Abstract: Thermoplastic preforms are heated in preparation for the blow molding of bottles therefrom in a tunnel (1) provided with infra-red radiators (13). Supports (19) for the preforms (17) move along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel while revolving. The enclosed space formed by the tunnel is connected to an exhaust blower (16) that draws in air through a longitudinal slot (3) in the bottom of the tunnel, through which the preforms extend, to thereby prevent the necks (18) of the preforms from becoming hot and deforming.

Abstract: A system wherein the contaminated cuttings are fed into the system for eventual incineration. The principal apparatus of the system comprises a plurality, preferably three, of horizontally disposed cylindrical drying chambers mounted onto a skid for receiving contaminated cuttings into each separate chamber. There is provided on the first end of the chambers a receiving bin or hopper, wherein the cuttings are received from the shakers or the like into the bin, and dropped into an opening in the first end of the three chambers. Each chamber is provided with a separate variable motor controlled auger disposed substantially throughout the length of the chamber wherein rotation of the auger would move the cuttings along the length of the interior of the chamber. The second end of each chamber is provided with a lower exit chute for removal of the cuttings from the chamber as the auger has moved them into position. The cuttings would then be collected in a polyurethane bag or the like.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for burning away organic components in raw phosphate, the burning taking place in two stages carried out in two reactors each having its separate air supply. A first suspension transport reactor (3) and a second reactor (5) are coupled in series via a separator (4), to which reactors combustion air (9), (11), preheated raw material (14), (15) and, if desired, fuel (8) are supplied separately. The reaction temperature in both reactors preferably lies in the range 700.degree.-850.degree. C. The majority of the organic components are burnt in the first stage which operates with a suspension having a density of 1-50 kg/m.sup.3. The remaining part of the organic components is burnt in the second stage which operates with a suspension density of 75-1600 kg/m.sup.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the transportation and heating of granulated materials, particularly of solid particles of catalyst used for hydrocarbon conversion which must be activated or regenerated. The process comprises moving a bed of catalyst particles on travelling bands or floor plates passing through an elongate chamber and eventually inclined to the axis thereof. The bands are subjected to vibrations imparting to said bed a unidirectional motion and, said bed on said bands being exposed to heating by means of electromagnetic radiations of a wave length range from 0.38 .mu.m to 50 mm.

Abstract: The insert container (1) for freeze-drying plants comprises a plurality of vertical ribs (4) subdividing the insert container (1) into parallel compartments (7). Vapor-pervious tubes (5) extend transversely of and traverse the ribs (4) preferably at about one-third of their height. The tubes (5) communicate with the ambient atmosphere through one or more vapor discharge channels (6) extending parallel to the ribs (4). The water vapor can also be discharged through channels (12) formed between the side walls (3) of adjacent insert containers (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the temperature of an object as it moves through a heat treating furnace. The furnace includes a hearth adapted to move through it thusly enabling a number of objects placed on the hearth to be heat treated as they move through the furnace. To obtain the temperature of an object being heat treated as it moves through the furnace, a hole is provided in the hearth. A thermocouple wire is inserted through the hole and into the furnace. An end of the wire is connected to an object being heat treated, and the object is placed in the furnace. The other end of the wire is connected to a temperature display device outside of the furnace which moves along with the hearth and the object as they move through the furnace.

Abstract: There is described a loading apparatus for conveying charging grates in heat treatment furnaces has one or more chain strands which run in guide rails which also extend into the heat treatment furnace; at the end of the chain strands facing toward the furnace, the chain links have pivoting rocker arms on which there are secured support segments; the raising and lowering of the support segments is carried out by means of support blocks and retaining cams.

Abstract: A skid rail for a reheat furnace which supports the slabs or work pieces moving therethrough without excessive cooling or tiger striping of such work pieces including a hollow structural member having an upper surface, a wear bar having a plurality of support blocks secured thereto for supporting the wear bar in a position above the upper surface of the structural member, cleats engaging the blocks to secure the wear bar on the surface and insulation under the wear bar and around the blocks and cleats, the material of the wear bar and the blocks having low thermal conductivity and high strength when subjected to the elevated temperatures of the reheat furnace.

Abstract: A combination direct/indirect fire drum heating and mixing apparatus includes a frame having an inner cylindrical drum rotatably supported thereto and having an aggregate input in one end thereof and an aggregate output at the other end thereof. A concentric outer drum is mounted around the inner drum and has an aggregate input from the material output of the inner drum and an aggregate output therefrom at the other end thereof, so that aggregate materials can pass through the inner drum and then pass between the inner and outer drums. A burner is mounted to one end of the inner cylindrical drum for directing a flame thereinto and includes a burner blower for blowing atmospheric air under pressure into the burner. An exhaust gas outlet duct operatively connects the exhaust gas from the inner cylindrical drum to the atmosphere or particulate-removing apparatus, while an exhaust gas feedback siphons vapors and gases emitted in the space between the two drums for incineration through the system burner.

Abstract: A steel strip heating furnace has a movable wall which can be positioned closer or farther away from the transverse edges of the steel in order to adjust the heat radiation applied to the opposing edges of the steel. The movable wall extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of a course along which the steel is transported through the furnace. The movable wall constitutes part of a ceiling of a furnace body and can be shifted vertically toward and away from the transverse edges of the steel so as to adjust the high-temperature heat radiation transmission area about the opposing transverse edge and thus control the heat applied to the corresponding section of the steel. Also, it is especially advantageous to provide means for cooling the movable wall so as to adjust the heat radiation therefrom. Therefore, the heating furnace can control the heat applied to the transverse edges of the steel so that the entire surface of the steel can be heated uniformly.

