Abstract: A magnetometer includes a sample signal device; a reference signal device; a microwave field generator operable to apply a microwave field to the sample signal device and the reference signal device; an optical source configured to emit light including light of a first wavelength that interacts optically with the sample signal device and with the reference signal device; at least one photodetector arranged to detect a sample photoluminescence signal including light of a second wavelength emitted from the sample signal device and a reference photoluminescence signal including light of the second wavelength emitted from the reference signal device, in which the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength; and a magnet arranged adjacent to the sample signal device and the reference signal device.

Abstract: A magnetometry apparatus includes an array of magnetometer pixels. Each magnetometer pixel includes an electron spin defect body including a plurality of lattice point defects, and a microwave field transmitter operable to apply a microwave field to the electron spin defect body. The apparatus may also include an optical source configured to emit input light of a first wavelength that excites the plurality of lattice point defects of the electron spin defect bodies from a ground state to an excited state, and a photodetector arranged to receive photoluminescence of a second wavelength emitted from a first electron spin defect body of a first magnetometer pixel of the array of magnetometer pixels. The second wavelength is different from the first wavelength.

Abstract: A method for detecting a magnetic field using an apparatus including a plurality of magnetic field sensitive devices each having at least three terminals and grouped into N groups, with N>1, wherein each group k includes 2k-1 magnetic field sensitive devices, for 1?k?N, wherein the plurality of magnetic field sensitive devices are coupled such that, for 1<k?N, supply currents flowing through two magnetic field sensitive devices in group k flow through one magnetic field sensitive device in group k-1. The method includes providing a supply current independently through each magnetic field sensitive device of group N; tapping an output signal at at least one contact of at least one magnetic field sensitive device of each group k of the N groups; and combining each tapped output signal into an overall output signal representing a measurement of the magnetic field.

Abstract: Systems and method for a multi-array magnetic sensing component, which can include a circuit base platform; a set of magnetic sensors arranged on the circuit base platform; and a circuit system comprising intermediary circuit components, signal input, and a signal output, the signal input being an electrical oscillator signal input and being directable to each magnetic sensor in the set of magnetic sensors, the signal output including magnetic field measurements from the set of magnetic sensors, wherein each magnetic field measurement is individually selectable, the circuit system being configured to turn on or off subsets of the set of magnetic sensors, and the intermediary circuit components including a mixer.

Abstract: A measurement device includes a microwave generator, an electron spin resonance member, and an observation system. The microwave generator is configured to generate a microwave. The microwave is configured for an electron spin quantum operation based on a Rabi oscillation. The microwave generator has a coil configured to emit the microwave and an electrostatic capacitor electrically connected in parallel to the coil. The microwave is irradiated to the electron spin resonance member. The observation system is configured to measure a physical quantity in a measured field in response to a state of the electron spin resonance member when the electron spin resonance member is irradiated by the microwave. The coil has first and second ends from which first and second legs continuously extended. The electrostatic capacitor spans the first and second legs and is electrically connected in parallel to the coil.

Abstract: A system and method for design and operation an acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance (ADFMR) based sensor for measuring electromagnetic fields that includes: a power source providing an electrical signal to an ADFMR circuit, sensitive to electromagnetic fields, wherein the ADFMR circuit comprises an ADFMR device. The system detect and measure external electromagnetic (EM) fields by measuring a perturbation of the electrical signal through the ADFMR circuit due to the EM fields. The system and method may function to facilitate the design and operation of a chip-scale ADFMR device usable to measure EM fields.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for determining impedance of an electrochemical device by electrically connecting a variable impedance in parallel with the electrochemical device; electrically connecting a power supply to the electrochemical device, the power supply generating a power supply current; modulating a current through the variable impedance; measuring a stack current flowing through the electrochemical device; measuring, at the electrochemical device, a voltage across at least a portion of the electrochemical device; and calculating, based on the measured stack current and the measured voltage, the impedance of the electrochemical device. Systems for performing such methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method and a device for performing homonuclear J-coupling spectroscopy on a sample, the method including: a) producing transverse magnetization in the sample by applying an RF excitation pulse at a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency; b) after a delay ?, applying a refocusing pulse to the sample; c) performing a step of, applying another refocusing pulse to the sample after a delay 2?, N times, where N ranges from Nmin to Nmax; d) following a final one of the refocusing pulses, acquiring an NMR signal from the sample; and repeating steps a)-c) for different values of N, adjusting ? so that a total time T=2(N+1)? remains constant, where T is a time between a start of the RF excitation pulse and a center or a start of a final one of the NMR signals.

Abstract: A method of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging includes a phantom that is inexpensive to produce and enables simple, practical and fast assessment of image sharpness, in particular for checking image quality of MR imaging with spiral acquisition. The method includes subjecting a phantom, which comprises a volume filled with a bulk of granules of solid material surrounded by a liquid, to an imaging sequence, acquiring MR signals from the phantom, reconstructing an MR image from the acquired MR signals, and deriving a measure of the local image sharpness in two or more different image regions from the MR image, wherein each image region is a representation of a part of the phantom volume.

