitting and/or receiving apparatus; a weighting circuit (240) for applying respective gain and phase adjustments to signals passed to or from the n filaments; switch means (310) associated with each filament for selectively altering the electrical length and/or interconnections of the filaments; means for detecting electrical properties of the multifilar antenna with respect to the frequency, polarisation and/or direction of propagation of a signal to be received or transmitted by the multifilar antenna and/or impedance matching of the antenna; and control means (230), responsive to the detective means, for controlling the operation of the matching circuit (210), the weighting circuit (240) and the switch means (310) to adjust the properties of the multifilar antenna (200) to suit better a current signal to be

Abstract: A method for collecting, reprocessing, and recycling chemical species used in the operation of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser system, especially a space-based system, is described. The method primarily includes: (1) collecting an amount of spent basic hydrogen peroxide containing aqueous potassium chloride; (2) converting the aqueous potassium chloride into water, molecular hydrogen, molecular chlorine, and aqueous potassium hydroxide; (3) combining the water and molecular hydrogen with an amount of molecular oxygen from the molecular oxygen source to form aqueous hydrogen peroxide; and (4) mixing the aqueous hydrogen peroxide with the aqueous potassium hydroxide to form basic hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A high-frequency superposing module for driving a laser diode includes an oscillating circuit and an impedance matching circuit. The impedance matching circuit includes a capacitor connected in series between the emitter of a transistor and the terminal through which a laser-diode drive signal is output; and a capacitor connected in parallel between the drive-signal output terminal and the ground. The oscillating circuit includes an inductor serving as a choke coil connected between the drive-signal output terminal and the collector of the transistor, thus allowing the drive-signal output terminal to serve as a power input terminal for the oscillating circuit.