Abstract: An optical pyrometer having a coaxial light guide delivers laser radiation through optics to heat a localized area on a sample, and simultaneously collects optical radiation from the sample to perform temperature measurement of the heated area. Inner and outer light guides can comprise the core and inner cladding, respectively, of a double-clad fiber (DCF), or can be formed using a combination of optical fibers in one or more coaxial bundles. Coaxial construction and shared optics facilitate alignment of the centers of the heated and observed areas on the sample. The heated area can be on the order of micrometers when using a single-mode optical fiber core as the inner light guide. The system can be configured to heat small samples within a vacuum system of charged-particle beam microscopes such as electron microscopes. A method for using the invention in a microscope is also provided.

Abstract: Devices and methods for determining the position of a device relative to a person using the device, or the position of a part of a user's body relative to the user. One or more thermal sensor may be used to determine the relative position of the device or part of the user's body.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated methodology are provided to obtain intrinsic hyper-spectral data cubes such that the intrinsic spectrum associated with each pixel of the field of view does not contain irrelevant spectral components. This is accomplished by obtaining a focused spatial image of the field of view and a diffuse image of the field of view with a slit arrangement including a translucent material that allows imaging of a focused spatial image with its associated spectrum and a diffuse image of the illumination with its associated spectrum at essentially the same time. Unprocessed intrinsic data cubes are generated from the obtained spectrum which are processed with the intrinsic methodology of the invention to generate an intrinsic hyper-spectral data cube of the field of view.

Abstract: A method is for controlling an x-ray imaging device, in particular a computed tomography device. The x-ray imaging device includes an x-ray source and a photon counting detector as an x-ray detector. The methods includes, for an image acquisition process of a patient: determining at least one input parameter relating to at least one of an attenuation property of the patient and a purpose of the image acquisition; at least one of determining or adapting at least one operation parameter of the x-ray detector, dependent upon the at least one input parameter determined; and performing the image acquisition using the at least one operation parameter determined or adapted.

Abstract: A method for checking an authenticity feature having an optical storage phosphor, to an apparatus for checking, an authenticity feature and to a value document having an authenticity feature. The authenticity feature has an optical storage phosphor. In one step, the optical storage phosphor is subjected to at least one query sequence, respectively comprising at least a first readout process and a second readout process. At least a first and a second readout measurement value are captured, which respectively are based on the detection of an optical emission in response to the respectively first or the respectively second associated readout process. A readout measurement value time series is created and is respectively associated with the at least one query sequence, comprising at least the first readout measurement value respectively associated with the first readout process and the second one respectively associated with the second readout process.

Abstract: A nondestructive measurement apparatus includes a casing including a grip portion capable of being held in hand and a measurement portion having a ring shaped abutting portion to be abutted to a measurement target such as fruit or vegetable; a light source group including a plurality of light sources arranged to be separated in a circumferential direction in an interior thereof; a ring lens arranged in a ring shape smaller than the abutting portion at an inner portion of the abutting portion, for emitting lights from the light source group to an external of the casing in a ring shape; and a light guide member having one end surface exposed to an inner side of the ring lens and another end surface positioned in the interior of the casing, for emitting lights incident from the one end surface to the external from the another end surface.

Abstract: Embodiments provide image capturing apparatuses having a screen, a plurality of mirrors and a plurality of cameras. The plurality of mirrors and the plurality of cameras is arranged such that the plurality of cameras capture a portion of the screen via a respective one of the plurality of mirrors, wherein the plurality of cameras is arranged obliquely with respect to the screen.

Abstract: A radiation image display apparatus that includes: a hardware processor that generates the moving image for preview based on the pieces of image data of the plurality of frames obtained by moving image photographing of an object with radiation; and a holder that holds the moving image, wherein the hardware processor further: performs reproduction control on the moving image, performs image adjustment on the moving image, displays the moving image on the display during photographing the moving image, and displays the moving image according to the reproduction control or the moving image subjected to the image on the display.

Abstract: An X-ray scattering apparatus has a sample holder for aligning and orienting a sample to be analyzed by X-ray scattering, an X-ray beam delivery system arranged upstream of the sample holder for generating and directing a direct X-ray beam along a propagation direction towards the sample holder, a proximal X-ray detector arranged downstream of the sample holder as to let the direct X-ray beam pass and detect X rays scattered from the sample, and a distal X-ray detector arranged downstream of the sample holder and movable along the propagation direction (X) of the direct X-ray beam in which the proximal X-ray detector is also movable essentially along the propagation direction of the direct X-ray beam.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method of improved measurement of the SPF factor of sunscreen compositions. In one embodiment, a method of measuring the protection of a sunscreen composition includes exposing skin to a known intensity of light, measuring the amount of remitted light from the skin, applying sunscreen to the skin, exposing the skin to which the sunscreen has been applied the known intensity of emitted light of the spectrum of light from which the sunscreen is intended to protect the skin, measuring the amount of light remitted from the skin, and calculating a UltraViolet-A Protection Factor (UVA-PF) of the sunscreen by comparing the amount of light remitted from the skin with the sunscreen to the amount of light remitted from the skin without the sunscreen.