Abstract: A process for drying a water-wet paste containing polymeric beads without agglomeration is disclosed in which there is added to the wet paste a proportion of an organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, such as methyl isobutyl ketone, in an amount providing a stirrable mixture, and the solvent-containing aqueous paste is heated to remove the water as an azeotrope with the solvent and to produce a water free suspension of the beads in organic solvent. The proportion of azeotropic solvent can be minimized by adding a resinous vehicle in organic solvent solution to the solvent-containing aqueous paste after substantially all the water has been removed, and continuing the application of heat to remove undesired organic solvent and thereby increase the solids content.

Abstract: The combustion, cooling or other treatment of solids with the aid of gas may take place on a grate carrying or conveying said solids while the gas is passed through openings provided in the surface of the grate. In order to retain said solids entirely above said grate surface, to cool the grate surface sufficiently and to distribute the gas evenly in the solids to be treated, thin slots, inclined in the direction of transport, curved in the manner of a siphone and maintaining a high resistance to gas penetration are provided in grate plates composed to form a grate. The slots are formed between elements of such grate plates which can be manufactured by casting. The design of these grate plates avoids the necessity of handling dribblings passing said grates. The grate plates can be aerated through grate beams carrying them.

Abstract: For use in placing a semiconductor substrate in molecular beam epitaxy apparatus, a holder comprises a heat conductor member opposite to a substrate. The substrate is received in a space formed in a supporting member and is in engagement with a flange portion radially inwardly projected from a peripheral surface of the space. The heat conductor member is heated by a heater in the molecular beam epitaxy apparatus. This results in effective conduction of heat to the substrate. The substrate is easily put in the beam epitaxy apparatus and removed therefrom. The heat conductor member may be of pyrolytic graphite or sintered graphite.

Abstract: An apparatus for preheating granular ore includes a shaft defined by vertical walls, an inlet chute disposed above the shaft for introducing the ore thereinto by gravity, an ore discharge collector situated underneath the shaft for receiving preheated ore therefrom, and an arrangement for passing heating gases upwardly in the shaft. The discharge collector has vertical side walls and further, there is provided an insert situated in the discharge collector and extending generally horizontally thereacross. The insert has a downwardly widening configuration. A discharge device is disposed at a lower end of the discharge collector.

Abstract: An apparatus for the thermal removal of lacquer and like coating materials from metal and ceramic objects comprises a fluidized-bed retort which is partly heated by a burner in a burner chamber formed in a unitary housing with the retort. Combustibles in the retort gases are recycled to an afterburner chamber for combustion to provide additional heating for the retort. The bottom of the retort is surrounded by an annular gap through which the afterburner gases pass and then to an outlet connected to the afterburner chamber by a valve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating semiconductor wafers characterized by the release of preheated nitrogen into an oven to considerably reduce heating time for the wafers. The oven is evacuated prior to the release of the preheated nitrogen.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for drying or heat treating granular material fed in a continuous flow. The apparatus comprises a heating container having an inlet end and an outlet end. A heating source is located entirely within the container. An auger conveyor is disposed in the container adjacent the inlet end to displace a particulate medium, capable of retaining heat, from the inlet end to a heat chamber within the container. A transporting mechanism is provided in the heating chamber for showering the particulate medium in direct contact with a flame during a predetermined time so that the medium is quickly heated to an approximate desired temperature. A mixing and drying conveyor mixes and conveys the heated particulate medium with a humid granular material whereby to dry the material by heat transfer between the particulate medium and the granular material. A separator then separates the particulate medium from the granular material.

Abstract: A vacuum-chamber, batch-process, freeze dryer system, of the type usable for pharmaceutical, diagnostic and chemical processing applications, incorporates extensive regulation of a carrier gas injected in minute quantities into an evacuated vacuum chamber and a distribution system which regulates a more even flow over each of a plurality of material holding containers held within the evacuated vacuum chamber of the carrier gas.

Abstract: A procelain enameling furnace includes a combined entrance/exit zone, an air seal section, a radiation/convection heat transfer section, and a heating section. The entrance/exit zone receives an incoming cool ware and discharges an outgoing hot ware at substantially the same location. The air seal section prevents loss of heat from the furnace through the entrance/exit zone. In the heat transfer section, the incoming ware is parallel to and travels in the opposite direction to the outgoing ware for transferring heat therebetween by radiation and convection. The heating section includes a pre-heating zone and at least one heating zone. The pre-heating zone is formed of U-shaped heat exchanger tubes through which the incoming ware passes following the heat transfer section. The heating zone is formed of U-shaped radiant heating tubes for heating the cool ware following the pre-heating zone.

Abstract: An electric vehicle with combustible fuel capability having an electrocombustible drive engine. A first and second storage battery having a D.C. voltage capacity can be spread to a chopper which provides the input voltage to the electro portion of the engine. A controller accessible to the operator of the vehicle determines the quantity of voltage. A 1st clutch is designed so it can connect or disconnect a 1st flywheel to the motorshaft, connect or disconnect a 1st generator to the motorshaft if its not operated off the first flywheel, and connect or disconnect the 1st generator to the 1st flywheel if it is desired to operate the 1st generator off the 1st flywheel when the flywheel is not connected to the motor shaft and is operating off its stored kinetic and mechanical power. A second generator would be operated from a fan which would be a velocity dependent part of the vehicle.