Abstract: A method for calculating a magnetic influence factor (MIF) between an atom and a resonant atom of a molecule of a material includes determining a current magnetic field strength at a test location above a quantity of material buried at the test location, transmitting a test signal from an antenna at the test location, the test signal comprising a test fundamental frequency, and detecting, at the test location, a reflected wave comprising the test fundamental frequency on the antenna. The method includes varying the test fundamental frequency while retransmitting the test signal and detecting a reflected wave until reflected waves of various test frequencies are detected and identifying from the detected reflected waves a resonant frequency corresponding to a maximum magnitude of the detected reflected waves. The material includes molecules with a resonant atom and at least one atom different than the resonant atom.

Abstract: Systems for locating hidden utilities including a portable locator and associated portable transmitter are disclosed. The portable locator may include a magnetic field measurement module for determining a current signal in the hidden utility based on a received magnetic field, and a receiver module for receiving data from the portable transmitter. The portable transmitter may include a data transmitter module for wirelessly sending information associated with a current signal provided to the hidden utility to the portable receiver module. The portable receiver may be configured to measure a relative change in magnetic field angles, and determine an amount of cross coupling to adjacent utilities based at least in part on the measured magnetic field angles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting burn-in testing of semiconductors is provided. A semiconductor device under test (DUT) with a plurality of contact pads is placed into a seal carrier. The seal carrier is then placed within a plurality of first inner walls of an outer housing of a burn-in testing apparatus that is fastened to a cold plate through a printed circuit board (PCB). The seal carrier has a plurality of second inner walls that define a recessed cavity. A lid is placed over the seal carrier and fastened to the outer housing to seal the recessed cavity. The recessed cavity is pneumatically pressurized to force the contact pads of the semiconductor DUT into electrical contact with a plurality of resiliently compressible pins of a socket of the PCB. The socket is then energized to conduct a burn-in test of the semiconductor DUT.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a rapid evaluation method for quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil and an application thereof, and particularly relates to a rapid evaluation method for quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil based on radical detection and an application thereof. The method can be used to evaluate the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil by detecting the spin concentration of radicals in lignin char obtained by lignin pyrolysis, thus avoiding the complex processes involved in the evaluation for the quality of conventional pyrolyzed bio-oils such as, extraction, separation and detection and reducing the detection costs substantially. The detection method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, thus achieving the rapid evaluation for the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil.

Abstract: A method is for determining a status of a track section of a railroad. Each end of the track section is connected to a respective detector. One of the two detectors transmits a current along the rails of the track section towards the other detector and receives a current transmitted along the rails of the track section from the other detector. The track section is further equipped with a computer in communication with the two detectors. The computer calculates an instant value of the status of the track section as a function of an instant vector based on a measure of an intensity of the current transmitted by a first of the detectors as measured by the first detector (Txl1), a measure of an intensity of the current received by the first detector as measured by the first detector (Rxl1) and a measure of an intensity of the current transmitted by the second detector as measured by the second detector (Txl2).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for removing caps, such as NMR rotor caps. The apparatuses and methods may permit caps to be removed in a manner that minimizes damage to equipment and instruments. The apparatuses may include a plate defining an aperture, and two screws arranged in the plate, such as a tightening screw and at least one pushing screw.

Abstract: An exemplary wearable sensor unit includes 1) a magnetometer comprising a vapor cell comprising an input window and containing an alkali metal, and a light source configured to output light that passes through the input window and into the vapor cell along a transit path, and 2) a temperature control circuit external to the vapor cell and configured to create a temperature gradient within the vapor cell, the temperature gradient configured to concentrate the alkali metal within the vapor cell away from the transit path of the light.

Abstract: A method for determining the degree of cure in forages using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. An NMR instrument is used to determine the amount of bound moisture (typically called stem moisture) and free moisture (typically called dew moisture) the degree of which can be used to determine how cured the forage is. This method represents an improvement on the traditional ways of determining how cured a forage is. The traditional ways have been by twisting a bunch of forage in ones hands or using a mechanical method (Hammer of fingernail) to determine if there is too much stem moisture in the stem nodes. The method can be applied using a portable instrument or building the instrument into a forage harvesting machine such as a hay baler.

Abstract: A method employs an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry an electromagnetic field measurement system to overcome environmental obstacles in measuring environmental electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field measurement system senses the electromagnetic field of a spatial position in the environment to generate a sensing signal, then processes the sensing signal to remove the high-frequency electromagnetic interference generated by the operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle itself from the sensing signal, and converts the processed sensing signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is processed to extract at least one wave according to a fundamental frequency and a harmonic order, thereby removing the low-frequency electromagnetic interference from the digital signal. The extracted wave is employed in calculating an environmental electromagnetic field value of the spatial location.

Abstract: Signal processing circuit for a Hall sensor and signal processing method. Signal processing circuits for four-phase spinning Hall magnetic field sensors, corresponding methods and corresponding magnetic field sensor apparatuses are provided. In this case, a correction signal (c) is generated on the basis of a first feedback signal (fb1) and a second feedback signal (fb2), wherein the first feedback signal (fb1) is provided with a shorter signal propagation time than the second feedback signal (fb2).

Abstract: Position sensors, including linear position sensors, that utilize magnetic field(s) are disclosed. Disclosed sensors include flux emitters and sensor assemblies. The sensor assemblies include flux collectors that interact with magnetic fields from flux emitters and with a magnetism sensing device. Flux emitters have arrangements of magnets that when combined with the sensor assembly can provide a constantly increasing or a constantly decreasing signal across a range of relative movement.