Abstract: A film thickness measuring apparatus includes a displacement sensor, and a film thickness calculator that includes a first processor, a second processor, and a third processor. The displacement sensor detects displacement of a sheet in its thickness direction at a location opposite to a portion of a terahertz scanner from which a terahertz wave is applied to a conveyance path. In accordance with a detection signal provided by the displacement sensor, the first processor determines the speed of displacement of the sheet in its thickness direction while the sheet is conveyed along the conveyance path. In accordance with the speed of displacement, the second processor corrects a scan waveform acquired by the terahertz scanner. In accordance with the peaks of the intensity of the terahertz wave that appear in the scan waveform corrected by the second processor, the third processor calculates the thickness of a film formed on the sheet.

Abstract: System of positron emission tomography to obtain images of a subject, which comprehends: one first fixed axis of rotation; one second axis of rotation substantially parallel to the first axis, in which the second axis is rotatable around the first axis at a predefined distance; one element of support rotatably coupled to the second axis; one pair of scintillators fixed to the element of support, said pair being collinear and aligned along the same longitudinal axis; two photomultipliers, each optically coupled to one of the scintillators; in which the element of support has a free region between the pair of scintillators to receive the subject to be imaged.

Abstract: A new apparatus and method within a portable Mudlogging gas detection system that determines the total amounts and various composition of an incoming mix of gases extracted from drilling fluid. The Mudlogging system consists of at least one electronic computing device, at least one infrared interferometer, and at least one other device for detecting gasses extracted from the drilling fluid. The Mudlogging system may switch from the primary gas detection means to a secondary gas detection means upon detection of a non-recoverable fault of the first gas detection means.

Abstract: Infrared cameras can include an infrared sensor and an infrared lens assembly defining an optical axis. A camera can include an inner gear engaging the infrared lens assembly and a focus ring that engages the inner gear. The inner gear can engage the focus ring and the infrared lens assembly such that rotation of the focus ring about its central axis can cause the rotation of the infrared lens assembly about its optical axis, which may be offset from the central axis of the focus ring. The camera can include a sensor can threadably engaging the infrared lens assembly and fixed relative to the infrared sensor such that rotation of the infrared lens assembly causes the infrared lens assembly to move relative to the infrared sensor. The sensor can can support other components such as a visible light lens assembly or a laser within a perimeter of the focus ring.

Abstract: A medical apparatus according to an embodiment includes control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to: acquire a three-dimensional cumulative dose distribution of an object; set a treatment target site by treatment accompanied with X-ray irradiation to the object; and determine an X-ray irradiating direction for performing the X-ray irradiation based on the three-dimensional cumulative dose distribution and the treatment target site.

Abstract: Provided is an X-ray analysis system with which it is possible to set appropriate conditions for vapor phase decomposition with ease. The X-ray analysis system includes an X-ray spectrometer and a vapor phase decomposition apparatus. The X-ray spectrometer includes: an X-ray source configured to irradiate a measurement sample having a thin film present on its surface with primary X-rays; a detector configured to measure an intensity of reflected X-rays, or an intensity of fluorescent X-rays; and a calculation unit configured to calculate a film thickness or a coating mass of the thin film based on the intensity of the reflected X-rays or the fluorescent X-rays. The vapor phase decomposition apparatus includes: a vapor phase decomposition portion configured to perform vapor phase decomposition on the thin film; and a control portion configured to determine a vapor phase decomposition time based on the film thickness or the coating mass.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a radiation detector configured to absorb radiation particles incident on a semiconductor single crystal of the radiation detector and to generate positive charge carriers and negative charge carriers in the semiconductor single crystal. The semiconductor single crystal may be a cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) single crystal or a cadmium telluride (CdTe) single crystal. The radiation detector comprises a first electrical contact in electrical contact with the semiconductor single crystal and a second electrical contact surrounding the first electrical contact or the semiconductor single crystal. The first electrical contact is configured to collect the negative charge carriers. The second electrical contact is configured to cause the positive charge carriers to drift out of the semiconductor single crystal.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting a component of an aerial power line. A frame has a support member extending along a support member axis. The support member is mountable about the power line in proximity to the component. The support member is rotatable about the line axis upon being mounted about the power line. A stabilizing member is mountable to a stabilizing structure separate from the power line. The stabilizing member is mountable to the support member to rotate the support member about the line axis. A source of electromagnetic imaging energy is mounted to the support member and has an emitter to face the component. A detector is mounted to the support member at a distance from the source to position the component between the source and the detector. The source and/or the detector is displaceable along the support member axis to vary the distance separating the detector and source.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to generate intrinsic images without barrier filters and dichroic mirrors is provided. The method involves acquisition of an image of a focused field of view and a diffused image of the same field of view. The diffused image is obtained by placing a translucent material in the path between a camera and the field of view. The translucent material permits transmission of the illumination energy while diffusing the spatial details of the field of view, thus producing a featureless image of illumination intensities. The focused and diffused images are then processed pixel-by-pixel by to generate intrinsic images free of irrelevant illumination.

Abstract: Polarized pixelated filter sub-array is reconfigured to reduce sensitivity to misalignment. The condition number increases more slowly than the standard polarized pixelated filter sub-array as the misalignment increases. In different embodiments, the filter sub-array is configured such that the condition number has a finite bound at ½ pixel misalignment. The angular values of the polarizer filter array are determined to minimize the sensitivity of the condition number of the data reduction matrix to misalignment. This can be achieved by selecting angular values that minimize the expected value of the condition number E(CN) over the range of misalignment.