Abstract: The invention relates to iRNA agents, which preferably include a monomer in which the ribose moiety has been replaced by a moiety other than ribose that further includes a tether having one or more linking groups, in which at least one of the linking groups is a cleavable linking group. The tether in turn can be connected to a selected moiety, e.g., a ligand, e.g., a targeting or delivery moiety, or a moiety which alters a physical property. The cleavable linking group is one which is sufficiently stable outside the cell such that it allows targeting of a therapeutically beneficial amount of an iRNA agent (e.g., a single stranded or double stranded iRNA agent), coupled by way of the cleavable linking group to a targeting agent—to targets cells, but which upon entry into a target cell is cleaved to release the iRNA agent from the targeting agent.

Abstract: A method for treating and/or diagnosing pain and the source or type of pain, shock, and/or inflammatory conditions in a subject. A method of using a therapeutically effective amount of a DNA or RNA aptamer that shows high affinity for OLAMs to at least partially treat pain, shock, and/or inflammatory conditions in a subject. The DNA or RNA aptamer that shows high affinity for OLAMs may be coupled to a plasma protein binding compound or a pharmacologically active agent. A method of treating and or diagnosing pain, shock, and/or inflammatory conditions in a subject may include inactivating or preventing at least one linoleic acid metabolite to treat certain conditions (e.g., pain, shock, and/or inflammation) using a DNA or RNA aptamer that shows high affinity for OLAMs.

Abstract: This invention provides a combination of microRNAs for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject, wherein the combination comprises all detectable microRNAs stably existing in the serum/plasma of a subject; and a method for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject, wherein the method includes determining all detectable microRNAs stably existing in the serum/plasma of a subject; and a kit for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject, wherein the kit contains the tools for determining all detectable microRNAs that stably existing in the serum/plasma of a subject; and a biochip for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject, wherein the biochip contains the components for determining all detectable microRNAs stably existing in the serum/plasma of a subject.

Abstract: A modified coxsackievirus showing improved safety and/or aggressiveness to be used for oncolytic virotherapy is provided. A modified coxsackievirus showing tissue-specific suppression of proliferation and comprising a mutated genome consisting of the genome of coxsackievirus B3 wild-type (CVB3-WT) inserted with at least one polynucleotide consisting of a target sequence of tissue-specific microRNA (miRNA) is provided. The mutated genome is preferably further inserted with the region encoding GM-CSF in an expressible form.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for increasing the efficiency of siRNA administrations via pre-administration of an agent that lowers LDL receptor levels.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for miRNA profiling for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of melanoma and differentiation of melanoma from nevi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of detecting and quantifying biomolecules using nucleic acid polymerase activity controlled by the target molecule, and more particularly to a method for detecting or quantifying biomolecules, which can detect and quantify nucleic acids, proteins, small-molecular substances, physiologically active substances (enzymatic activities), etc., with high sensitivity, based on the change in DNA polymerase activity caused by specific binding of a specific nucleic acid that forms a complex with a DNA aptamer prepared so as to comprise a single-stranded DNA that specifically recognizes the specific nucleic acid. The present invention can provide a method for diagnosing biomolecules, which can detect and quantify target nucleic acids, target proteins, target small-molecular substances, target enzyme activities and the like in a label-free and sensitive manner by controlling polymerase activity through target molecule-induced conformational change of a DNA aptamer.

Abstract: Chemiluminesescence is emitted from a reaction between phenylglyoxal derivatives and guanine. This chemiluminescence can be used in CRET for the detection of one or more analytes of interest. Chemical pathways depicting the chemiluminescent reaction and intermediates produced therein are shown, as are novel nanoparticles for use in the present methods and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oligonucleotide which is capable of activating RIG-I and inducing an anti-viral, in particular, an IFN, response in cells expressing RIG-I. The present invention further provides an oligonucleotide which is capable of activating RIG-I and which has target gene-silencing activity. The oligonucleotide of the present invention has a double-stranded section of at least 19, preferably at least 21 bp, at least one 5? triphosphate, and at least one blunt end which bears a 5? triphosphate. The present invention further provides the use said oligonucleotide for inducing an anti-viral, in particular, an IFN, response in vitro and in vivo. The present invention additionally provides the use of said oligonucleotide for preventing and/or treating diseases or conditions such as infections, tumors/cancers, and immune disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oligonucleotide structure and a method for preparing the same and, more particularly, to an oligonucleotide structure in which a polymer compound is linked to an oligonucleotide via a covalent bond to improve in vivo stability of the oligonucleotide and cellular delivery efficiency of the oligonucleotide; and to a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: Lipid conjugates for enhanced delivery of cargo to the lymph nodes are disclosed. The lipid conjugates typically include three domains: a lipophilic domain that binds to albumin, a polar block domain, and a cargo such as a molecular adjuvant or immunostimulatory compound (such as an oligonucleotide) or antigenic peptide. Depending on the cargo, the length and compositions of the polar block can be tailored to push the equilibrium toward albumin binding, stable micelle formation, or cell insertion. The conjugates can be administered to a subject, for example, a subject with cancer or an infection, to induce or enhance a robust immune response in the subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to RNAi agents useful in methods of treating Beta-Catenin-related diseases such as adenomatous polyposis of the colon, colorectal cancer, basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, kidney cancer, Wilms tumors, medulloblastoma, ovarian cancer, adrenocortical tumors, gastric cancer, liver cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancers, prostate cancer, renal cancer, ectopic teeth and taste papillae, skin cancer, pilomatrixoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma, oligodontia, osteoporosis, ageing, degenerative diseases, bedsores, chronic wounds and impaired wound healing, and similar and related diseases, using a therapeutically effective amount of a RNAi agent to Beta-Catenin.

Abstract: The invention relates to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of a miRNA molecule, an equivalent or a source thereof in a disease and condition associated with neo-angiogenesis.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for reducing HIF-1? target RNA and protein levels via use of dsRNAs, e.g., Dicer substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) agents.

Abstract: MicroRNAs are provided for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject; and a kit thereof is provided for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject, wherein the kit contains the tools for determining all detectable microRNAs that stably existing in the serum/plasma of a subject; and a biochip for evaluating the physiological and/or pathological condition of a subject, wherein the biochip contains the components for determining all detectable microRNAs stably existing in the serum/plasma of a subject. The aforementioned combination, method, kit and biochip can be used for diagnosis as well as differentially diagnosis of diseases including various tumors.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for reducing lactate production and increasing polypeptide production in cultured cells. In one aspect, the invention provides a method comprising culturing cells expressing a) a small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and b) an siRNA specific for a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK). In another aspect, the invention provides cultured cells or vectors comprising an siRNA specific for a LDH and an siRNA specific for a PDHK.

Abstract: A method and compound for treating skeletal muscle mass deficiency in a human subject are disclosed. The composition is an oligomer of morpholino subunits and phosphorus-containing intersubunit linkages joining a morpholino nitrogen of one subunit to a 5? exocyclic carbon of an adjacent subunit, contains between 10-40 nucleotide bases, has a base sequence effective to hybridize to an expression-sensitive region of processed or preprocessed human myostatin RNA transcript, identified, in its processed form, by SEQ ID NO: 6, and is capable of uptake by target muscle cells in the subject. In practicing the method, the compound is administered in an amount and at a dosage schedule to produce an overall reduction in the level of serum myostatin measured in the patient, and preferably to bring the myostatin level within the a range determined for normal, healthy individuals.

Abstract: Provided is an RNA interference agent, with which a suppression effect on the off-target effect can be obtained with a simple system. The disclosures relate to an RNA interference agent provided with a single-stranded oligonucleotide passenger strand having one or two or more PAZ domain low-affinity units at the 3?-end.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, having anti-cancer activity. Also provided are methods for diagnosing, detecting, and treating cancer in a subject, as well as a method for evaluating cancer stage in a subject, wherein the methods include determining the amount of a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK) in a sample. Further provided are methods of screening and identifying a compound that inhibits CaMKK.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for treating or preventing a fibrotic disorder or disease.